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Robert Redford:

1) He was born on August 18, 1936
2) Was also a director.
3) Acted in a redo of Pete’s Dragon for Disney.

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Edit History

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Robert Redford | Biography, Movies, & Facts

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Robert Redford, in full Charles Robert Redford, Jr., (born August 18, 1936, Santa Monica, California, U.S.), American motion-picture actor and director known for his boyish good looks, diversity of screen characterizations, commitment to environmental and political causes, and founding the Sundance…

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School House Rock!:

1) Played every Saturday morning.
2) Contains songs about different subjects. Anything for people to learn about!
3) There were a lot of episodes about American history.

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On Saturday mornings, the three-minute Emmy Award-winning musical vignettes of "Schoolhouse Rock" educated children about math, grammar, science, history and finance. (ABC Photo Archives/Walt Disney Television via Getty Images)

" Schoolhouse Rock," the animated Saturday morning children's television series that ran on ABC mostly from 1973 through 1979 (though there were also new episodes in 1995-1996 and 2009), has reached millions of viewers over the past half-century.

Middle-aged Americans who were immersed in Saturday morning cartoons as children of the pre-cable, pre-Internet era can still quote "Schoolhouse Rock" lyrics about conjunctions ("Conjunction junction, what's your function?"), the nervous system ("there's a telegraph line, you got yours and I got mine; it's called the nervous system") and the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution ("we the people, in order to form a more perfect union"). Multiple generations now know these songs through DVDs, YouTube, Disney Plus and a popular stage musical that remains a staple of children's theater programs. Not many instructional projects have matched the lasting popularity achieved by this series of three-minute videos.

And many of the videos have held up well, continuing to provide a strong foundation on subjects ranging from arithmetic to grammar to civics. Yet when the show turned to historical interpretation, its episodes were problematic even in its own time. Its history-centered season, "America Rock," ran from September 1975 through July 1976, as the United States was celebrating its bicentennial. Not surprisingly, the show adopted a celebratory rather than a critical perspective on the nation's past, focused almost exclusively on White people's stories and predominantly on men.

As the program nears its 50th anniversary, "Schoolhouse Rock" could accelerate an ongoing process of remixing rather than banishing outdated children's products. Hasbro has added gender-neutral Potato Heads, Mattel has diversified Barbie, and Marvel has introduced a Pakistani-American Muslim superhero. New "Schoolhouse"episodes might further this modernization process by reframing historical thinking, as well as representation for the United States' 250th birthday.

"America Rock" suffered from two major shortcomings. First, the episodes alternately ignored and distorted the country's racist past. "No More Kings," the episode on American independence, presented the revolutionaries as direct descendants of "the Pilgrims." This choice allowed writers to avoid the topic of slavery. "Elbow Room," the episode on western settlement, downplays violence and focuses exclusively on White people, with the exception of four seconds on Sacagawea.

The people of color who did appear in "America Rock" were stereotyped and passive. In "Mother Necessity," the narrator sings over the melody of "Dixie" that Eli Whitney's cotton gin "did the work of a hundred men," while the cartoon shows two smiling men of ambiguous race using the new technology under the supervision of an aristocratic man in a white suit and panama hat who is clearly suggestive of an enslaver. The episode on immigration includes racist images of Asians similar to the ones in the discontinued Dr. Seuss books. It also features Lady Liberty holding a recipe for "The Great American Melting Pot," with its ingredients including an array of immigrants from Poles to Armenians to Cubans. Yet the diverse continent of cultures from Morocco to Mozambique is amalgamated as "Africans."

These interpretations were a product of "Schoolhouse Rock's" limited budget and cautious ideological mandate. ABC launched the program in response to criticism from grass-roots organizations like Action for Children's Television about the excessive commercialism of Saturday morning television, and then handed the project to its advertising firm with no funding for support from educators or historians. Any hint of ideological controversy made the network executives skittish; an episode titled " Three Ring Government " was shelved due to fear that its comparison of the U.S. government to a circus would offend the FCC.

