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How important is football in the american society and economy ?

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How are Californian Firefighters facing the challenges of climate change ?

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How are Californian Firefighters facing the challenges of climate change ?

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To what extent have some American metal/rock bands helped improve their fans' mental health ? 

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To what extent have some American metal/rock bands helped improve their fans' mental health ? 

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To what extent Doctor Who evolved to fit today's society?/ to be more inclusive/ to show more diversity?

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To what extent Doctor Who evolved to fit today's society?/ to be more inclusive/ to show more diversity?

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How AI is reshaping the future of work and ethics in the USA ?

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How AI is reshaping the future of work and ethics in the USA ?

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Are the Australian Aboriginal people today the last generation who are able to spend their lives unaffected by climate change?

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Are the Australian Aboriginal people today the last generation who are able to spend their lives unaffected by climate change?

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How do Canadians face the issue regarding bilingualism in their country ?

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How do Canadians face the issue regarding bilingualism in their country ?

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sujet possible sur tiktok et les réseaux sociaux 

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sujet possible sur tiktok et les réseaux sociaux 

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To what extent has pop culture  influenced english speaking worlds?

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To what extent has pop culture  influenced english speaking worlds?

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How has US rap evolved into both a tool for social and political empowerment and a dominant force in mainstream culture ?

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How has US rap evolved into both a tool for social and political empowerment and a dominant force in mainstream culture ?

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How has rap feed the gang culture in the U.S ?

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How has rap feed the gang culture in the U.S ?

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Why should NCAA athletes get paid and how can they do so ?

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How has American Punk Rock music been part of political activism against G.Bush's government ?

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How has American Punk Rock music been part of political activism against G.Bush's government ?

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To what extent does true crime reveal a more violent society in England ?

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To what extent does true crime reveal a more violent society in England ?

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-idolize criminals

-netflix series

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Example of Linkin Park lead singer ( Chester BENNINGTON )

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Example of Linkin Park lead singer ( Chester BENNINGTON )

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I) people were used to white male actors, "dogma"?                                      II) diversity in characters, stories                                           III) The backlash of the new doctors

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I) people were used to white male actors, "dogma"?                                      II) diversity in characters, stories                                           III) The backlash of the new doctors

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1/ The origins of bilingualism in Canada 

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1/ The origins of bilingualism in Canada 

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Lyrics from the song "March of the dogs" by Sum 41 in 2007, denouncing G.Bush's lies and shameful actions during his presidential campaign.

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Lyrics from the song "March of the dogs" by Sum 41 in 2007, denouncing G.Bush's lies and shameful actions during his presidential campaign.

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The Super Bowl generally has a larger global audience than the UEFA Champions League Final.

Super Bowl: In 2023, the 57th Super Bowl attracted approximately 200 million viewers worldwide, around 113 million viewers just in the United States.

UEFA Champions League Final: The 2023 Champions League Final attracted around 150 million viewers in Europe .

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Humanity's heating of the planet, driven by the burning of fossil fuels and unchecked emissions of greenhouse gases, has become the main driver of worsening droughts in California and the American West, according to new research.

A team of UCLA and NOAA scientists found that while droughts in the last century were caused mainly by decreases in precipitation through natural cycles, an entirely different pattern has taken hold as a result of the rising temperatures this century.

The researchers determined that since 2000, human-caused warming has become the dominant force leading to more drought severity in the Western United States. In the case of the intense Western drought from 2020 to 2022, the scientists attributed 61% of its severity to high temperatures, and only 31% to reduced precipitation.

"For the same precipitation deficit, drought now is much stronger than it used to be in the 20th century, and drought also lasts longer," said Rong Fu, a UCLA climate researcher and study coauthor. "That makes drought more severe and more extensive."

She and her colleagues analyzed data from 1948 to the present in 11 Western states from California to Colorado. They found that since 2000, human-caused warming has not only become the dominant factor in the severity of drought, but also in expanding areas affected by drought conditions.

