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About 1.2 million violent crimes and over seven million property crimes in the United States were recorded by the FBI.

Walden University. “What Influences Criminal Behavior? | Walden University.” Waldenu.edu, Walden University, 2019, www.waldenu.edu/online-bachelors-programs/bs-in-criminal-justice/resource/what-influences-criminal-behavior.

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Criminologists believe our biology can also predispose us to criminality.

Walden University. “What Influences Criminal Behavior? | Walden University.” Waldenu.edu, Walden University, 2019, www.waldenu.edu/online-bachelors-programs/bs-in-criminal-justice/resource/what-influences-criminal-behavior.

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Crime: Reduces safety, impedes trust, creates chaos, creates stress.

Zavadil, Linda “The Impact of Crime on Community Development.” UniversalClass.Com,  2024

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“Crime and other issues related to public safety can also act as an obstacle to the improvements made by community development. It's difficult to improve a community's appearance and character if vandalism is destroying things being brought in or repaired in the community”

Zavadil, Linda “The Impact of Crime on Community Development.” UniversalClass.Com,  2024

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April Knox is a expert in psychology and psychological sciences and is writing for the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, a global research center. The main perspective found in this evidence/source is how interventions and targeted approaches on juvenile behavior can decrease crime rates of young people.

“programs that drew on CBT principles reduced a range of criminal, violent, and antisocial behaviors.” This evidence was found by April Knox of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. Knox , A. (2024, April). Preventing crime and violence with behavior change techniques. The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). https://www.povertyactionlab.org/policy-insight/preventing-crime-and-violence-behavior-change-techniques

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“Victims often endure profound psychological trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. The repercussions can disrupt lives, affecting employment, relationships, and overall well-being. Families and communities also bear the brunt of violent crimes, grappling with loss, fear, and the economic costs associated with medical care, legal fees, and lost productivity. The societal toll of violent crime underlines the need for effective legal systems and support networks to aid in recovery and prevention.”

“What Are Violent Crimes & Why Are They So Serious.” Cofer & Connelly, PLLC, Cofer & Connelly, PLLC, 23 Jan. 2024, www.coferconnelly.com

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Two professors named Stephen O'Sullivan and Philip A. Pecorino, who both take a more liberalistic approach to crime and believe that it's morally okay to break "smaller" laws such as driving over the speed limit or to smoke marijuana.

“Ethics.” Blank, www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialSciences/ppecorino/ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_2_Moral%20Development/Follow_the_Law.htm#:~:text=Here%20are%20some%20examples%20of,Smoking%20marijuana. Accessed 24 Oct. 2024.

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Researcher from the American Psychiatric Association

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Researcher from the American Psychiatric Association

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A lack of positive developmental traits is directly connected with behavior as children drift from teenage years to adulthood.

Hegger, John. “Nature vs. Nurture: Which Causes Crime?” Lexipol Media Group, 21 July 2015, www.corrections1.com/probation-and-parole/articles/nature-vs-nurture-which-causes-crime-u7qC7V8v1F69l0Y7/.

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Zara Abrams, psychologist and psychological science researcher. This article offers perspectives from psychology and neuroscience to argue for a juvenile Justice system that lines with adolescence developmental needs.

"Teenagers tend to be motivated by short-term positive rewards rather than the threat of long-term punishment. But juvenile probation systems, which often require teens to comply with 10 or more rules for months or years at a time, are frequently at odds with what researchers know about adolescent behavior and decision-making."

Abrams , Z. (2022, December 1). The psychological science of adolescent behavior and decision-making is reshaping the juvenile justice system. Monitor on Psychology. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/11/juvenile-justice-system-teens

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“even if incarceration has no estimable unique effect on community-level indicators, the intense concentration of incarceration added to existing social inequalities constitutes a severe hardship faced by a small subset of neighborhoods.”

Travis, Jeremy, et al. “The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences.” 10 Consequences for Communities | The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences | The National Academies Press, National Research Council, nap.nationalacademies.org.

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“Moreover, if disadvantaged communities disproportionately produce prisoners, they will disproportionately draw them back upon release, which in turn will generate additional hardships in terms of surveillance imposed on the community (Goffman, 2009), the financial strains of housing and employment support and addiction treatment, and potential recidivism."

Travis, Jeremy, et al. “The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences.” 10 Consequences for Communities | The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences | The National Academies Press, National Research Council, nap.nationalacademies.org.