The representations that emerged from this process also exemplified "America Rock's" less obvious shortcoming: its broader pattern of presenting historical narratives of progress without conflict. These episodes relied on an outdated model of history that honored the past without investigating it. When "No More Kings" presented an American Revolution with no actual warfare, and "Sufferin 'Till Suffrage" explained that female suffragists "carried signs and marched in lines, until at long last the law was passed," they overlooked the struggles required to bring about these transformative changes. Instead they suggested that people merely had to set their mind to the task and it was done.

The small number of history-centered children's television programs that have followed "Schoolhouse Rock" have improved upon its lack of diversity. The 2005 PBS show " The Time Warp Trio" (on which I served as a historical consultant) focused on subjects such as Sacagawea and the 17th-century ruler Nzinga of Ndongo to insert women and people of color back into historical narratives and recognize them as influencers of historical change. Netflix's 2018 " The Who Was? Show " built each episode around two famous historical figures, juxtaposing diverse individuals such as Marie Antoinette and Louis Armstrong or Genghis Khan and George Washington Carver to illuminate a range of historical perspectives.

However, even these more recent shows continue to struggle with presenting the complicated, often arduous process that historical figures endured to procure changes to their societies. The 2002 PBS animated program " Liberty's Kids," which probably offered the most sophisticated historical narrative ever presented on children's television, taught the American Revolution from the perspectives of patriots and loyalists, women and men, enslaved people, free Blacks and even the small number of Hispanics and Jews in the American colonies. It effectively highlighted how the goals of this diverse combination of Americans did not always align with the interests of the emerging nation.

Yet even "Liberty's Kids" made story choices that,in the words of historian Andrew Schocket, "obscure the possibility of understanding the structures that bound" many Americans, "much less the architects, builders, and maintainers of those structures."When the show allowed Sarah, its female protagonist, to wander the colonies without restraint or supervision and Cato, the only enslaved character, to simply run away to freedom, it, in Schocket's words, left 18th-century America "only distinguishable from 21st-century America in its hairstyles and hemlines."

With state boards of education currently seeking to ban schools from teaching about racism and sexism as systemic problems, young viewers need programming that further revises the instructional patterns that "Schoolhouse Rock" established. Representing and teaching history in all of its messiness requires programming that provides an understanding of structural inequality in this country, and balances the celebration of national ideals of freedom and equality with an exploration of the persistent, but often unsuccessful, quest by a diverse array of people to achieve those ideals.

This is possible, as illustrated by a small subset of recent children's picture books that teach difficult historical subjects to elementary school audiences through diverse representation and examples of systemic discrimination. " Freedom Summer" highlights the friendship between a Black boy and White boy in Mississippi in 1964. They are excited to play in their town's newly desegregated pool, but soon discover that the county government prefers to fill the pool with concrete rather than allow them to swim together. The book ends with the boys consciously challenging Jim Crow policies, as they nervously enter a store to purchase ice pops arm in arm.

" Ruth and the Green Book" uses a family's trip from Chicago to Alabama to visit a grandmother during the 1950s to illuminate how segregation laws increased the difficulty and danger of traveling for Black families. And in " When We Were Alone," a Native American grandmother explains to her granddaughter how the choices she makes as an adult - wearing bright colors, speaking Cree, growing her hair long and spending time with her brother - are a product of her childhood experiences at a segregated boarding school that did not allow her these freedoms.

The approaching 50th anniversary of "Schoolhouse Rock" offers a ripe opportunity to bring these sorts of lessons to television. The program's three-minute format seems particularly suited to online viral culture, and to young viewers' growing preferences for watching videos online.

As young people grow up in an era of heightened disinformation, amid a battle over the nation's history, bringing them the best version of that history - one that teaches them to think critically - will be crucial to raising the next generation of U.S. citizens. A remixed "Schoolhouse Rock" that helped to achieve this goal could enhance the program's already formidable legacy.

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Perspective | The return of 'Schoolhouse Rock' could pave the way for better knowledge of history

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" Schoolhouse Rock," the animated Saturday morning children's television series that ran on ABC mostly from 1973 through 1979 (though there were also new episodes in 1995-1996 and 2009), has reached millions of viewers over the past half-century.