Examining potential future scenarios, the researchers said climate models indicate that an extreme drought like the one from 2020 to 2022 - an event that without warming would likely occur once in more than a thousand years - could become a 1-in-60-year event by the middle of this century, and potentially a 1-in-six-year event by the end of the century.

The researchers, including scientists at NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System in Boulder, Colo., wrote that human-caused warming has "ushered in an era of temperature-dominated droughts."

(Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times)

"The degree of aridification and intensification of droughts in the region depends on the extent of anthropogenic warming," the researchers wrote in the , which was published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances.

The scientists said their findings, which add to a growing body of research documenting climate change's role in worsening droughts, underscore an urgent need to reduce planet-warming emissions while also changing water management and drought strategies to adapt to the new reality of heat-driven dry spells.

They said the results indicate the West will become drier as climate change continues to push global temperatures higher.

"How dry, how severe, depends on our actions. Basically, we have control on what droughts look like in the future. That hasn't happened in human history," Fu said. "Future drought is mainly determined by how warm it gets, and how much CO2 we emit. So first and foremost is to control the CO2 emissions."

The outlook for reducing U.S. carbon dioxide emissions has dimmed, however, with Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election. Trump has pledged to scrap the Biden administration's climate initiatives and efforts to curb emissions, and has vowed to facilitate more oil and gas drilling.

Trump's victory might mean closing a window of opportunity to avoid dangerous climate impacts "if we do not fight back and double down our effort to curb CO2 emissions," Fu said.

"I am very concerned for the future of the Western U.S., the U.S. as a whole and the world, especially because we are at such a critical moment for limiting catastrophic impacts from climate change," Fu said. "However, history also shows that our action matters. We should not let Trump's administration decide our future and the future of our children and grandchildren."

The effects of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have become increasingly apparent over the last decade.

Last year was by far the warmest year on record globally. According to NOAA, Earth's average temperature was more than 2.4 degrees warmer than the average in pre-industrial times. The U.N. warned in a recent that without greater action to stop emissions, the world could see as much as 5.6 degrees of warming by 2100, bringing "debilitating impacts to people, planet and economies."

Along with extreme heat, people in the Western United States have experienced some of the driest conditions recorded. California was ravaged by the state's driest three years on record from 2020-22.

Other scientists have similarly found that global warming is having a major effect in worsening drought conditions.

Researchers using tree-ring records determined in a 2022 study that Western North America was experiencing its driest 22-year period in 1,200 years. They found that this megadrought wouldn't be nearly as severe without global warming, estimating that 42% of its severity was attributable to higher temperatures.

Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies who co-authored the megadrought research, said the methods in the latest study are sound and the findings are similar, though he also said there is considerable uncertainty in the future projections the scientists used.

"The impacts on drought scale with warming," Cook said. "So the more warming that happens, the more drying we expect in this region. And that means more severe, more extensive and more frequent drought events."

(Gina Ferazzi / Los Angeles Times)

Warming contributes to drier conditions by increasing what scientists call evaporative demand. Higher temperatures enhance the atmosphere's capacity to hold water vapor, increasing the quantities of moisture evaporating off the landscape. This leaves the land drier and contributes to reductions in stream flows.

Experts say more intense droughts supercharged by climate change will require significant shifts in agricultural water use because farms consume most of the water that is diverted and pumped in the West - to depending on the region. Along the drought-stricken Colorado River, the federal government has recently been funding programs that pay farmers to temporarily reduce water use in exchange for payments.

The average flow of the Colorado River, a major water source for seven states and northern Mexico, has shrunk about 20% since 2000, and scientists have estimated that roughly half that decline in flow has been caused by the higher temperatures. Those declines are projected to continue to worsen as temperatures climb.

The latest study is thorough and adds to previous research documenting how human-caused warming is driving what scientists describe as hot drought and aridification in the West, said Brad Udall, a climate scientist at Colorado State University.

