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Coming into the class, I knew very few "formal" terms regarding reproductive rights movements as well as international relations. In this class, I wanted to gain more knowledge and understanding of these topics while learning more about feminist movements around reproductive rights as this is something I'm very interested in. I learned about many new terms, ideas, and cases in this class, broadening my international knowledge about the subject. While I'm studying STEM at MIT, I am very interested in subjects/topics outside of this and am grateful for the chance to learn more about something new outside of my STEM courses. I feel more confident about having discussions around these topics with friends, family, and other people in/out of the field!

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WGS.115 has been a challenging but intellectually stimulating course I had the privilege to take this semester. It allowed me to broaden my perception beyond the U.S. and Western feminism mindset, learning about how social movements in other regions of the world. The course readings were quite niche and daunting to read at first, but once I was able to hear my other peer's perspective, it really helped. I never heard of transnational activism and it is something I'd like to explore in my interest of public health postgrad.

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Mainly inspired by the notion "feminist curiosity", which provides a lens/perspective to observe/analyze what happened in my surroundings and other regions.

As a phd student in public policy, i'm also very intrigued into how feminist issues has contributed to political/IR theories -- for scientific research and my own motivation -- cuz i hope there'll be more female researchers in the field!

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I feel much more equipped with theories and examples on transnational feminist movements that I could use and refer to for my personal research.

Also, the topic of reproductive rights was new to me, and the class sessions provided time for me to think through and process some of the difficult questions regarding the issue. In all, this was an intellectually stimulating course.

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norm internalization

Norm can be defined as a set of principles of right actions that accepted by groups of members.

Norm internalization is to adopt, interpret and take actions to put it into practice, which comes part of the society and no longer contested.

Ex. Child labor (child human rights), reproductive rights.

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International norms: shared expectations about how governments and non-state actors should behave internationally with other states and/or their population

Examples: The UN facilitates international relation norm building through treaty signings and holding conventions, international norms that oppose gender violence and the use of nuclear weapons

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Transnational Countermovements: Countermovements arise when social movements pose a significant threat to policy, public opinion, or
political alignments.

Example: anti-abortion movement (pro-life) counters the pro-choice movement, World Congress of Families promotes traditional family values opposing feminist movements shifted away from these

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Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)

State actors are able to cultivate a structural support system, blurring the lines between national and state affairs depending on the issue they are advocating for. (Keck & Sikkink.)

Southern global networks --> Northern global NGOs --> Pressure placed on non-state actor (government)

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Transnational symbols

: visual productions or imagery of movements that represent collective desires, are easy to recognize, and are used transnationally. May arouse emotions, attention, and action among activists.

Ex. Green kerchief in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile (Vacarezza)

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Transnational symbols

: visual productions or imagery of movements that represent collective desires, are easy to recognize, and are used transnationally. May arouse emotions, attention, and action among activists.

Ex. Green kerchief in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile (Vacarezza)

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Transnational usage of social media

: the use of social media for advocacy work across a transnational network. Involves rapid, affordable, and global dissemination of information to raise awareness, expand activist network, host events/protests, and more.

Ex. Ni Una Menos feminist movement, use of social media to call for International Women’s Strike in 2017. (Gago)

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Transnational Feminism: the inclusion of feminism movements in international politics, exchanges between feminists around the globe advocating for women's issues and creating solidarity with one another

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Boomerang Pattern

The boomerang pattern is a transnational activism strategy used by local networks to get in contact with international NGOs (a form of TANs). We discuss this concept from the Keck & Sikkank reading.

An example would be from the article where people from the U.S. are contacting Mexican abortion networks, aiming to receive self-medication alternatives to terminate their pregnancies.

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Reproductive justice

It is a Black feminist term defined in Ross' "Reproductive Justice as Intersectional Feminist Activism."

Reproductive justice is combining reproductive rights and social justice. (Ross, 2017). It also combines intersectionality, which was coined by Kimberle Crenshaw.

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Backlash is targeted towards feminist movements by people/institutions who disagree with their beliefs. For example, in women's reproductive health movements, feminist activists receive backlash from religious institutes, conservative governments, groups, and individuals who oppose their views and want to limit their influence.

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Transnational Data Activism

: the use of data by transnational actors to advocate for their cause; consists of reactive efforts such as calling out issues of omitted, mishandled, disorganized, and illegible data and proactive efforts of producing data.

Ex. Counting Feminicide (D'Ignazio, 2024)