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Chevrolet Monte Carlo:

1) Sold at ¼ of a million in 1973.
2) Started selling at over 3,000 dollars.
3) Inspiration for the car came from the car Pontiac Grand Prix.

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Chevrolet Monte Carlo has been different things at different times but was undoubtedly one of the most iconic nameplates that Chevrolet ever came up with. Named after the city of Monte Carlo of the Principality of Monaco, the name inspired luxury, dreams, and a life one could probably never afford. But at least one could afford the car, right?

RELATED: 5 Chevrolet Cars With A Short Life Span (& 5 That Will Last Forever)

It was formally introduced in 1969 and stayed on till 1987, post which it was retired. Revived in 1994, the nameplate was finally laid to rest in 2007. Is there a third coming? No word from Chevrolet as of now, and with sedans on low popularity, it does look a bit dicey. Here are ten things you may not have known about the Chevrolet Monte Carlo.

10/10 Based Off The Pontiac Grand Prix

In 1968, GM introduced strict wheelbase policies about sizing. But in 1969, they also launched the Pontiac Grand Prix, which was a lot longer than what A-body cars were supposed to be. This became known as the A-body special and later, the G-body.

The Monte Carlo was envisaged as the Chevrolet version of the Pontiac Grand Prix but was no rebadged model of its sibling. Design and visual cues were shared with the Chevrolet Chevelle while the styling was modeled, keeping the Cadillac El Dorado in mind. The 1969 Chevrolet Monte Carlo became the poor man's El Dorado, considering it was priced lower.

9/10 Its Filename Was Concours

At the time, Chevrolet had a penchant for naming all of its sedans with a "C" - think Camaro, Corvette, Citation, Chevelle, Chevette, and so on. So Monte Carlo was quite the deviation from the line, though it came out later that the name on the file for the Monte Carlo was actually Concours.

Initially developed by Pete Estes, who was the Chevrolet de facto head at the time - the Monte Carlo was formally introduced by John DeLorean. In case the name seems familiar, yes, this was the guy behind the rise of the DMC DeLorean and its eventual fall. At the time of the Monte Carlo's launch, DeLorean headed Chevrolet.

8/10 The 1970 Monte Carlo

Launched in 1969 as the 1970 model, the standard power mill of the Monte Carlo was the Chevrolet 5/7-liter "Turbo-Fire" small block V8. When paired with a two-barrel carburetor, it was good for 250 horses. With a four-barrel carburetor, the ponies were raised to 300. It was priced starting $3,123, a little above the Malibu.

Due to a factory strike, there were less than projected numbers of Monte Carlos made for the debut year - but in a way, this created even more demand for the car as it started to sell well. A nippy real-wheel-drive, the Monte Carlo offered great value for money and came with more engine options as well to please just about every pocket and need.

7/10 The All-Powerful SS454

We've seen this the SuperSport 454 tag on other Chevy and GM cars as well, and it was no less potent in the Monte Carlo. The Monte Carlo SS454 package was priced at $420 over and above the base price of the car - and while they weren't many takers of it in 1970, 1971-72 were good sales years for it.

RELATED: Chevrolet's 10 Most Badass Muscle Cars, Ranked

The engine was the 7.4-liter Turbo-Jet 454 and paired with a four-barrel carburetor, jetted a cool 360 horses. Better tires and suspension were included for the car to be able to take the road at high speeds, and it came with a three-speed automatic transmission.

6/10 Major Selling Point

The second-generation Monte Carlo debuted in 1973 and proved to be a whopper of a sales year for Chevrolet, with over 250,000 Monte Carlos leaving for happy homes and garages from the dealers. The looks of this model were more modern than the debut year's, and buyers appreciated the Euro-styling of their favorite sedan.

Not to be outdone by 1973, 1974 sales went even higher to 300,000 plus - prompting other carmakers to join in the powerful sedan frenzy. Despite the Arab oil embargo and stricter emission norms, people continued to line up for the Monte Carlo. The full-sized sedan lasted till 1977, and the sales still were on a high with over 400,000 S and Landau Coupes being sold.

