# data[].attributes.body
In my book " Aquamarine" I predict that it will be about mermaids.The cover of this book looks to be about a girl she is in the water with a mermaid tail which has led me to think this. However, the story I think this book will be base on will be in summer because when I think about going swimming or going to the beach or even about mermaids it is always sunny outside like the summer time. since I predict this story is in summer I would say the girl in the front cover would have a group of friends that will also be a mermaid. Lastly because they are mermaids they would travel so I think they would go to an island such as Australia and have a cave they would make as their home.

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The main character in my book is Carlos, Carlos has a strong passion for soccer. He is trying out for a team called Chivas as inspiration of his grandpa. He was a professional soccer player who inspired Carlos. Carlos's grandpa played for the Chivas who later on passed away, however when Carlos was trying out he saw completion that made him have doubt in making the team as there was only one spot left. Finally Carlos saw the Chivas coach walking towards him after tryouts. Impressed the coach told him good hustle and gave him the spot. He made himself proud as well as his grandpa.

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The main character in my book is Viji. Viji is 11 years old and lives with her parents and her sister. Rukku and Viji flee their home once their father starts abusing them. They find shelter under an abandoned bridge where they meet 2 homeless boys. Viji begins to feel guilty but knows they must do what they have to do to survive.

# data[].attributes.headline
#5-Character(s)  Book Title: Romeo and Juliet

# data[].attributes.subject
#5-Character(s)  Book Title: Romeo and Juliet

# data[].attributes.body
At the beginning of my book, Shakespeare introduces the city of Verona, where two families have been enemies for a long time. The Montagues and the Capulets. Their hatred is so strong that even the servants of each house take part in the quarrels. The play begins with a flight in the street between servants of both families, which quickly turns into a brawl with drawn swords. The violence goes so far that the Prince of Verona has to intervene to stop it, warning that anyone who disturbs the peace again will be sentenced to death. After this confrontation, we meet Romeo Montague, a young man who is melancholic and depressed. His friends, among them Benvolio, notice he is distant and ask him what is wrong, Romeo confesses that he is deeply in love, but his love is not returned. The woman he loves has decided to remain distant and not give herself to anyone. This impossible love consumes him with sadness. Meanwhile, in the Capulet household, Count Paris speaks with Lord Capulet to ask for the hand of his daughter Juliet. Although Paris is a noble and respected man, Capulet believes Juliet is still too young to marry, since she is only thirteen years old. However, he invites Paris to attend a grand ball he will host that very evening, suggesting that he try to win her over there and earn her heart.

# data[].attributes.headline
#5 Characters Book title: The hunger games Catching Fire

# data[].attributes.subject
#5 Characters Book title: The hunger games Catching Fire

# data[].attributes.body
The main character of the book is named Katniss Everdeen. Katniss is 17 years old and is the victor of the 74th hunger games. Unfortunately she has to be brought back into the games for the third Quarter Quell anniversary along with her old distract partner Peeta Mellark. Before the games started Katniss made a plan with Haymitch Abernathy to keep Peeta alive no matter what. While training in the games she has decided to make some ally's, From district 3 Beetee Latier and Wiress, From district 4 Finnick Odair and Mags Flanagan and from district 7 Johanna Mason.

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#1 - Predict                                                             Book Title: Gearbreakers

# data[].attributes.subject
#1 - Predict                                                             Book Title: Gearbreakers

# data[].attributes.body
I predict that the main character Bellsona Steelcrest who had completed her training and that is about to take a test on whether she can fight in a mech called Valkyrie that are generally called "gods" in the book she will have to face monsters of some sort of other people with mechs.Another thing it suggest she will fight in the future is that her superior Ether says "you better not die and embarrass me,child".Another reason is that she instinctively attacked when someone said something from behind when she was admiring the mech because she was trained to attack instead of flinching.

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In the book of "Concerning hobbits" I have read that short people known as Hobbits are an unobtrusive that are ancient. Another thing I learned is that they love the peace and quiet. Also something else I learned is that they don't or like machines, but are very skillful with their own tools. Did you know that Hobbits have sharp-eyed and quick hearing? Because I didn't know that I really just thought they were to fat to hurry like in the movies ''They are quick of hearing and sharp-eyed"

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This article is about the film series released between 2001 and 2003. For other films based on The Lord of the Rings, see Middle-earth in film.

The Lord of the Rings

Directed by | Peter Jackson

Screenplay by

Fran Walsh

Philippa Boyens

Peter Jackson

Stephen Sinclair TT

Based on

The Lord of the Rings
by J. R. R. Tolkien

Produced by

Barrie M. Osborne

Peter Jackson

Fran Walsh

Tim Sanders FOTR

Starring

Elijah Wood

Ian McKellen

Liv Tyler

Viggo Mortensen

Sean Astin

Cate Blanchett

John Rhys-Davies

Christopher Lee

Billy Boyd

Dominic Monaghan

Orlando Bloom

Hugo Weaving

Andy Serkis

Sean Bean

Cinematography | Andrew Lesnie

Edited by

John Gilbert FOTR

Michael Horton TT

Jamie Selkirk ROTK

Music by | Howard Shore

Production
companies

New Line Cinema

WingNut Films

Distributed by | New Line Cinema

Release date

2001–2003

Running time

Total (3 films):

558 minutes (theatrical)

686 minutes (extended)

Countries

New Zealand

United States

Language | English

Budget

Total (3 films):
$281 million

Box office

Total (3 films):
$2.991 billion

The Lord of the Rings is a series of three epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson, based on the novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003). Produced and distributed by New Line Cinema with the co-production of WingNut Films, the series is an international venture between New Zealand and the United States. The films feature an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Andy Serkis and Sean Bean.

Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins as he and the Fellowship embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring, to ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron. The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest with his loyal companion Sam and the treacherous Gollum. Meanwhile, Aragorn, heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, along with Legolas, Gimli, Boromir, Merry, Pippin and the wizard Gandalf, unite to save the Free Peoples of Middle-earth from the forces of Sauron and rally them in the War of the Ring to aid Frodo by distracting Sauron's attention.

The three films were shot simultaneously and entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand from 11 October 1999 until 22 December 2000, with pick-up shots done from 2001 to 2004. It was one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with a budget of $281 million. The first film in the series premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 10 December 2001; the second film premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on 5 December 2002; the third film premiered at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington on 1 December 2003. An extended edition of each film was released on home video a year after its release in cinemas.

The Lord of the Rings is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential film series ever made. It was a major financial success and is among the highest-grossing film series of all time with $2.991 billion in worldwide receipts. Each film was critically acclaimed, with high praise for their innovative special effects, acting, set design, musical score and emotional depth, and heavily awarded, the series winning 17 out of its 30 Academy Award nominations.

In 2021, The Fellowship of the Ring was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[1]

Films[edit]

The Fellowship of the Ring[edit]

In the Second Age of Middle-earth, the lords of Elves, Dwarves, Men are given Rings of Power. Unbeknownst to them, the Dark Lord Sauron forges the One Ring in Mount Doom, instilling into it a great part of his power, in order to dominate the other Rings so he might conquer Middle-earth. A final alliance of Men and Elves battles Sauron's forces in Mordor. Isildur of Gondor severs Sauron's finger and the Ring with it, thereby vanquishing Sauron and returning him to spirit form. With Sauron's first defeat, the Third Age of Middle-earth begins. The Ring's influence corrupts Isildur, who takes it for himself and is later killed by Orcs. The Ring is lost in a river for 2,500 years until it is found by Gollum, who owns it for over four and a half centuries. The ring abandons Gollum and it is subsequently found by a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins, who is unaware of its history.

Sixty years later, Bilbo celebrates his 111th birthday in the Shire, reuniting with his old friend, the wizard Gandalf the Grey. Bilbo departs the Shire for one last adventure, and he leaves his inheritance, including the Ring, to his nephew Frodo. Gandalf investigates the Ring, discovers its true nature, and learns that Gollum was captured and tortured by Sauron's Orcs, revealing two words during his interrogation: "Shire" and "Baggins." Gandalf returns and warns Frodo to leave the Shire. As Frodo departs with his friend, gardener Samwise Gamgee, Gandalf rides to Isengard to meet with the wizard Saruman, but discovers his alliance with Sauron, who has dispatched his nine undead Nazgûl servants to find Frodo.

Frodo and Sam are joined by fellow hobbits Merry and Pippin, and they evade the Nazgûl before arriving in Bree, where they are meant to meet Gandalf. However, Gandalf never arrives, having been taken prisoner by Saruman. The hobbits are then aided by a Ranger named Strider, who promises to escort them to Rivendell; however, they are ambushed by the Nazgûl on Weathertop, and their leader, the Witch-King, stabs Frodo with a Morgul blade. Arwen, an Elf and Strider's beloved, locates Strider and rescues Frodo, summoning flood-waters that sweep the Nazgûl away. She takes him to Rivendell, where he is healed by the Elves. Frodo meets with Gandalf, who escaped Isengard on a Great Eagle. That night, Strider reunites with Arwen, and they affirm their love for each other.

Facing the threat of both Sauron and Saruman, Arwen's father, Lord Elrond, decides against keeping the Ring in Rivendell. He holds a council of Elves, Men, and Dwarves, also attended by Frodo and Gandalf, that decides the Ring must be destroyed in the fires of Mount Doom. Frodo volunteers to take the Ring, accompanied by Gandalf, Sam, Merry, Pippin, Elf Legolas, Dwarf Gimli, Boromir of Gondor, and Strider—who is actually Aragorn, Isildur's heir and the rightful King of Gondor. Bilbo, now living in Rivendell, gives Frodo his sword Sting, and a chainmail shirt made of mithril.

The Fellowship of the Ring makes for the Gap of Rohan, but discover it is being watched by Saruman's spies. They instead set off over the mountain pass of Caradhras, but Saruman summons a storm that forces them to travel through the Mines of Moria. After finding the Dwarves of Moria dead, the Fellowship is attacked by Orcs and a cave troll. They hold them off but are confronted by Durin's Bane: a Balrog residing within the mines. While the others escape, Gandalf fends off the Balrog and casts it into a vast chasm, but the Balrog drags Gandalf down into the darkness with him. The devastated Fellowship reaches Lothlórien, ruled by the Elf-queen Galadriel, who privately informs Frodo that only he can complete the quest and that one of his friends in the Fellowship will try to take the Ring. Meanwhile, Saruman creates an army of Uruk-hai in Isengard to find and kill the Fellowship.

The Fellowship travels by river to Parth Galen. Frodo wanders off and is confronted by Boromir, who tries to take the Ring as Lady Galadriel had predicted. Uruk-hai scouts then ambush the Fellowship, mortally wounding Boromir as he fails to stop them from taking Merry and Pippin as prisoners. Aragorn arrives and comforts Boromir as he dies, promising to help the people of Gondor in the coming conflict. Fearing the Ring will corrupt his friends, Frodo decides to travel to Mordor alone, but allows Sam to come along, recalling his promise to Gandalf to look after him. As Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli set out to rescue Merry and Pippin, Frodo and Sam make their way down the mountain pass of Emyn Muil, journeying on to Mordor.

The Two Towers[edit]

Awakening from a dream of Gandalf fighting the Balrog in Moria, Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee find themselves lost in the Emyn Muil near Mordor and discover they are being tracked by Gollum, a former bearer of the One Ring. Capturing Gollum, Frodo takes pity and allows him to guide them, reminding Sam that they will need Gollum's help to infiltrate Mordor.

Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli pursue a band of Uruk-hai to save their companions Merry and Pippin, entering the kingdom of Rohan. The Uruk-hai are ambushed by a group of Rohirrim, allowing the Hobbits to escape into Fangorn Forest. Meeting Aragorn's group, the Rohirrim's leader Éomer explains that he and his men have been exiled by Rohan's king, Théoden, who is under the control of Saruman and his servant Gríma Wormtongue. Éomer believes Merry and Pippin were killed during the raid but leaves the group two horses. Searching for the Hobbits in Fangorn, Aragorn's group encounters Gandalf, who after his fight against the Balrog was resurrected as Gandalf the White to help save Middle-earth.

Gandalf leads the trio to Rohan's capital, Edoras, where Gandalf frees Théoden from Saruman's control. Aragorn stops Théoden from executing Wormtongue, who flees. Learning of Saruman's plans to destroy Rohan with his Uruk-hai army, Théoden evacuates his citizens to the fortress of The Hornburg at Helm's Deep. Gandalf departs to find Éomer and his followers, hoping they will fight for their restored king. Aragorn befriends Théoden's niece, Éowyn, who becomes infatuated with him. When the refugees travelling to Helm's Deep are attacked by Saruman's Warg-riding Orcs, Aragorn falls from a cliff and is presumed dead. He is found by his horse Brego and rides to Helm's Deep, witnessing Saruman's army marching to the fortress.

In Rivendell, Arwen is told by her father Elrond that Aragorn will not return. He reminds her that if she remains in Middle-earth, she will outlive Aragorn by thousands of years, and she reluctantly departs for Valinor. Elrond is contacted by Galadriel of Lothlórien, who convinces him that the Elves should honour their alliance to men, and they dispatch an army of Elves to Helm's Deep.

In Fangorn, Merry and Pippin meet Treebeard, an Ent. Convincing Treebeard that they are allies, they are brought to an Ent Council, where the Ents decide not to take part in the coming war. Pippin asks Treebeard to take them in the direction of Isengard, where they witness the deforestation caused by Saruman's war effort. Enraged, Treebeard and the Ents storm Isengard, trapping Saruman in his tower.

Aragorn arrives at Helm's Deep, bringing word that Saruman's army is close and Théoden must prepare for battle despite being vastly outnumbered. The army of Elves from Lothlórien arrives, as does Saruman's army, and a battle ensues. The Uruk-hai breach the outer wall with explosives and during the ensuing charge kill the Elves' commander, Haldir. The defenders retreat into the keep, where Aragorn convinces Théoden to meet the Uruk-hai in one last charge. At dawn, as the defenders are overwhelmed, Gandalf and Éomer arrive with the Rohirrim, turning the tide of the battle. The surviving Uruk-hai flee into Fangorn Forest and are killed by the Ents. Gandalf warns that Sauron will retaliate.

Gollum leads Frodo and Sam through the Dead Marshes to the Black Gate, but recommends they enter Mordor by another route. Frodo and Sam are captured by Rangers of Ithilien led by Faramir, brother of the late Boromir. Frodo helps Faramir catch Gollum to save him from being killed by the Rangers. Learning of the One Ring, Faramir takes his captives to Gondor to bring the ring to his father Denethor. Passing through the besieged city of Osgiliath, Frodo tries to explain to Faramir the true nature of the ring, and Sam explains that Boromir was driven mad by its power. A Nazgûl nearly captures Frodo, who falls under the ring's power, but Sam saves him and reminds him that they are fighting for the good still left in Middle-earth. Impressed by Frodo's resolve, Faramir releases them. Gollum decides to betray Frodo and reclaim the Ring by leading the group to "Her" upon arriving at Cirith Ungol.

The Return of the King[edit]

The hobbit Sméagol is fishing with his cousin Déagol, who discovers the One Ring in the river. Sméagol's mind is ensnared by the Ring, and he kills his cousin for it. Increasingly corrupted physically and mentally, he retreats into the Misty Mountains and becomes known as Gollum.

Centuries later, during the War of the Ring, Gandalf leads Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, and King Théoden of Rohan to Isengard, where they reunite with Merry and Pippin. Gandalf retrieves Saruman's palantír, and the group returns to Edoras to celebrate their victory at Helm's Deep.[a] Pippin looks into the palantír, seeing Sauron and a burning tree. Gandalf deduces that the enemy plans to attack Gondor's capital Minas Tirith; he rides there to warn Gondor's steward Denethor. Pippin, who accompanies him, swears fealty to Denethor, whose now-dead heir Boromir had saved his life;[b] on Gandalf's instruction, he triggers the lighting of the beacons, which call for help from Rohan.

Frodo, who carries the Ring, and Sam continue their journey towards Mordor, unaware that Gollum, now their guide, plans to betray them and take the Ring for himself. The trio witness the Witch-king of Angmar, lord of the nine Nazgûl, setting off towards Gondor with his army of Orcs. Gollum conspires to frame Sam for eating food supplies and desiring the Ring; influenced by the growing power of the Ring, Frodo is taken in by the deception, and orders Sam to go home. Gollum then tricks Frodo into venturing into the lair of the giant spider Shelob. Frodo narrowly escapes and confronts Gollum, who falls down a chasm after a scuffle. Shelob discovers, paralyzes, and binds Frodo, but is wounded and driven away by a returning Sam, who, mourning Frodo's apparent death, takes the Ring. Sam realizes his mistake when a group of Orcs takes Frodo captive, but manages to rescue Frodo as the Orcs fight among themselves. Now inside Mordor, the hobbits continue towards Mount Doom, their destination.