"They found, just like all these other studies, that higher temperatures have been, and are going to be, a cause of more severe droughts as it warms in the 21st century," Udall said. "That means that we need to plan for a hotter and drier future."

Udall said Trump's win will likely mean rolling back the Biden administration's historic climate initiatives and imposing a four-year hiatus on U.S. efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions domestically and abroad.

"Unfortunately, the impacts are likely to last much longer than just four years," Udall said. "All of this means that the worst outcomes envisioned by this study will be more likely. And, of course, all the other climate change problems, like more and bigger floods, monster hurricanes, and deadly heat waves, will get worse in lockstep."

Udall said he finds it especially sad that Trump plans to freeze efforts to address climate change at a time when the country has the necessary science, technologies, policy tools and people who are working on solutions.

"We know how to solve this problem," Udall said. "Much of this will now be sidelined to pursue an anti-science agenda that will further enrich the gigantic companies that created this problem in the first place."

Toward a more sustainable California

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Climate change identified as main driver of worsening drought in the Western United States

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New research shows global warming has become the dominant driver of worsening drought in the western United States.

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-idolize by social media

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Example of Sum 41 lead singer (Deryck Whibley)

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Example of Sum 41 lead singer (Deryck Whibley)

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How AI Is Revolutionizing Professional Sports

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AI is being adopted in all areas of sports to enhance the game from athlete’s performance, to referees and judging, and fan experiences alike.

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2/ The tensions and challenges of bilingualism

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2/ The tensions and challenges of bilingualism

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1/ How important is college football in America ?

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1/ How important is college football in America ?

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Album cover of Green Day's record "American Idiot" in 2004. As the title suggests, the whole album is criticizing Americans conservators and claiming that mass media has orchestrated paranoia and idiocy among the public. (Wikipedia) To this day, the band continues to express their opinion about current topics such as D.Trump's presidential run.

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Album cover of Green Day's record "American Idiot" in 2004. As the title suggests, the whole album is criticizing Americans conservators and claiming that mass media has orchestrated paranoia and idiocy among the public. (Wikipedia) To this day, the band continues to express their opinion about current topics such as D.Trump's presidential run.

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A chaque correction de ma part, sauvegardez la nouvelle version de votre travail ailleurs que sur le padlet ( clé usb ou google drive), on est jamais trop prudent!

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A chaque correction de ma part, sauvegardez la nouvelle version de votre travail ailleurs que sur le padlet ( clé usb ou google drive), on est jamais trop prudent!

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Google to invest in satellites and AI to better detect wildfires

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FireSat, a constellation of more than 50 satellites, will be able to detect wildfires as small as the size of a classroom, about 16 by 16 feet, Google said in an announcement.

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Mental Health improved by metal and rock music (testimonial from a fan) 

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Mental Health improved by metal and rock music (testimonial from a fan) 

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NCAA college football national championship TV viewers in the United States from 2017 to 2024

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The thanksgiving game on FOX between the Giants and Cowboys averaged 38.8 million viewers.

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CalMatters is your nonprofit and nonpartisan newsroom dedicated to explaining how state government impacts our lives.

California's firefighters describe a broken and depleted fire service suffering a hidden, smoldering crisis. Across the state, Cal Fire crews that fight wildfires opened up to tell CalMatters their heart-wrenching stories - exhaustion on the firelines, weeks on duty without respite, suicidal thoughts, never-ending trauma and the terror and pain of seeing their colleagues injured or killed.

As California's wildfires intensify and burn year-round, its firefighters suffer from the increasing strain of post-traumatic stress. Decisions made while struggling with lack of sleep, long hours and stress could endanger not just the crews, but the public, too. What is the state doing to respond? Overwhelmingly, California's firefighters and mental-health experts say, "Not nearly enough." Cal Fire has been slow to address PTSD and suicides among its ranks, and firefighters routinely encounter problems getting workers' comp insurance to cover their care.

