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The infamous and magnificent construction "Auschwitz" where Jews were exterminated by the Germans.

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I'd like to introduce the goal of this project before we start this photo essay. It is to be able to look back on historical events in order to study and evaluate the actions of our predecessors and take them into account in order to make better judgments going forward and avoid making the same mistakes they did.

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65', 9th US Marine Expeditionary Force arriving ashore at Danang, Vietnam.

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The world is a hotpot and breeding ground of different religions, ideologies, economic systems, political systems, political climates and many more beliefs and tensions held around the world.

When people hold their views as if it were their identity it would cause conflict between opposing ideas. Civil debate is always welcome for the reasonable and rational, but when people hold their views as if it were their tribe which they must defend at all costs, conflict will be inevitable in order to crush the opposing view and to defend their own.

This inevitability of conflict is seen during the Vietnam War. The war in Vietnam was a conflict between the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (North Vietnam) and the "Republic of Vietnam".

North Vietnam aligned themselves with the USSR (Soviet Union) which was a communist union who had a government controlled economy, no property rights, no freedom of speech, no gun rights and many other rights afforded to people currently in the 21st century. While South Vietnam aligned itself with the Western Bloc (USA, France, UK, Australia, NZ, etc). Although South Vietnam was aligned and recognized as the true Vietnam by the Western Bloc, it did not have all the values and properties belonging to a country within the Western Bloc. South Vietnam started as a presidential republic (1955), but it slowly turned into a dictatorship leading to the end of the war in 1975.

During the time of the Vietnam War the Cold War was occurring between the USA and the USSR. The USA is a free market economy wherein the people are the deciding factor in the economy. The USSR is a planned government economy, wherein the economy is planned and decided on by the government powers. This often meant little pay, no variety in products, poor quality of products due to lack of competition, poor working environments, etc.

Due to their difference in governance, political and economic systems, the USSR and the US became rivals. Both countries supported other countries that fell in line with their values or were against the USSR or US's values they would back the country through monetary aid, sale of military equipment, training military members or direct military assistance.

This conflict extended into Vietnam and escalated when the US arrived in Vietnam to directly support the South Vietnamese.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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44', Color Guard of the Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team, Bruyères, France.

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When the Imperial Japanese forces attacked the Americans at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; it shook the entire nation, it was an unexpected attack since the USA was neutral with Japan, but this horrible surprise attack inspired the American people, it invigorated the American society. The humungous manufacturing power of the United States went into overdrive, producing thousands of warships, thousands of fighters, bombers, tanks, rifles. The American people felt a drive to fight for their country, defend freedom and to destroy their opponents. Many Asian Americans, African Americans and Native Americans felt the drive to fight for their country and exact revenge.

Unfortunately because of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Americans were separate from the public and put in concentration camps, even the Japanese Americans born in the US. Nonetheless the government let the Japanese join the military, they served as the 442nd Infantry Regiment (1944) in the European theatre of WW2.

Despite the outlook of society on the Japanese Americans because of Pearl Harbor, the 442nd Infantry Regiment was able to make great advancements in the war, at the end of the war, the 442nd Infantry had the most military decorations out of all the units in the US military.

The Tuskegee Airmen, an unofficial group of mostly African American soldiers who served as pilots for the Army Air Corps. The Tuskegee Airmen were able to gain the respect of their fellow airmen manning the bomber crews.

Society can have a great effect on ones opinion, be it negative. Many in the past were indifferent to others just because of race, ethnicity, and religious belief, but when you truly get to know someone or when one entrusts their safety with someone else, only then can society change.

Society had people believe that non-whites, or "other" people are inferior, worse, abnormal. Conflict can bring people to work together and strive for one goal.

The achievements of these "colored" units made a great impact in the history of the US, for the most part of American history African Americans, Asian Americans were though of as lower class by society, but as people see that these people are just the same, the only difference is color, there can be change.

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2019, Palestinian protester and an Israeli soldier.

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The Vietnam War was caused and escalated driven by ideological difference. The socialist or communist North Vietnam, and the Republic of Vietnam was anti-communist.

Today many conflicts are caused by ideological differences. Difference of religious ideology, political ideology.

The current conflict ongoing between the Israelis and the Palestinians has been a brutal and violent conflict. Both Israel and Palestine claim to be the true and only owner of the land that is currently occupied or held by the Israelis. Israel and Palestine have claim to Jerusalem, the city of Jerusalem has great significance to those who practice or believe in an Abrahamic religion, Christianity, Judaism, Islam.

The Christians believe that Jerusalem was the place that Jesus Christ preached the word of God, died, and resurrected.  Many Christians make pilgrimages to Jerusalem. For the Jews Jerusalem is the core of their faith, it is where all of creation began, in Jerusalem. It is also said to be the place where Abraham offered his son Isaac to be sacrificed to God. For the Muslims Jerusalem is the site of many key events in the life of Jesus and other important figures in Islam. It is also said that traditional interpretations of the koran and other texts where the prophet muhammad ascended into heaven.

The Jews, Muslims and Christians have had a rivalry over Jerusalem and Israel for hundreds of year. Each religion holds a claim to Jerusalem as it is important in all. But the conflict between Israel and Palestine is one of ideological difference, the Palestinians wish to drive away the "evil" Zionists away from their holy land and retake Israel or Jerusalem for themselves.