5/10 The 1978 Downsizing

Finally, GM had to toe the line and downsized all sedans and full-size cars to make them more gasoline and emission savvy. In 1978, the third generation of the Monte Carlo came into play, this time as a two-door coupe with ponies ranging from 125 to 160.

A far cry from the 360 horses of the 1971 Monte Carlo SS454 but the need of the day was for smaller cars that guzzled less gas and gave out fewer emissions. Sales did take a hit but at the time, Chevrolet was not overly concerned - every car company was taking a blow, and Chevrolet was no different.

4/10 The Fourth Generation Rests

In 1981, further restyling of the Monte Carlo took place to make it look smoother and in time with the times, so to speak. With the car market still reeling from the oil embargo and the emissions rules, engines had to be kept underpowered and so the fourth generation of the Monte Carlo could also not hold a candle to the power of the first and second generation.

By now, its glorious NASCAR run also came to an end, because this underpowered car could not compete with the bigger and better models on the circuit. From 60,000 produced in 1987 to 30,000 in 1988 - the Monte Carlo legacy wound to an end in 1988.

3/10 The 1995 Revival

Replaced by the Chevrolet Lumina at the end of the 80s, 1995 saw a revival of the Monte Carlo nameplate. However, it was more of a stand-in than a standalone car, with Lumina carrying on the sedan end of the business and Monte Carlo getting the coupe end.

RELATED: The 10 Most Disappointing Cars Chevrolet Ever Made

For 1995, sales did manage to reach 100,000 as a glory call to what the Monte Carlo stood for, but this was only one year. From 1996 to 1999, sales were in the 60,000-70,000 ballpark figures, which may not be astronomical but worked to keep this nameplate alive and kicking. The Monte Carlo continued its roll.

2/10 The Retro Sixth Generation

2000 brought with it a fresher Monte Carlo, though this time it tried to hark its styling back to the time of its greatness. From 2000 to 2005, Chevrolet brought back the Impala nameplate for the sedan and kept the Monte Carlo nameplate for the coupe, retiring the Lumina nameplate.

This was also the time they launched plenty of Monte Carlo specials to celebrate racing greats. There was the 2002 Dale Earnhardt Signature / Intimidator edition; in 2003, it was the Jeff Gordon edition, and in 2004, it was Dale Jr edition. Each edition featured special engine and body styling replete with racing stripes and badges, and only a limited run of these models was made.

1/10 A Final Resting For The Monte Carlo

The 2006-2007 models of the Monte Carlo were the last and final of its life. Restyled as they were, Chevrolet retired the Monte Carlo nameplate citing that it may eat into the sales of the Chevrolet Camaro. It would be good to remember the greatness of the Monte Carlo in NASCAR as well.

It did exceedingly well for its first two generations though the dominant cars were from 1973 to 1977. The 1995 Monte Carlo also enjoyed race track success till 2007, post which it was replaced by the Impala and then finally the Camaro. A great performer, the classic car bazaar still hunts avidly for the rare forms of the Monte Carlo.

NEXT: Chevrolet's 10 Most Badass Truck Models, Ranked

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10 Things You Didn't Know About The Chevrolet Monte Carlo

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Chevrolet Monte Carlo has been different things at different times but was undoubtedly one of the most iconic nameplates that Chevrolet ever came up with. Named after the city of Monte Carlo of the Principality of Monaco, the name inspired luxury, dreams, and a life one could probably never afford.

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Watches:
Quartz watches were very popular.
Dresses:
Dresses were usually in a prairie, disco, or athletic style.
Jeans:
What started as jeans made to fit around farmers' boots changed to become the bell-bottom jeans that everyone wore to dances and special occasions.

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70s Watches: How Do 1970s Watches Differ From Today?

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70s watches are beginning to pop up and, they’re as bold, bright, and beautiful as ever. To learn all about 70s watches, read on!

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Barbie dolls: They were sold at $1.94!
Talky Crissy Doll: This doll's hair grows!
Vintage Easy Bake Oven: Came with baking supplies for little kids to be able to cook on their own with the oven and tools.