As King Théoden gathers his army, Elrond tells Aragorn that Arwen is dying, having refused to leave Middle-earth. Elrond gives Aragorn Andúril, reforged from the shards of King Elendil's sword Narsil, and urges him to commit to claiming Gondor's throne, to which he is heir. Joined by Legolas and Gimli, Aragorn travels the Paths of the Dead, and pledges to release the ghosts there from their curse should they come to Gondor's aid. Meanwhile, Faramir, who was earlier overwhelmed and driven back to Minas Tirith by the Witch-king, is gravely wounded in a suicide charge; believing his son to be dead, Denethor falls into madness. Gandalf marshals the defenders, but the huge Orc army breaks into the city. Denethor attempts to burn himself and Faramir on a pyre, but Pippin alerts Gandalf and they rescue Faramir. Denethor, set ablaze and in agony, jumps to his death.

Théoden arrives and leads his army against the Orcs. Despite initial success against Orcs in the ensuing battle, they are decimated by the Oliphaunt-riding Haradrim and the Witch-king mortally wounds Théoden; however, his niece Éowyn slays the Witch-king with Merry's help. Théoden dies in his niece's arms. Aragorn then arrives with his Army of the Dead, who overcome Sauron's forces and win the battle. Their oath fulfilled, the Dead are released from their curse. Aragorn decides to march on Mordor to distract Sauron from Frodo, now extremely weak, and Sam; all of Sauron's remaining forces march to meet Aragorn's diversion, allowing the hobbits to reach Mount Doom. Gollum, who survived his earlier fall, attacks them, but Frodo still manages to enter the mountain. There, he succumbs to the Ring's power, putting it on his finger, but Gollum manages to bite off his finger and reclaim it. They struggle together and both fall off the ledge. Frodo manages to cling on, and is pulled up by Sam, but Gollum falls and dies; the Ring, which fell with him, disintegrates in the lava. Mount Doom erupts as Sauron meets his demise, while Aragorn's army emerges victorious as its enemies flee.

Gandalf rescues the hobbits with the help of eagles, and the surviving Fellowship is happily reunited in Minas Tirith. Aragorn is crowned King of Gondor and marries Arwen. The Hobbits return home to the Shire, where Sam marries Rosie Cotton. A few years later, Frodo departs Middle-earth for the Undying Lands with his uncle Bilbo, Gandalf, and the Elves. He leaves Sam the Red Book of Westmarch, which details their adventures. Sam returns to the Shire, where he embraces Rosie and their children.

Cast and crew[edit]

The trilogy is notable for featuring an extensive cast including (alphabetically from left to right) Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Christopher Lee, Viggo Mortensen, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban, Hugo Weaving and Elijah Wood.

Casting[edit]

Jackson began abstract discussions on casting during the development of the scripts with Miramax.[2] Jackson, Walsh and Boyens compiled a casting wishlist, which included Cate Blanchett for Galadriel and Ian Holm for Bilbo.[3] Wondering whether Patrick Stewart would be right for the part of Gandalf, Philippa Boyens drew a tape of him performing opposite Ian McKellen, only to suggest the latter to Jackson.[4] McKellen became Jackson's first choice for Gandalf.[5] Christopher Lee sent Jackson a photograph of him in a wizard's costume, wanting to play Gandalf,[6] but Jackson decided he would be a perfect Saruman, instead.

Miramax wanted a recognisable name for Gandalf, and suggested Max von Sydow or Paul Scofield and, wanting an American star, even mentioned Morgan Freeman.[2][7] When New Line took over, they suggested Christopher Plummer or Sean Connery for the part (both declined),[8] and put a veto against Richard Harris when his name came up. When von Sydow inquired for the part later, his agent told him they were looking for an English actor.[9]

While casting, Jackson looked for backup options for the various parts, including Lucy Lawless and Nicole Kidman for Galadriel; Anthony Hopkins or Sylvester McCoy (eventually recast as Radagast) for Bilbo; Paul Scofield, Jeremy Irons, Malcolm McDowell or Tim Curry for Saruman.[10] For Gandalf, they looked into Tom Baker, Tom Wilkinson, Sam Neill, Bernard Hill (who was instead cast as Theoden)[4] and Peter O'Toole,[11] and into several older actors who auditioned for other parts, such as Patrick McGoohan and Anthony Hopkins.

Miramax and Jackson discussed Sir Daniel Day-Lewis for Aragorn, starting "fanciful internet speculation"[8] that Day-Lewis was approached for the part numerous times, although Jackson eventually inquired about him. Jackson cast Stuart Townsend, whom the studio deemed too young. After shooting began, Jackson agreed and decided to recast the role. They approached Viggo Mortensen, but also spoke to Russell Crowe (who auditioned for Boromir previously), as a backup choice.[12]

Patrick McGoohan, their first choice for Denethor, proved "quite grumpy"[13] when they met, and they instead looked into Donald Sutherland and John Rhys-Davies, and ultimately cast John Noble. Davies was recast as Gimli, instead of Billy Connolly (later cast as Dain), Robert Trebor and Timothy Spall. In conversations with Miramax, Liam Neeson's name came up[2] for Boromir, but he declined. Daniel Craig auditioned. New Line suggested Nicolas Cage, but the filmmakers declined[8] and cast Sean Bean.

