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No-Duty-to-Treat means American citizens have no legal right to healthcare services or public health insurance (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2016).

Health Care providers have no legal duty to provide care (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2016).

Teitelbaum, J. B., & Wilensky, S. E. (2016). Essentials of Health Policy and Law. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

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A physician, by law, can refuse to treat the patient once a relationship is not established. Still, once a person becomes a patient, the doctor must provide care and has a strict limitation to end care by law(Justice, 2022).

Justice, M. (2022, December 15). When Can You Refuse to Treat a Patient? - Medical Malpractice Insurance is Not Enough - Medical Justice. Medical Malpractice Insurance is Not Enough - Medical Justice. https://medicaljustice.com/when-can-you-refuse-to-treat-a-patient/#:~:text=Under%20the%20common%20law%20%E2%80%9Cno,strict%20limitations%20on%20ending%20it.

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The law does not mandate licensed healthcare providers to aid a stranger in medical distress, but many care providers believe in ethical obligation. Care providers hold to the moral principle of serving the patient despite their ability to pay for care (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2016).

Teitelbaum, J. B., & Wilensky, S. E. (2016). Essentials of Health Policy and Law. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

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Florida Patient's Bill of Rights and Responsibilities

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Florida Patient's Bill of Rights and Responsibilities

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Patients have the right to refuse care except if it is legally requested. They also have the right to request detailed information about their care plan and receive counseling about the financial resources available (Statutes & Constitution: View Statutes: Online Sunshine, n.d.)

Statutes & Constitution: View Statutes: Online Sunshine. (n.d.). http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.026.html#:~:text=A%20patient%20has%20the%20right%20to%20refuse%20any%20treatment%2C%20except,for%20his%20or%20her%20care.

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Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

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Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

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In 1986 Congress enacted the EMTALA Act. The EMTALA Act regulated hospitals to treat patients with medical emergencies despite the ability to pay. The hospitals became duty-bound and liable by Medicare to perform medical screening examinations for patients needing emergency care. Hospitals failing to comply violate the act, which can result in Medicare and Medicaid termination and civil monetary damages(McKoy, 2006).

LawShelf. (2020, September 25). Duty to Provide Emergency Medical Care [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MotsTdJsJco

McKoy, J. M. (2006). Obligation To Provide Services: A Physician-Public Defender Comparison. AMA Journal of Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2006.8.5.msoc1-0605

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The Affordable Care Act (ACA) became law in 2010, making the legal right to health care more plausible. ACA enables millions of low-income families to afford health insurance at an affordable premium(Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2016).

The U.S. does not have universal health insurance. As a result, citizens can get insurance from employment or federal programs like Medicare and Medicare.

Teitelbaum, J. B., & Wilensky, S. E. (2016). Essentials of Health Policy and Law. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

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No-Duty to Treat still stands today as America does not offer universal healthcare. Instead, health providers are becoming more mindful of duty of care laws. Policies like ACA and EMTALA have significantly improved Americans' ability to receive care with an affordable copay. Plus, the availability of health insurance from various federal departments and employee health insurance makes access to healthcare more accessible today. As a result, it is much harder for healthcare providers to stick to the no-duty-to-treat law without the risk of facing penalties or lawsuits.