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Quote: When Simon goes to his secret spot in the forest, William Golding uses light-oriented adjectives to describe the surrounding environment. The scene is displayed as, "... a place where more sunshine fell.... a bowl of heat and light... the sounds of the bright fantastic birds... honey-colored sunlight... light and riotous colors... the white tips of the flowers rose delicately to meet the open air" (Golding 56-57).

Analysis: Golding uses this description to portray Simon as a light character. He is seen to be angelic due to his good morality and helpfulness like when he gave the littl'uns the fruit from high up on the trees. He does this by using words like "sunshine", "heat", "light", "bright", "riotous colors", and "delicate". When Simon finds this gorgeous area in the jungle, filled with flowers and candle-buds, the scene becomes bright and serene. Golding's purpose it to show that not everyone on the island is a selfish savage, there are still some who are able to hold on to civility, kindness, and morality. Simon is one of the best examples of a good-hearted and selfless character due to his good nature and caring instincts.

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Quote: When Roger and Henry are at the beach, Roger starts throwing rocks in Henry's direction. However, Roger, "... threw it to miss... there was a space around Henry... where he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life" (Golding 62).

Analysis: Golding makes it evident in this scene that Roger doesn't hit Henry due to nurturing, not nature. He doesn't miss him because it's morally wrong, he misses him because he was taught not to purposely cause harm to someone, or else there would be consequences. This is an example of a quality that is not in our primitive instincts but instead a moral rule that we have been taught. Golding's purpose in displaying this is to show that some people on the island were hanging on to their "old lives". Some were still civil despite the ability to become savage. On the island, there were no adults or laws to enforce the punishments for actions like this, but, many were still accustomed to the ideologies of society back in the “old life”.

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Quote: During one of the boys' assemblies, Jack is shown to be dictator-like and power hungry when grabbing the conch for his turn to speak. Golding says, "Jack seized the conch" (Golding 36), implying that Jack took the conch forcibly.

Analysis: Golding portrays Jack as a dictator because he is disobeying the ideas of the boys' democracy. The conch's purpose is to give the power of speaking to whoever is holding it during the meetings, however, Jack takes it whenever he likes, even if someone else is sharing their ideas. This shows Jack to be a dictator because he “seizes” power from whoever rightfully has the conch. Golding's purpose of this is to make a connection between Jack and Adolf Hitler. The two display a thirst for power and dictator-like qualities by seizing power. Whether it's through the conch like Jack or territory like Hitler, both selfish dictators that have reverted to their primitive instincts.

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Quote: When Jack is hunting alone in the jungle, Golding describes Jack's savagery by explaining his body language. He is described in his primitive nature as, "... (having) eyes that in this frustration seemed bolting and nearly mad... Jack himself shrank at this cry with a hiss... ape-like... he passed like a shadow under the darkness of the tree and crouched..." (Golding 48-49).

Analysis: Golding's descriptive language shows Jack's savage instincts surfacing. Terms like, "bolting" and "nearly-mad" eyes paired with his stealth and "ape-like" actions display Jack's beast-like nature. Golding describes Jack as a savage to display that when taken away from the rules and consequences of civilization, people will lose their composure and revert to their primal instincts, seeming savage, violent, and brutal.

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Quote: After Sam and Eric alert Ralph and Piggy about their supposed "beast" sighting, the atmosphere is described as, "... darkness... full of claws, full of the awful unknown and menace... the world outside the shelter was impossibly dangerous" (Golding 99).

Analysis: This shows that the dark is associated with fear and danger. The darkness is given this negative connotation due to the uncertainty of the world around them without light. Golding describes the dark by personifying it with claws, and calling it "awful", "unknown", and "menacing". The purpose of this is to describe the boy's fear and how it is even stronger in the dark since they are uncertain of their surroundings on the island. In the dark, anything unknown and deemed threatening becomes a "beast" and outside the shelter is terrifyingly dangerous.

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Quote: Ralph shows that he still holds on to civility in the beginning of this chapter. He describes his wishes to, "... washing it (his shirt)... have a pair of scissors and cut this hair... this filthy hair right back to a half an inch. He would like to have a bath... a toothbrush too" (Golding 109).

