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group portrait

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less is a bore

form over function

borrows from the past

local

appropriation (stealing to make a point)

skepticism

personalized

meaning over form

fabrication

cynical

multicultural

globalization

pluralism of style, no neat order (artists doing many types of art)

denies fixed structure or logic

denies existence of truth

emphasis on collaboration

questions rules of modernism

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a single style

easy to define

a term just for art

a unified group

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analytic cubism: deconstructing space, showing multiple points of view at a time, inspired by Cezanne

synthetic cubism: building up images, use of collage, "real" vs. illusion

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removing the naturalistic depiction function of color

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Mondrian, Composition with red, blue, and yellow

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Mondrian, Composition with red, blue, and yellow

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de stijl is a dutch movement, sought to create a utopia through art, universal order, also called international style and neoplasticism

"universal truth"

not necessarily art for arts sake. the universe is held together in perfect balance. this style was the result of years of trying to eliminate space in his artwork.

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installation art. looks like you're suspended in space, themes of eternity and the universe.

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Paik, Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S.

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Paik, Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S.

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video art. each screen is playing footage relevant to the state. reference to how people get information about the country / world.

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installation, permanent in Brooklyn museum. feminist art. inspired by Minimalist Art. Women were still being ignored in the art world. Researched about 1000 women artist, chose 39 to give them a "place at the table." 919 names written on the tile. Medium of sewing and ceramics were typical of what was expected of women in history. Each plate resembles female genitalia.

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence

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land art. 24 miles of nylon fence held up by metal poles. made a ribbon of light across northern california that eventually led to the Pacific Ocean. only up for 2 weeks. Christo said the whole process was the work, not just the 2 weeks it was up. Had to get permission from cities and ranchers, and hired a bunch of people to set it up.

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Color Field Painting

soft edge, floating shaped, cloud-like. interest only in expressing basic human emotions.

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all-over painting, meaning lack of focal point. action painting, gesture painting. paint was flung onto canvas on floor. He used many types of paint and methods of getting it on the canvas. "I am nature"

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Picasso read about the bombing of Guernica, which was not a militarized city, victims were regular people. figure with hands up similar to third of may. head comes in through window with candle, lightbulb sharp and luminous, mother holds her (seemingly) dead baby. bull stands for brutality, horse stands for innocence, has a big gash in its side.

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america

showing American life for what it is. subconsciously showing the loneliness that occurs in busy cities. subjects are separated from us, and relatively separated from each other. late at night, time to go home.

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Mexico

bus accident at age 17 caused pain for the rest of her life. Old fashioned dress. organs being outside the body, reference to surgeries.

Left Frida is more European style, referring to her fathers side. Left Frida references her mothers side, which is Native American and creole. holding locket of her husband at a time when they had just divorced. They remarried.

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Harlem Renaissance (New York)

influenced by cubism, simplification, reduction. Lawrence wanted his drawings to have impact, so he opted for a simplified style. Used tempera, not easily blended.

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america

tightly and cleanly rendered, reflects the nature of the figures. hard working people, farmers. they look religious, religious Americans dress simply, similar to puritans. subliminal crosses all over the place. houses roof is similar to steeple, steeple in background.

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slightly surreal, sky can be seen through holes in skull, juxtaposed objects and themes.

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"New Yorkers are so busy that they don't have time to stop and look at a flower, so I'm going to paint them so large that they can't miss it"

hard and soft edges, soft modeling and shading and transition of colors. inspired by close-up photography, which was new at the time.

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reminiscent of prehistoric pieces, or Yorkshire hills. very inspired by nature.

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2 relatively pleasant things that become useless and nasty and unpleasant when combines

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2 utilitarian objects that become completely useless when combines

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"this is not a pipe"

paintings are only ever representations of things, never truly what they are depicting

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spain

"biomorphic forms" said he was depicting hallucinations from hunger. primitive look. flat shapes, lines on "planes"

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element of chance, like dada

randomness, dream state

juxtaposition of unrelated objects

exploration of the subconscious mind

dream images

stream of consciousness

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Hausmann, Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age)

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Hausmann, Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age)

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Germany

"their brains are empty"

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Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

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Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

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reaction against WWI

focused on absurdity, element of chance

enlightenment value of logic and reason only lead to war

challenged status quo in art, culture, etc

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Die Brucke, eastern Germany, berlin, doing abstract art to show emotion. bridging between German past and future. dissatisfaction with modern life, looks to German woodblock past for inspiration.

Der Blaue Reiter, west Germany. inspired by folk art, Egyptian art, children's art. looks for spirituality or universal truths.

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pro-revolution. utopian. cool white on warm white.

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Chirico, Mystery and Melancholy of a Street

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Chirico, Mystery and Melancholy of a Street

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response to modernism

deep connection between the animal and the person. folk art, recounts artists hometown and childhood. scythe could indicate death, tree could indicate life.

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Response to modernism

"ready-mades"

questioning fundamentals of what art is. Can art be an idea? How much does the artist have to transform? reminiscent of a mill, a spinning wheel, something.

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response to modernism

inspired by a photography series. Duchamp is inspired by technology, likes to incorporate it into his work. was not well received.

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handle on crank invites the viewer to turn it and interact with the mechanism. each bird makes a different type of sound.

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Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

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Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

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Italian Futurism

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Italian futurism looked to the future, and futurists wanted to rid themselves of art of the past. This is inspired by photography, when we could see all points in time of something moving.

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blue object could be mountain or pyramid, half moon is an islamic symbol, Star of David, abstracted shapes look like building blocks

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inspired by and composed like music.very abstracted, Kandinsky was worried if you could recognize too much, you would close yourself off emotionally from the pure colors and forms. visual rhythm. Biblical references (flood, city on a hill)

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women in front are prostitutes, shows dissatisfied attitude about everything being material and everything being for sale.