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Walden University Criminal Justice researcher 

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Walden University Criminal Justice researcher 

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85% of the American prison population have abused alcohol or drugs

Walden University. “What Influences Criminal Behavior? | Walden University.” Waldenu.edu, Walden University, 2019, www.waldenu.edu/online-bachelors-programs/bs-in-criminal-justice/resource/what-influences-criminal-behavior.

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“We find that social connectedness leads to sizable reductions in crime rates. The elasticity of the crime rate with respect to social connectedness ranges from −0.07 to −0.25 across the seven index crimes of murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft, and is statistically distinguishable from zero for every crime besides larceny."

Stuart, Bryan A, and Evan J Taylor. “The Effect of Social Connectedness on Crime: Evidence from the Great Migration.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Mar. 2021, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8460118/.

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“One possible explanation is peer effects, whereby an individual is more likely to commit crime if his peers commit crime”

Stuart, Bryan A, and Evan J Taylor. “The Effect of Social Connectedness on Crime: Evidence from the Great Migration.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Mar. 2021, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8460118/.

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Effectiveness of CBT in reducing criminal Behaviors

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Effectiveness of CBT in reducing criminal Behaviors

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Patrick Clark, a social science analyst with the National Institute of Justice. A perspective found within this article is how we can use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing criminal behaviors.

"The therapy assumes that most people can become conscious of their own thoughts and behaviors and then make positive changes to them."

Clark, P. (2010, May 28). Preventing future crime with cognitive behavioral therapy. National Institute of Justice. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/preventing-future-crime-cognitive-behavioral-therapy

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Changing approaches to intervention with juveniles

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Changing approaches to intervention with juveniles

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Mark Lipsey of Vanderbilt University looked into the effectiveness of different approaches to intervention with young people who have committed a crime.

He found that, “those based on punishment and deterrence appeared to increase criminal recidivism,” while more therapeutic approaches, “had the greatest impact in reducing further criminal behavior.”

Clark, P. (2010, May 28). Preventing future crime with cognitive behavioral therapy. National Institute of Justice. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/preventing-future-crime-cognitive-behavioral-therapy

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Families that lack the financial or mental to raise their child's problems are more likely to have an environment that influences the mindset and behavior of those who participate in criminal activity.

(Perspectives aren't as strong and don't give specific information on who these researchers are)

Henry, M. (2016, June 8). How the environment effects criminal activity — Science Leadership Academy @ Center City. Scienceleadership.org. https://scienceleadership.org/blog/how_the_environment_effects_criminal_activity

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April Knox from the Abdul Latif Poverty Action Lab researched crime and violence prevention programs, and found that prevention programs that draw on behavior change techniques that address cognitive biases in decision-making, have been found effective in reducing criminal, violent, and antisocial behaviors.

Cognitive behavioral therapy has helped participants identify cognitive biases, such as making hasty assumptions, that can distort decision-making. By recognizing this individuals can challenge their thoughts and improve their ability to make rational choices rather than acting impulsively. Individuals can, “slow their decision-making, plan ahead, and set goals, all of which can help curb violent and self-destructive tendencies.”

Knox , A. (2024, April). Preventing crime and violence with behavior change techniques. The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). https://www.povertyactionlab.org/policy-insight/preventing-crime-and-violence-behavior-change-techniques

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Someone's genes and environment play a significant role in one’s desire to participate in criminal activities.

(Perspectives aren't as strong and don't give specific information on who these researchers are)

Henry, M. (2016, June 8). How the environment effects criminal activity — Science Leadership Academy @ Center City. Scienceleadership.org. https://scienceleadership.org/blog/how_the_environment_effects_criminal_activity

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The former Federal Prosecutor for the U.S Department of Justice argues that the breaking of petty crimes shouldn't be prosecuted or punished. He lists a statistic that displays that the prosecution of someone for committing a petty crime increases the likelihood of them committing a different crime in the future. A petty crime could be classified as shoplifting, traffic violations, etc.

“Should Prosecutors Pursue Minor Crimes?” Open to Debate, 21 Dec. 2023, opentodebate.org/debate/should-prosecutors-pursue-minor-crimes/.

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based on the causes and effects of crime, what is the most effective way to prevent it?

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based on the causes and effects of crime, what is the most effective way to prevent it?

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The staff from the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center (JTDC) performed cognitive behavioral therapy twice daily for three to four weeks for young males who, on average, had been arrested eight times in the past.

steady reductions in readmission rates after release. The participants were, “39 percent less likely to be readmitted within 2 months of release and 21 percent less likely to be readmitted 18 months later.”

Knox , A. (2024, April). Preventing crime and violence with behavior change techniques. The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). https://www.povertyactionlab.org/policy-insight/preventing-crime-and-violence-behavior-change-techniques