Cast[edit]

The following are the cast members who voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the extended version of the films.[14][15][16]

Character
The Fellowship of the Ring | The Two Towers | The Return of the King
The Fellowship
Frodo Baggins | Elijah Wood
Aragorn | Viggo Mortensen
Boromir | Sean Bean
Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck | Dominic Monaghan
Samwise Gamgee | Sean Astin
Gandalf | Ian McKellen
Gimli | John Rhys-Davies
Legolas | Orlando Bloom
Peregrin "Pippin" Took | Billy Boyd
The Shire and Bree
Bilbo Baggins | Ian Holm | | Ian Holm
Mrs. Bracegirdle | Lori Dungey |
Barliman Butterbur | David Weatherley |
Rosie Cotton | Sarah McLeod | | Sarah McLeod
Gaffer Gamgee | Norman Forsey | | Norman Forsey
Elanor Gamgee | | Alexandra Astin
Bree Gate-Keeper | Martyn Sanderson |
Farmer Maggot | Cameron Rhodes |
Old Noakes | Bill Johnson |
Everard Proudfoot | Noel Appleby | | Noel Appleby
Mrs. Proudfoot | Megan Edwards |
Otho Sackville | Peter Corrigan |
Lobelia Sackville-Baggins | Elizabeth Moody |
Ted Sandyman | Brian Sergent |
Rivendell and Lothlórien
Arwen | Liv Tyler
Celeborn | Marton Csokas | | Marton Csokas
Elrond | Hugo Weaving
Figwit | Bret McKenzie | | Bret McKenzie
Galadriel | Cate Blanchett
Haldir | Craig Parker |
Rúmil | Jørn Benzon |
Isengard and Mordor
Gollum/Sméagol | Andy Serkis
Gorbag | | Stephen Ure

Gothmog

Lawrence Makoare
Craig Parker (voice)

Gríma Wormtongue | | Brad Dourif
Grishnákh | | Stephen Ure |
Lurtz | Lawrence Makoare |

Mauhúr

Robbie Magasiva
Andy Serkis (voice)

Mouth of Sauron | | Bruce Spence
The One Ring | Alan Howard (voice) | | Alan Howard (voice)
Saruman | Christopher Lee

Sauron

Sala Baker
Alan Howard (voice)

Sala Baker
Alan Howard (voice)

Shagrat | | Peter Tait
Sharku | | Jed Brophy |

Snaga

Jed Brophy
Andy Serkis (voice)

Uglúk | | Nathaniel Lees |

Witch-king of Angmar

Brent McIntyre
Andy Serkis (voice)

Lawrence Makoare

Rohan and Gondor
Damrod | | Alistair Browning
Denethor | | John Noble
Éomer | | Karl Urban
Éothain | | Sam Comery |
Éowyn | | Miranda Otto
Faramir | | David Wenham
Freda | | Olivia Tennet |
Gamling | | Bruce Hopkins
Grimbold | | Bruce Phillips
Háma | | John Leigh |
Haleth | | Calum Gittins |
Irolas | | Ian Hughes
King of the Dead | | Paul Norell
Madril | | John Bach
Morwen | | Robyn Malcolm |
Théoden | | Bernard Hill
Théodred | | Paris Howe Strewe |
Treebeard | | John Rhys-Davies (voice)
Historical figures
Déagol | Thomas Robins (hand only) | | Thomas Robins
Elendil | Peter McKenzie |
Gil-galad | Mark Ferguson |
Isildur | Harry Sinclair | | Harry Sinclair

Crew[edit]

Crew
The Fellowship of the Ring | The Two Towers | The Return of the King
Director | Peter Jackson
Producers | Barrie M. Osborne, Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh and Tim Sanders FOTR
Screenwriters | Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Peter Jackson and Stephen Sinclair TT
Composer | Howard Shore
Cinematographer | Andrew Lesnie
Editors | John Gilbert FOTR | Michael Horton TT | Jamie Selkirk ROTK
Production designers | Dan Hennah and Grant Major
Conceptual designers | Alan Lee and John Howe
Costume designers | Ngila Dickson and Richard Taylor
Visual effects supervisor | Jim Rygiel
Production companies | New Line Cinema and WingNut Films
Distributing company | New Line Cinema

FOTRHe only worked on The Fellowship of the Ring.

TTHe only worked on The Two Towers.

ROTKHe is only credited as editor on The Return of the King.

Development[edit]

Previous attempts[edit]

Previous attempts to film Tolkien's works were made by William Snyder, Peter Shaffer and John Boorman. These attempts resulted in a couple of unproduced scripts, concept art and an animated short. Other filmmakers and producers to have had an interest in adapting Tolkien are said to include Walt Disney, Al Brodax, Forrest Ackerman, Denis O'Dell (who considered Richard Lester to direct, but instead approached David Lean, Stanley Kubrick and Michelangelo Antonioni) and George Lucas. The rights to adapt Tolkien's works passed through the hands of several studios, having been briefly leased to Rembrandt Films before being sold perpetually to United Artists. In 1976, UA passed the rights to The Lord of the Rings (and a part of the rights to The Hobbit) to Fantasy Films.[17]

In 1977, an animated adaptation of The Hobbit was produced as a TV special by Rankin and Bass, and in 1978 Ralph Bakshi made an animated feature of the first half of The Lord of the Rings. While profitable, the film did not make enough money to automatically warrant the sequel which would close the story, and an argument with producer Saul Zaentz led Bakshi to abandon the project. Rankin/Bass then followed in 1980 with an animated TV adaptation of The Return of the King. Several other Tolkienesque fantasy films were produced at the time, including Jim Henson and Frank Oz's The Dark Crystal and Lucas's Willow.[18]

At the time of the release of Bakshi's film, a teenaged Peter Jackson had not read the book, but "heard the name",[19] and went to see the film: "I liked the early part—it had some quaint sequences in Hobbiton, a creepy encounter with the Black Rider on the road, and a few quite good battle scenes—but then, about half way through, the storytelling became very disjointed and disorientating and I really didn't understand what was going on. However, what it did do was to make me want to read the book—if only to find out what happened!"[20] Jackson bought a tie-in paperback edition. He later read The Hobbit and The Silmarillion, and listened to the 1981 BBC radio adaptation. Assuming someone would one day adapt it to a live-action film, Jackson read up on some previous attempts to bring the piece to the screen.[21] He had not watched the Rankin and Bass TV specials.[22][23]