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Picasso, guitar, sheet music, and wine glass

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Picasso, guitar, sheet music, and wine glass

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synthetic cubism: visual game-playing. "le jou" means the game.

circle is placed on top, contradictory to it being a hole. wine glass is analytic cubism style. musical notation is completely abstract, are nonsense until they are learned. wood-textured paper is hand-painted.

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analytic cubism: cubism that shows a subject from multiple points of view simultaneously.

man on a dock playing guitar. minimal color to not distract you from form.

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breaks many rules of art from the last 400 years. no semblance of space or depth. inspired partly by Cezanne, African art, Spanish sculpture, fauvism in it's color. anything except naturalism. Nude females fierce, confrontational.

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inconsistent space, lines are what isn't painted red, as opposed to being painted on top. dimension makes no sense. I don't really like this painting.

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inspired by post-impressionism. color freed from iconography, it serves to show emotion and establish values. color used for it's own expressive power.

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polished bronze

motion, sleekness of a bird diving

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Ife

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Ghana

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Mali

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Gabon

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Gabon

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emphasized world of dreams, moods, fears, desires, over everyday things.

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Lithography

love of nature and plants, medieval influence with interlacing and symmetry. tapestry-like design. strong outline. elegance, natural looking organic forms.

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Horta, Interior Stairwell of the Tassel House

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Horta, Interior Stairwell of the Tassel House

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inspired by arts and crafts movement. organic and plant-like shapes. columns look like plants, elegant sinuous lines. curvilinear lines.

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calais was under siege by the English. they would be granted freedom if they sent the 6 most prominent leaders, which were the Burghers. introspective, a weighty decision. None of them had to die but they didn't know that.

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Tanner, Angels Appearing before the Shepherds

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Tanner, Angels Appearing before the Shepherds

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angels on left, shepherds on bottom right, Jerusalem in background. angel cropped in corner. artist is American, moved to Paris because there was less racial prejudice (went from the back artist, to the American artist). Japanese style point of view.

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influenced by Art Nouveau

pattern and outline inspired by ukiyo-e. Inspired by byzantine mosaics, art of Ravenna. Critics take a "femme fatale" approach, others see it as an eternal union, romantic. vines are growing over their legs, could suggest permanence. Woman is curvilinear, her patterns are organic and curvilinear. Man is more linear, his patterns have more straight lines, complimenting the curved patterns.

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Japanese print composition. compressed space, near and far. Volcanic eruption changed the colors of the sky for weeks. "2 friends" have walked on in the background. oil, tempera, pastel, and crayon.

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called a "primitive artist" because he had no academic training. objects are outlined in light colors, gives it an inverted feel. dream-like quality.

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Redon, The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity

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Redon, The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity

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lithograph, from an Edgar Allen Poe series, trying to mimic the uneasy mood that Poe writes (not illustration).

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Gauguin, Where Did We Come From: What Are We? Where Are We Going?

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Gauguin, Where Did We Come From: What Are We? Where Are We Going?

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peasant people. subjects are so close to God that after the sermon, they go outside, they envision Jacob wrestling with the angel. tree divides spiritual and physical, reminiscent of Japanese woodblock. also inspired by medieval art, folk art

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mood: tired, eerie, alien, dizzy. floor plane is compressed.

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Advertisement, Valentine the Boneless, La Goulue / Dancer who invented the Can-Can. Realist influence. Lithograph. Rhythm in gas lamps, floorboards, text.

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self portrait (guy in back), famous performers (Valentine the Boneless, Japanese cropping, light is unnatural. Indoor Gas-lighting.

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Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

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Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

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Neo-impressionism, Pointillism, divisionism

impressionist colors, outdoor leisure, mixed classes. differs from impressionism in stiffness of composition & poses, stark / clean lines, unblended / optical blending.

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Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bibemus Quarry

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Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bibemus Quarry

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bright colors, loose brushstrokes. foreground colors used in sky to flatten composition on purpose. composition reminiscent of Ukiyo-e prints.

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Cezanne, Still Life with Apples in a Bowl

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Cezanne, Still Life with Apples in a Bowl

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loose brushstrokes, dark outline, off-center cropping. dimensional ambiguity with wall (plants?) and cloth. perspective is moving throughout the piece.

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flat shapes, sharp contours, compressed space, cropping angles, asymmetry

fleeting subject matter, Birds-Eye view, clear and sharp lines

interesting angels, gradients, flat colors

big influence to the impressionist style

compressed space, when objects are shown very close to us

scenes are often not from a comprehensive angel, objects are often cut off

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model kept denying Sargent's requests to paint her, she eventually said yes. Originally painted with a shoulder strap falling off. In the exhibition, it was criticized for showing a married woman in such a seductive dress. straps were painted in post.

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"nocturne" suggests a musical motif. it's an arrangement of line, form, and color, in regards to music composition, and art that focuses on the elements of art, "art for arts sake"

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reform of the ills of industrialization through spirituality and art.

looked to early renaissance and gothic art (before Raphael) as pure genuine art.

depict "truth" by close observation of nature and details

rich pure color on a white ground

includes symbolism

literature subject matter, especially the bible, Shakespeare, and Arthurian legends

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interest in everyday subjects

on-the-spot outdoor scenes

fleeting moments, impermanence

atmosphere, light, colored shadow

modern urban life, leisure activities

upper middle class, nouveau riche

times of the day / year

look of ukiyo-e

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France

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Renoir, Dance at the Moulin de la Galette

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Renoir, Dance at the Moulin de la Galette

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France

fleeting moment, leisure. third impressionist exhibition, not salon. focal point is meandering, not one clear subject. loose brushwork, colorful. sense of the arbitrary, as if a photo was taken without choreography.