California's wildfire crews carry a heavy and growing burden: They leave the fire lines, but the fire never leaves them.
Trial by Fire, a four-part series, was reported and written by Julie Cart and edited by Marla Cone. Photography and videos were by Ariana Drehsler, Martin do Nascimento, Miguel Gutierrez Jr. and Julie Hotz. Data visualizations and analysis were by Jeremia Kimelman, Erica Yee and John D'Agostino . Illustrations were by Victor Lowe and Julie Hotz. Production by Liliana Michelena.

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Trial by fire: The trauma of fighting California's wildfires

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As California's wildfires intensify, California's firefighters suffer from the increasing strain of post-traumatic stress, fatigue and suicide.

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Chorus from the song "Crawling" (2000) by Linkin Park from the album "Hybrid Theory" (2000) about the pain felt by the singer

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Chorus from the song "Crawling" (2000) by Linkin Park from the album "Hybrid Theory" (2000) about the pain felt by the singer

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2/ Why should the NCAA start paying their players ?

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2/ Why should the NCAA start paying their players ?

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Présentation du dossier

Dans l’introduction : plan de la présentation avec une approche chronologique ou thématique des

documents.

Pensez à bien présenter les documents dans leur contexte historique et culturel, ceci peut être fait au cours de la présentation, pas nécessairement dans l'introduction.

Comme pour la synthèse écrite, organisez votre présentation en parties.

Dans la conclusion vous pouvez davantage vous engager personnellement.

Dans chaque partie référez-vous à plusieurs documents du dossier. Ne pas étudier les

documents les uns après les autres.

Utilisez les connaissances acquises en cours (origine du mouvement si cela est pertinent, contexte historique précis, réactions etc) pour enrichir la présentation.

Ménagez des transitions claires.

Justifiez le choix des documents : montrez qu'ils répondent à votre problématique et montrez en

quoi ils illustrent la thématique.

Citez des passages des documents, textes ou des parties des documents iconographiques :

As we can read in the extract from line … to line ...

I quote a passage from …

As we can see on the painting by ….

The top part of the photograph by … focuses on

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First verse of the song "Crawling" (2000) from Linkin Park from the album "Hybrid Theory"

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First verse of the song "Crawling" (2000) from Linkin Park from the album "Hybrid Theory"

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- Their names and faces are used to sell a lot of product (video games, shirts, games broadcasted on TV... )

- More than 1 Billion dollars made thanks to college football.

- Sportmans are often paid deppending on their skills and the amount that their team will win thanks to them.

- They are barely all adults, the age gap goes from 18 to 23 yo wich mean that they can legally get paid.

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Jamie Sarkonak: Ottawa's anti-anglophone crusade comes for the middle managers

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Jamie Sarkonak: Ottawa's anti-anglophone crusade comes for the middle managers

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New round of Treasury Board rules will unfairly put a pause on the careers of English-only speakers in the federal government

In the name of language rights, the federal government is trampling on the career prospects of thousands of public service employees. Why? Because they have the misfortune of not speaking advanced French.

Discriminatory though it may be, that’s the new direction at the Treasury Board of Canada, which will be requiring all new supervisors in bilingual regions (including Ottawa, where much of the public service is based) to speak official languages at a “superior” level in June 2025. Currently, supervisors in bilingual zones must speak their second official language at an “intermediate” level.

Effectively, it’s a lockdown on the career advancement of anglophones.

But that’s how it goes in Canada, where the Official Languages Act has been weaponized by the current federal government. Largely used as a shield in the past, largely to protect the country’s French-speaking language minority, the law is being wielded as a sword, justifying the retraction of opportunities from people who comprise the majority of the population.

It’s not fair, and that’s the point — like so many other “equity” measures taken by the Liberals.

