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https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/gems-minerals

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Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals | AMNH

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Following a major renovation, these halls reopened in 2021 and are a brilliant showcase for one of the world’s most important collections of gems and minerals.

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See End Zone binder

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See End Zone Bucket

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How well grounded is your knowledge of our planet? Test your Earth science knowledge with this interactive quiz. Then, examine your faults—and the rights answers.

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See End Zone binder

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Rocks: Drag & Drop -Identify by Name Minerals: Drag & Drop -Identify by Name

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Guess the hidden word in 6 tries. A new puzzle is available each day.

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Sign up on Sutori.com

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Log in through Mr. Martin's class on Clever.

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Check video description for the guide.

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Log in through Mr. Martin's class on Clever.

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Journal your thoughts and feelings or try bullet journalling. Read more at the link.

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Bullet Journal Ideas: For Trackers, Mental Health, & More

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Find some bullet journal ideas to organize and plan your daily, weekly, and monthly tasks and boost your well-being. *This page may include affiliate links; that means we earn from qualifying purchases of products. The bullet journal system was created by Ryder Carroll, a digital product designer, as a method for increasing productivity and organization.

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Play this game to explore how plates affect our planet. 1. Click on an orange marker to explore a place on the map. 2. Examine how tectonic plates are moving there. 3. Answer the question and read more about it!

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Animation and video about plate tectonics

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Animation and video about plate tectonics

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See Mr. Martin for paper version if necessary.

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See End Zone folder.

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See End Zone folder.

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Click on the layers to learn more

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Earthquakes and Volcanoes Interactive | PBS LearningMedia

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Explore the patterns and relationships among the locations of tectonic plate boundaries, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes on the planet. Use this resource to visualize data and provide opportunities to develop and use models.

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Here is every earthquake recorded over the last 30 days by the U.S. Geological Survey. Click on a marker for more info. This data is updated every 15 minutes.

Quakes in the last 72 hours.

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Here is every earthquake recorded over the last 30 days by the U.S. Geological Survey. Click on a marker for more info. This data is updated every 15 minutes. Quakes in the last 72 hours. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy © 2021 Oregon Live LLC.

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Alaska Volcano and Earthquake Case Study

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Alaska Volcano and Earthquake Case Study

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Ring of Fire Underwater Volcano eruption

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Ring of Fire Underwater Volcano eruption

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The "Ring of Fire" is a string of underwater volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located underwater, along the aptly named "Ring of Fire" in the Pacific Ocean. Made up of more than 450 volcanoes, the Ring of Fire stretches for nearly 40,250 kilometers (25,000 miles), running in the shape of a horseshoe (as opposed to an actual ring) from the southern tip of South America, along the west coast of North America, across the Bering Strait, down through Japan, and into New Zealand.

The Ring of Fire is the result of plate tectonics. Much of the volcanic activity occurs along subduction zones, which are convergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates come together. The heavier plate is shoved (or subducted) under the other plate. When this happens, melting of the plates produces magma that rises up through the overlying plate, erupting to the surface as a volcano.

Subduction zones are also where Earth's deepest ocean trenches are located and where deep earthquakes happen. The trenches form because as one plate subducts under another, it is bent downward. Earthquakes occur as the two plates scrape against each other and as the subducting plate bends.

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The "Ring of Fire" is a string of underwater volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located underwater, along the aptly named "Ring of Fire" in the Pacific Ocean.

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A higher estimate, however, states that about 500,000 detectable earthquakes happen each year - 100,000 of those can be felt - and about 100 of them cause damage.

What causes earthquakes?

It goes back to tectonic plates: they are always moving, albeit only slowly, but do get stuck at their edges due to friction. Earthquakes occur due to a sudden slip on a fault - or a sudden release of stress along faults - in the earth's crust.

As these plates continue to move, it leads to a steady build-up of pressure in the rock strata on both sides of a fault - until the stress becomes so great that it is released in a sudden, jerky movement.

An earthquake releases energy in "waves", measured using the Richter scale. These waves travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

Why is the Pacific Rim called the 'Ring of Fire'?

The "Pacific Ring of Fire" is near the "earthquake belt" - so called because more than 80 per cent of the total of about 1,450 active volcanoes are concentrated in this region.

It's also known as the "Rim of Fire", where volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur regularly.

Among these are 40 active volcanoes in the Andes (South America), nearly 300 in the Philippines (most of them dormant or extinct), 70 in Indonesia and 40 in Japan.

The Pacific Ocean floor forms a massive plate, which also includes the western side of the Americas. The Pacific Plate "grinds" northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year.

Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by constant "creep" resulting in many tiny shocks and a few moderate earth tremors.

Why isn't there an "Atlantic Ring of Fire", or around other oceans?

The "Pacific Ring of Fire" is a vast area, the largest ocean in the world. This rim sees active plate tectonic movements and collisions of "lithospheric" - oceanic crust with part of the upper mantle - plates.

It is through this constant movement of tectonic plates, that oceanic trenches, earthquakes, mountains and volcanoes arise.

Compared to the Pacific, however, things are much quieter in the Atlantic. While the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (which has formed Iceland) is the third most prominent earthquake belt, the Atlantic's oceanic lithospheric plate has not begun to sink along the margins - yet, according to science site phys.org.

number of known active or potentially active volcanoes around the world (excluding volcanoes on the sea floor).

One estimate states that it would take another 20 million years before the continents around the Atlantic would develop active continental margins - enough to produce more earthquakes and kick up volcanic eruptions.

How do tectonic plate collisions creates volcanoes and quakes?

As tectonic plates collide, the impact can be either of the two scenarios:

[1] The edges of one or both plates can buckle up into a mountain range;

[2] One of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench.

A "chain" of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent plate boundaries, and powerful earthquakes are common along these boundaries.

About 80 per cent of volcanoes occur along subduction zones, and 15 percent occur along rift zones. That's when the "real" fully-active subduction zones will be formed.

How many volcanoes are there in the world?

Currently, there are about 1,450 known active or potentially active volcanoes around the world. This does not include the continuous belts of volcanoes on the ocean floor at places like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. More than 3 out of 10 volcanoes - about 500 of 1,450 - have erupted in historical time.

What do volcanoes have to do with earthquakes?

They are both caused by the earth's tectonic plate movements, which results in heat and energy releasing from the Earth's core. Earthquakes can trigger volcanic eruptions through tectonic plate movements. Similarly, volcanoes can trigger earthquakes through the movement of magma within a volcano.

Mt Pinatubo, the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, is on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, an hour by car from Manila. About 800 people were killed and 100,000 became homeless when it erupted in 1991.

The events of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption began in July 1990, when a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred 100 kilometers (62 miles) northeast of the volcano's region, and was determined to result in its "reawakening".

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'Ring of fire': Why 100 big earthquakes occur each year

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A higher estimate, however, states that about 500,000 detectable earthquakes happen each year - 100,000 of those can be felt - and about 100 of them cause damage. What causes earthquakes? It goes back to tectonic plates: they are always moving, albeit only slowly, but do get stuck at their edges due to friction.

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7 Hot Facts About the Pacific Ring of Fire

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When the explorer Ferdinand Magellan visited Earth's biggest ocean in 1520, he found the waters pleasantly calm. And that's why - to this day - most people call it the Pacific Ocean, as "pacific" is a synonym for "peaceful." Oh, the irony.