Pitch to Miramax[edit]

In 1995, while completing post-production on The Frighteners, Jackson and Fran Walsh discussed making an original fantasy film, but could not think of a scenario that was not Tolkien-esque, and eventually decided to look up the film rights. They went to Harvey Weinstein from Miramax, who got the rights from Saul Zaentz. Jackson knew it would take multiple films to do Tolkien justice,[24][25] but initially pitched a single trilogy: one film based on The Hobbit and, if that would prove successful, two Lord of the Rings films shot back-to-back.[21] Jackson began rereading The Hobbit, looking at illustrations and commissioning concept art from the book, but the rights eventually proved unattainable, having been split between Zaentz and United Artists. Weinstein tried to buy the studio's share of the rights, but was unsuccessful.[citation needed]

With The Hobbit postponed for a later prequel, Jackson proceeded with making two or more[25] Lord of the Rings films: "We pitched the idea of three films and Miramax didn't really want to take that risk, but we agreed on two."[24] He began writing the scripts with Walsh and Stephen Sinclair, storyboarding with Christian Rivers and discussing casting ideas with the Weinsteins. Meanwhile, Weta Digital began software development for the digital effects required,[24] and WETA Workshop were producing props and concept art. Sinclair later dropped out of the project, but Jackson felt that some of his contributions survived into the finished scripts, particularly the middle film, The Two Towers, for which he is credited.[citation needed]

Move to New Line[edit]

As the scripts took shape, it became clear that the budget required would exceed Miramax's capabilities. The Weinsteins suggested cutting the project to one film.[24] Jackson inquired whether it could be around four hours in duration, but Miramax insisted on two hours, suggesting major cuts to the story, which Jackson refused. Harvey Weinstein threatened to replace Jackson with screenwriter Hossein Amini and directors John Madden or Quentin Tarantino. Jackson believed this was an empty threat to get him to concede to making a one-film version himself.[26]

Harvey Weinstein eventually relented to putting the project on a turnaround, but the onerous conditions were meant to prevent the project from being taken up by another studio.[26] Jackson got an audience with New Line CEO Robert Shaye, who accepted the project, but requested that it be expanded into a trilogy. New Line had many promising reasons that the trilogy would be successful which led them to sign on.[27] Final Cut rights were shared contractually between Jackson and Bob Shaye, but there was never any interference in Jackson's cut.[28]

Production[edit]

Jackson began storyboarding and screenwriting the series with Christian Rivers, Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens in 1997 and assigned his crew to begin designing Middle-earth at the same time.[29] Jackson, Walsh and Boyens did not write each film to correspond exactly to its respective book, opting instead to write a three-part adaptation with some sequences missing, some sequences created from scratch, and some sequences moved from one area to another regardless of its placement in the books. To allow the story to be clearer for viewers, Jackson takes a more chronological approach to the story than Tolkien's complex interlacing of storylines. During shooting, the screenplays continued to evolve, in part due to contributions from cast members looking to further explore their characters.[30]

Earlier versions of the script included additional characters like Fatty Bolger, Glorfindel, Elladan, Elrohir, Erkenbrand, Imrahil and Forlong.[31] At one point, Jackson even considered reintroducing Tom Bombadil in a cameo.[32] Gimli was going to swear throughout the films, and Arwen would join the Fellowship in Rohan and share a nude scene with Aragorn in the pools of the Glittering Caves.[33]

Jackson hired long-time collaborator Richard Taylor to lead Weta Workshop on five major design elements: armour, weapons, prosthetic makeup, creatures and miniatures. At New Line's request, animation supervisor Jim Rygiel replaced Weta Digital's Mark Stetson. In November 1997, famed Tolkien illustrators Alan Lee and John Howe joined the project;[30] most of the imagery in the films is based on their various illustrations,[34] but Jackson also relied on the work of Ted Nasmith, who later had to turn down an offer to join Alan and John. Jackson wanted realistic designs in the style of historical epics rather than fantasy films, citing Braveheart as an inspiration:[35][36][37][38][39]

"It might be clearer if I described it as an historical film. Something very different to Dark Crystal or Labyrinth. Imagine something like Braveheart, but with a little of the visual magic of Legend. [...] It should have the historical authority of Braveheart, rather than the meaningless fantasy mumbo-jumbo of Willow.[40]

Production designer Grant Major was charged with the task of converting Lee and Howe's designs into architecture, creating models of the sets, while Dan Hennah worked as art director, scouting locations and organizing the building of sets. Ngila Dickson collaborated with Richard Taylor on producing costumes, while Peter King and Peter Owen designed makeup and hair. Most of these crew members (and others) returned to work on The Hobbit.[41]

Jackson and cinematographer Andrew Lesnie considered shooting in large format like 65 mm film[40][42] and/or to master the films at 4K, but both were cost-prohibitive and couldn't be done on New Zealand soil.[43][42] They decided to shoot on fine-grain Super 35 mm film and subject the films to rigorous digital grading.