For context, English speakers make up 76 per cent of the Canadian population, according to Statistics Canada. They’re also largely unilingual: outside Quebec, just over seven per cent of this group also speaks French. French speakers inside Quebec, in contrast, are roughly 40 per cent bilingual. The Treasury Board’s new rules therefore take a lot more opportunities away from English speakers around the country than they do French speakers.

Which, for this government, makes this kind of language favouritism an entirely legitimate, moral move. Monolingual Anglophones make up the majority of the population and receive their language from the historic hegemon of Canada: Britain. They’re privileged — even if they never grew up with generous exposure to French, even if they’re conducting themselves in an official language as they’re perfectly entitled to do under the Charter. Any rule that deprives this group from entering and ascending the state bureaucracy is a feature, not a bug; it’s systemic discrimination in the literal sense.

National post.com (article)

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4. Faire un compte-rendu oral de son dossier personnel

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4. Faire un compte-rendu oral de son dossier personnel

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Song "Given Up" (2007) by Linkin Park from the album "Minutes to Midnight" (2007) 

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Song "Given Up" (2007) by Linkin Park from the album "Minutes to Midnight" (2007) 

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In this song, Chester sings and screams about his mental health and his tough past.

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Given Up [Official Music Video] - Linkin Park

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NCAA Finances: Revenue and Expenses by School

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Il faut rappeler la problématique entre chaque partie et annoncer de quoi on va parler en début de chaque partie. A la fin de chaque partie, on récapitule l'idée forte de la partie puis on dis qu'on passe à la partie suivante; "now, let's move to the second part of my exposé about India as a land of contrast (par exemple). The second part deals with..., 

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Il faut rappeler la problématique entre chaque partie et annoncer de quoi on va parler en début de chaque partie. A la fin de chaque partie, on récapitule l'idée forte de la partie puis on dis qu'on passe à la partie suivante; "now, let's move to the second part of my exposé about India as a land of contrast (par exemple). The second part deals with..., 

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Chorus of the song "Given Up" (2007) by Linkin Park on the record "Minutes to Midnight" (2007)

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Chorus of the song "Given Up" (2007) by Linkin Park on the record "Minutes to Midnight" (2007)

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The Official Languages Act plays a key role in the lives of Canadians. Its purpose is to:

Ensure the equality of English and French in all institutions of the Government and Parliament of Canada;

Support the development of official language minority communities;

Foster the full recognition and use of both official languages in Canadian society; and

Clarify the powers and obligations of federal institutions with respect to official languages.

More specifically, the Act guarantees:

The equality of English and French in parliamentary proceedings and in the enactment of laws and other legislative documents;

The right of every Canadian to be heard and understood by a judge in the official language of their choice before federal courts;

The right of every Canadian to communicate with and receive services from every federal institution in the official language of their choice;

The right to work in the federal public service in the official language of one’s choice in certain regions; and

That the Government is committed to ensuring that Anglophones and Francophones have equal opportunities to pursue careers in federal institutions, and that the composition of the federal public service reflects the linguistic make-up of the Canadian population.

Finally, Part VII of the Act describes the Government’s commitment to:

1. support the development and enhance the vitality of official language minority communities; and

2. foster the full recognition and use of both English and French in Canadian society.

More specifically, the Act establishes:

The obligation of every federal institution to take positive measures to implement this commitment;

That, as part of this commitment, the Minister of Canadian Heritage takes measures to, among other things:

Directly support the development and vitality of linguistic communities;

Encourage and assist the provinces and territories to foster community development by offering provincial and municipal services in both languages;

Help the provinces and territories meet their constitutional obligation to provide official language minority communities with an education system in their language;

Encourage the public to better accept and appreciate English and French; and

Encourage and support the learning of English and French as a second language, including encouraging and assisting provinces and territories to offer school programs to this effect.

www.canada.ca

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- In may 2024 after a vote, an agreement was made between the NCAA and principle college directors in the country to pay their athletes.

- They could pay the college student the same way they pay pro players.

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ESPN website

USA Today