Analysis: Ralph displays his civility by wishing to remain clean and hygienic. Many of the others have grown accustomed to their new, filthy, savage-like, appearances. However, Ralph wishes he could cut his hair, clean his clothes, take a bath, and brush his teeth. Golding does this in order to emphasize that not everyone has completely lost their civility. There are some, like Piggy, Ralph, and Simon, who have tried to hold on to bits of civility longer than others. However, towards the end of his self-reflection, Ralph realizes that he is now okay with these unhygienic conditions, unwillingly, understanding that the dirtiness is now normality. It is notable that Ralph's character is beginning to change during this chapter, he becomes more savage and buys into his id more and more.

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Quote: When Ralph tells Jack the reality of how powerless the hunters are, Jack storms off and calls a meeting-which is beyond his authority-and tries to get Ralph demoted from chief. During his speech, Jack says, "Quiet! (he) shouted... shut up!... Ralph said my hunters are no good... Ralph thinks you're cowards... he isn't a proper chief... hands up... whoever wants Ralph not to be chief." (Golding 126-127)

Analysis: This is an example of dictatorship due to Jack's uncalled-for actions. First, Jack displays an abuse of power when he calls the meeting even though he isn't allowed to do so. Then, during the meeting, he yells at the boys to "shut up", "be quiet", and to "just listen" to what he is saying. Jack goes on to defame Ralph's name and try to have him removed as chief. This shows that Jack is a dictator because he is using brutal and unethical methods to gain power and what he wants. Jack even decides that he is going to start a new tribe in order to gain the authority that he wants. Golding's purpose of this is to show the brutal actions of Hitler during WW2 through symbolism and Jack. Both are dictator-like and power-hungry. They only care about themselves and their goals, they are quick to blame, and above all, they are savage and primitive.

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Quote: When the boys are taken over by the id and savagery, they begin to chant again. Simon comes out of the forest, trying to explain to the boys about the beast but instead his fate is sealed, "Simon's dead body moved out toward the open sea" (Golding 154).

Analysis: This shows the boys being overcome by savagery, id, and evil, because the boys viciously murdered their own friend for fun. They were too caught up with their demonic chanting and ceremony that they failed to realize the extremity of their actions. Golding's purpose was to show how life on the island has driven the boys mad, causing them to become savage and forget the ideals of morality and civility.

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Quote: When Ralph is attempting to sleep, he reminisces about the old life. He dreams of civility, "His mind skated to a consideration of a tamed town where savagery could not set foot" (Golding 164).

Analysis: This shows that although Ralph has been overcome by savagery, his ego still shows past his id due to his longing for civility. This is in contrast to some of the boys, like Jack, who prefer the lawlessness and savagery of island life. The purpose of this is to show where the boys lie on the spectrum of id, ego, and superego. There are many changes and shifts to where each character lies as a result of their actions, but it is evident that Jack is most likely the id and Ralph the ego.

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Quote: After Jack forms his own tribe, he abuses his power like a dictator. He even says to Jack, "See? They do what I want" (Golding 179) showing that he has full control over his tribe.

Analysis: Jack has shown himself to be power-hungry and dictator-like all throughout the book, likewise, when he finally becomes a leader of his own tribe, he exhibits the same traits. Jack knows that his tribe will obey whatever he says. He can easily get them to do anything he says, and he uses that to his advantage. He is able to get the tribe to turn savage and even kill Piggy due to his hatred for him. Furthermore, he now is persuading the tribe to hunt and attempt to murder Ralph too. Golding shows Jack as a dictator in comparison to Hitler during WW2. He is often shown in rage, hatred, and seizing power, as an allusion to Adolf Hitler.

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Quote: When Ralph is reminiscing about the old life, he connects the boy's civility versus savagery to daytime and nighttime. He asks himself if it were possible to go back to civility, but he says, "Daylight might have answered yes, but the darkness and the horrors of death said no" (Golding 186).

Analysis: Throughout the book we see many ties of darkness to evil and savagery and light to civility and peace. Ralph openly states this fact when he asks himself why the boys couldn't just return to the old life, the darkness of savagery had taken over. If it were "still daytime" meaning if the boys hadn't been overcome by the id, it would have been possible to revert back to their old habits. Golding essentially does this to furthermore prove that the darkness and evil of humanity is savagery and the id. The superego is lightness and civility. It is difficult to act with civility when the evils of savagery have overcome your thoughts.