I believe that different ideologies, beliefs and religions can coexist, this can be seen in the USA. America is a melting pot of different creeds, religions, races, these different people are able to coexist, be friends with each other, interact with each other, and this is done peacefully.

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Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev (Left), El Comandante Fidel Castro in Washington D.C. (Middle), President John F. Kennedy (Right)

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Brink of total destruction. The world shook in fear as the two superpowers nearly launched nuclear missiles at each. The Cuban Missile Crisis refers to the stationing of Soviet nuclear weapons south of the Florida Keys, Cuba. The closest land from Cuba to the United States is only 90 miles away. The United States is only 1201 miles away from Cuba. Cuba is a communist country, so is the former country being the USSR. The direct opposite and opposing idea to the communist ideals of the USSR and Cuba is the free market capitalist economy, which is what America has had for its entire existence, and also currently has. During the Cold War the communist nations were against the USA in ideals and militarily, although there was no direct fighting between the Communist Bloc of the USSR and the Western Bloc of the USA, it came teetering on the edge of all out conflict. This occurred during the infamous Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Soviet Union stationed nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba, which had an extremely close proximity to the USA, this becoming an extremely dangerous and alarming threat for the US government and its people.

Through negotiations, compromised and diplomacy, the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved, the Soviet Union withdrew their nuclear missiles from the island of Cuba, and US withdrew their nuclear missiles in Turkey which has a close proximity to the USSR.

From this we can take that even the two polar opposites who have a deep distaste and hatred for each other, even during crisis or disaster may solve conflicts peacefully, through compromises and diplomacy.

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67' Anti-Vietnam War protest, Harlem, New York City.

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The Vietnam War was one of the most televised conflicts in history. Many Americans were passionate and nationalistic about their fellow Americans being sent over to fight in Vietnam, but when those at home saw what was happening, their minds were changed. They saw the atrocities happening in Vietnam committed American troops. Hundreds of thousands of young people like me were angered by this, it sewed distrust in the government and politicians. They took to the streets to protest the war in Indochina. Through their valiant efforts, change was made, the government conceded and withdrew troops from Vietnam.

I feel that young Filipinos like me can take inspiration from the Vietnam War protests. Especially now because we have access to all the information we need to discern whether something is true or false, moral or immoral.

If we know that the government is doing something terrible, evil or corrupt we can protest and seek for change.

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From this photo essay, we have learnt the terrible situation that is war and conflict. Conflict has torn nations apart, caused violence, tear families apart, break up friendships and other relationships.

Some examples of this can be seen in our country; the Philippines. During the 2022 elections, the main candidates were Leni Robredo and Bong Bong Marcos

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NationalWw2Museum.org (2020) Going For Broke: The 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Retrieved from:
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/442nd-regimental-combat-team

Britannica, Everett Munez (n.d) 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/442nd-Regimental-Combat-Team

newyorker.com, Renata Adler (1965) The Price of Peace Is Confusion. Retrieved from:
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1965/12/11/the-price-of-peace-is-confusion

Reddit.com (1967) "No Vietnamese Ever Called Me Nigger.”. Retrieved from:
https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/gxzc0s/no_vietnamese_ever_called_me_nigger_antivietnam/

npr.org, Michael Sullivan (2015) In Danang, Where U.S. Troops First Landed, Memories Of War Have Faded. Retrieved from:
https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/05/02/403597845/in-danang-where-u-s-troops-first-landed-memories-of-war-have-faded

mjhnyc.org (2019) Auschwitz History: An Introduction. Retrieved from:
https://mjhnyc.org/blog/auschwitz-history-an-introduction/

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Training for the 442nd was completed in April, and on April 22, 1944, the unit left Camp Shelby in Mississippi on their journey to Europe for their first overseas assignment. They arrived in Italy in June 1944, where they began to fight alongside the 100th against Germans encamped across the country. By August, the 100th was absorbed into the 442nd, with all units serving under the motto "Go For Broke." In September 1944, the 442nd participated in the invasion of Southern France, successfully liberating French cities from Nazi occupation. The unit went on to fight with the 92nd Infantry Division, a segregated African American unit, in driving German forces out of northern Italy.

President Harry S. Truman removes his hat in front of the color guard of the 442nd.Courtesy Harry S. Truman Presidential Library

Today, the 442nd is remembered as the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of the US military. The unit, totaling about 18,000 men, over 4,000 Purple Hearts, 4,000 Bronze Stars, 560 Silver Star Medals, 21 Medals of Honor, and seven Presidential Unit Citations. Additionally, the 100th garnished their own impressive record prior to their absorption into the 442nd. In 2010, various groups and advocates, including the National Veterans Network, were successful in obtaining congressional passage of the bill S. 1055, awarding all members of the 100th and 442nd, along with the Military Intelligence Service, the Congressional Gold Medal for their heroic service in World War II.

Against the odds, the men of the 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team did "go for broke." Despite the years of suspicion and racism that prevailed at home, these Nisei men fought for their country and their ideals of freedom and democracy. They fought heroically, leaving behind a record that is still untouched today.

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asian americans and pacific islanders in world war ii

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Going For Broke: The 442nd Regimental Combat Team | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans

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The 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a segregated Japanese American unit, is remembered today for its brave actions in World War II. Despite the odds, the 442nd's actions distinguished them as the most decorated unit for its size and length of service in the history of the US military.