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The Seventies Era Toys on this page Barbie Dolls & Accessories, Atari 400 Home Computer System, Easy Bake Oven, Pocket Transistor Radios, Hot Wheels Track and Cars, Silly Putty, Talky Crissy Doll, Eight Track Portable Music Player, Hoppity Hops, Hungry Hungry Hippos, Simon Says, Charlie's Angels Dolls, Star Ship Enterprise, Pogo Sticks, Foosball and many more from the 1970s
In the 1970s, some major advances in computer technology started to influence children's toys during the decade as evident in the simply computerized game of Simon and the development of the Atari computer and gaming system. Popular culture also continued to greatly influence the types that were available, with many youngsters being able to recreate their favorite movies or television shows with matching actions figures and dolls. Picking only a few was a hard task as I could easily have included 100 +, if you check on the right hand side of the page you will see our other Years from the 1970's which include more than 250 other Vintage Toys from the Seventies.
Vintage Easy Bake Oven
Manufacturer: Kenner
Price: $10.99
Description Easy Bake Oven unit includes cake mixes and utensils. It is always fun for young cooks to prepare and serve their own food, just select a mix, add water and place pan into tray then slide into oven. Oven measures 14 x 6 x 11 inches.
From Our 1972 Toys Page

Atari 400 Home Computer System (Came Out In 1979)
Manufacturer: Atari
Price: $594.95
Description One of the earliest home computer systems available to the general public, the Atari 400 Home Computer System which included Console, basic language cartridge, TV Switch box to plug into your TV and AC Adapter, this was an expensive item if you consider the average wage at the time was under $20,000 but they sold like hot cakes.
From Our 1979 Toys Page

1970s Barbie Dolls & Accessories
Malibu Barbie
Price: $1.94
Barbie's Fashion Bouquet/Accessories
Price: $3.99
Barbie's and Friends On The Go Cars
Price: $3.89
The Barbie Doll Designer Original Collection
Price: From $2.85
Manufacturer: Mattel
Description Barbie Dolls were popular through out the 70s and still are today, they have changed and evolved each year to cater for the latest fashions and trends, these are from 1971.
From Our 1971 Toys Page

Hot Wheels Mongoose Track
Price: $6.88
Drag Shute Stunt Track
Price: $3.99
Set of 4 Hotwheels Cars
Price: $3.44
Description Anything with cars will always be popular, every boy wanted Hot Wheels cars and tracks for Christmas and Birthdays.

Punch Me Toys
Price: $2.97 to $4.97
Description Punch Me's including Frankenstein Monster Squad, Snoopy as Joe Cool, Welcome Back Kotter, King Kong and Batman.
From Our 1977 Toys Page

Hoppity Hops
Price: From $5.88 to $8.88
Description Hoppity Hops are big bouncy balls you will want to ride for hours.

Walkie Talkie Sets
Price: $13.88
Description Walkie Talkie sets were popular with kids of all ages and genders.

Charlie's Angels Dolls
Manufacturer: Hasbro
Price: $4.17 each
Description Charlie's Angels Dolls featuring Jill (Farah Fawcett), Sabrina (Kate Jackson), and Kelly (Jacyln Smith) in jumpsuits and boots with posable 8 1/2 inch plastic bodies.

Lionel Train Set
Manufacturer: Lionel
Price: From $21.99 to $49.66
Description Like the car racing sets, train sets were popular and none were better than those from Lionel who had been making them for 30 years.
From Our 1974 Toys Page

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Popular Vintage 1970s Toys including Photos, Descriptions and Prices

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The Seventies Era Toys on this page Barbie Dolls & Accessories, Atari 400 Home Computer System, Easy Bake Oven, Pocket Transistor Radios, Hot Wheels Track and Cars, Silly Putty, Talky Crissy Doll, Eight Track Portable Music Player, Hoppity Hops, Hungry Hungry Hippos, Simon Says, Charlie's Angels Dolls, Star Ship Enterprise, Pogo Sticks, Foosball and many more from the 1970s In the 1970s, some major advances in computer technology started to influence children's toys during the decade as evident in the simply computerized game of Simon and the development of the Atari computer and gaming system.