Principal photography for all three films was conducted concurrently in many locations within New Zealand's conservation areas and national parks. Filming took place between 11 October 1999 and 22 December 2000. Pick-up shoots were conducted annually from 2001 to 2004.[44] The series was shot at over 150 different locations, with seven different units shooting, as well as soundstages around Wellington and Queenstown.[45][page needed] Along with Jackson directing the whole production, other unit directors included John Mahaffie, Geoff Murphy, Fran Walsh, Barrie M. Osborne, Rick Porras and any other assistant director, producer, or writer available. Miniature Photography took place throughout the entire period, amounting to over 1,000 shooting days.[citation needed]

Weta Digital developed new technologies to allow for the groundbreaking digital effects required for the trilogy, including the development of the MASSIVE software to generate intelligent crowds for battle scenes, and advancing the art of motion capture, which was used on bipedal creatures like the Cave Troll or Gollum. With Jackson's future films, motion-capture technology came to be pushed so far that it became referred to as "digital makeup", although it was later clarified that during The Lord of the Rings period, it was still fairly reliant on the CG animators.[46]

Each film had the benefit of a full year of post-production time before its respective December release, often finishing in October–November, with the crew immediately going to work on the next film. Jackson originally wanted to edit all three films with Jamie Selkirk, but this proved too much work. The next idea was to have John Gilbert, Michael Horton and Selkirk, respectively, editing the three films simultaneously, but after a month that proved too difficult for Jackson,[47] and the films were edited in consecutive years, although Selkirk continued to act as "Supervising Editor" on the first two entries. Daily rushes would often last up to four hours, and by the time The Fellowship of the Ring had been released, assembly cuts of the other two films (4½ hours each) were already prepared.[36][30] In total, 1,828 km (six million feet) of film was edited down to the 11 hours and 26 minutes (686 minutes) of extended running time.[45]

Music[edit]

Howard Shore composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced the trilogy's music. Shore visited the set in 1999, and composed a version of the Shire theme and Frodo's Theme before Jackson began shooting.[48] In August 2000 he visited the set again, and watched the assembly cuts of The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King.[49] In the music, Shore included many (85 to 110) leitmotifs to represent various characters, cultures and places—the largest catalogue of leitmotifs in the history of cinema, surpassing, for comparison, that of the entire Star Wars film series. For example, there are multiple leitmotifs just for the hobbits and the Shire. Although the first film had some of its score recorded in Wellington, virtually all of the trilogy's score was recorded in Watford Town Hall and mixed at Abbey Road Studios.[30] Jackson planned to advise the score for six weeks each year in London, though for The Two Towers he stayed for twelve.[50]

The score is primarily played by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, ranging from 93 to 120 players throughout the recording. London Voices, the London Oratory School Schola boy choir, and many artists such as Ben Del Maestro, Sheila Chandra, Enya, Renée Fleming, James Galway, Annie Lennox and Emilíana Torrini contributed. Even actors Billy Boyd, Viggo Mortensen, Liv Tyler, Miranda Otto (extended cuts only for the latter two) and Peter Jackson (for a single gong sound in the second film) contributed to the score. Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens served as librettists, writing lyrics to various music and songs, which David Salo translated into Tolkien's languages. The third film's end song, "Into the West", was a tribute to a young filmmaker Jackson and Walsh befriended named Cameron Duncan, who died of cancer in 2003.[51]

Shore composed a main theme for the Fellowship rather than many different character themes, and its strength and weaknesses in volume are depicted at different points in the series. On top of that, individual themes were composed to represent different cultures. Infamously, the amount of music Shore had to write every day for the third film increased dramatically to around seven minutes.[51] The music for the series has been voted best movie soundtrack of all time for the six years running, passing Schindler's List (1993), Gladiator (2000), Star Wars (1977) and Out of Africa (1985), respectively.[52]

Soundtracks[edit]

Title | U.S. release date | Length | Composer | Label
The Fellowship of the Ring: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack | 20 November 2001 | 71:29 | Howard Shore | Reprise Records
The Two Towers: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack | 10 December 2002 | 72:46
The Return of the King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack | 25 November 2003 | 72:05

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

The trilogy's online promotional trailer was first released on 27 April 2000, and set a new record for download hits, registering 1.7 million hits in the first 24 hours of its release.[53] The trailer used a selection from the soundtrack for Braveheart and The Shawshank Redemption among other cuts. In 2001, 24 minutes of footage from the series, primarily the Moria sequence, was shown at the 54th Cannes Film Festival, and was very well received.[54] The showing also included an area designed to look like Middle-earth.[45]

The Fellowship of the Ring was released on 19 December 2001. It grossed $47.2 million in its U.S. opening weekend and made over $897 million worldwide. A preview of The Two Towers was inserted just before the end credits near the end of the film's theatrical run.[55] A promotional trailer was later released, containing music re-scored from the film Requiem for a Dream.[56] The Two Towers was released 18 December 2002. It grossed $62 million in its first U.S. weekend and out-grossed its predecessor with over $947 million worldwide. The promotional trailer for The Return of the King was debuted exclusively before the New Line Cinema film Secondhand Lions on 23 September 2003.[57] Released 17 December 2003, its first U.S. weekend gross was $72.6 million, and became the second film, after Titanic (1997), to gross over $1 billion worldwide.

Each film is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.

Film | U.S. release date | Box office gross | All-time ranking | Budget | Ref(s)
U.S. and Canada | Other territories | Worldwide | U.S. and Canada | Worldwide
Rank | Peak | Rank | Peak
The Fellowship of the Ring | 19 December 2001 | $315,710,750 | $581,979,322 | $897,690,072 | 78 | 9 | 64 | 5 | $93 million | [58][59]
The Two Towers | 18 December 2002 | $342,551,365 | $604,943,730 | $947,495,095 | 57 | 7 | 56 | 4 | $94 million | [60][61]
The Return of the King | 17 December 2003 | $377,845,905 | $768,185,007 | $1,146,030,912 | 45 | 6 | 24 | 2 | $94 million | [62][63]
Total | $1,036,108,020 | $1,955,108,059 | $2,991,216,079 | | $281 million | [note 1]

1. ^ Sources other than Box Office Mojo that refer to the trilogy's budget being $281 million include: The New York Times,[64] The Independent,[65][66] The Telegraph,[67] Business Insider,[68] Collider,[69] and IndieWire.[70][71]

Critical and public response[edit]

The Lord of the Rings trilogy received widespread acclaim and is ranked among the greatest film trilogies ever made.[72] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "the trilogy will not soon, if ever, find its equal",[73] while Todd McCarthy of Variety described the films as "one of the most ambitious and phenomenally successful dream projects of all time".[74] The Fellowship of the Ring was voted the greatest fantasy movie of all time in a reader's poll conducted by American magazine Wired in 2012, while The Two Towers and The Return of the King placed fourth and third respectively.[75]

The series appears in the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films, Time's All-Time 100 Movies, and James Berardinelli's Top 100.[76] In 2007, USA Today named the series as the most important films of the past 25 years.[77] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Bringing a cherished book to the big screen? No sweat. Peter Jackson's trilogy — or, as we like to call it, our preciousssss — exerted its irresistible pull, on advanced Elvish speakers and neophytes alike."[78] Paste named it one of the 50 Best Movies of the Decade (2000–2009), ranking it at No. 4.[79] In another Time magazine list, the series ranks second in "Best Movies of the Decade".[80] In addition, six characters and their respective actors made the list of 'The 100 Greatest Movie Characters', also compiled by Empire, with Viggo Mortensen's portrayal of Aragorn ranking No. 15, Ian McKellen's portrayal of Gandalf ranking No. 30, Ian Holm's portrayal of Bilbo Baggins (shared with Martin Freeman for his portrayal of the same character in The Hobbit films) ranking No. 61, Andy Serkis' portrayal of Gollum ranking No. 66, Sean Astin's portrayal of Samwise Gamgee ranking No. 77, and Orlando Bloom's portrayal of Legolas ranking No. 94.[81]

Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.

The Independent ranked the Lord of the Rings trilogy at No. 2 on its list of "10 greatest movie trilogies of all time".[89]

Industry response[edit]

The series drew acclaim from within the industry, including from the film directors Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and George Lucas.[90][91] John Boorman, who once wrote a script for a Lord of the Rings film, said he was happy his own version was unmade[92] as Jackson's film trilogy was "of such scope and magnitude that it can only be compared to the building of the great Gothic cathedrals."[93] Forrest J. Ackerman, who once presented a film treatment to Tolkien, and appeared on Jackson's Bad Taste said his pitch "could never have been given the grand treatment that Peter Jackson afforded it."[94] Arthur Rankin said Jackson was making "marvellous films."[95]

However, some filmmakers were more critical. Heinz Edelmann, who pitched the idea of an animated feature when United Artists considered shooting the films with the Beatles, thought it was "badly directed."[96] Ralph Bakshi, who made an animated film based on the first half of the trilogy, didn't watch the films, but was told[97] that Jackson's film was derivative of his.[98] Ahead of the films' release, he said he did not "understand it" but that he does "wish it to be a good movie." Later, he begruged Saul Zaentz for not notifying him of the live-action film, and said that Jackson had his film to study and therefore had "a little easier time than I did."[99] Afterwards, he grumbled that Jackson "didn't understand"[100] Tolkien and created "special effects garbage" to sell toys,[101] as well as being derivative of his own film.[99] Bakshi further blamed Jackson for not acknowledging the influence that the animated film had on him, saying (falsely) that he denied having seen Bakshi's film at all[99] until being forced to mention him, at which point (according to Bakshi) he mentioned Bakshi's influence "only once" as "PR bolony."[101] However, he did praise Jackson's special effects[102] and, in 2015, even apologized for some of his remarks.[101] Bakshi's animator Mike Ploog[103] and writer Peter Beagle both praised the live-action film.

Accolades[edit]

The three films together were nominated for a total of 30 Academy Awards, of which they won 17, both records for any movie trilogy.[104] The Fellowship of the Ring earned 13 nominations, the most of any film at the 74th Academy Awards, winning four; The Two Towers won two awards from six nominations at the 75th Academy Awards; The Return of the King won in every category in which it was nominated at the 76th Academy Awards, setting the current Oscar record for the highest clean sweep, and its 11 Academy Awards wins ties the record held by Ben-Hur (1959) and Titanic (1997).[105] The Return of the King also became only the second sequel to win the Oscar for Best Picture after The Godfather Part II (1974).

Additionally, members of the production crew won the Academy Award for Technical Achievement for the rendering of skin textures on creatures on The Return of the King,[106] and Stephen Regelous won the Academy Award for Scientific and Engineering Award for the design and development of MASSIVE, "the autonomous agent animation system used for the battle sequences in The Lord of the Rings trilogy."[107]

The Lord of the Rings film series at the Academy Awards[108][109][110]

Category
74th Academy Awards | 75th Academy Awards | 76th Academy Awards
The Fellowship of the Ring | The Two Towers | The Return of the King
Picture | Nominated | Nominated | Won
Director | Nominated | | Won
Adapted Screenplay | Nominated | | Won
Supporting Actor | Nominated[c] | |
Art Direction | Nominated | Nominated | Won
Cinematography | Won | |
Costume Design | Nominated | | Won
Film Editing | Nominated | Nominated | Won
Makeup | Won | | Won
Original Score | Won | | Won
Original Song | Nominated[d] | | Won[e]
Sound Editing | | Won |
Sound Mixing[f] | Nominated | Nominated | Won
Visual Effects | Won | Won | Won

1. ^ As depicted in The Two Towers (2002)

2. ^ As depicted in The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)

3. ^ For Ian McKellen as Gandalf.

4. ^ For "May It Be".

5. ^ For "Into the West".

6. ^ Before 76th Academy Awards, and until 93rd Academy Awards, known as 'Best Sound'.

Each film in the series won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the MTV Movie Award for Movie of the Year, and the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film. The first and third films also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film. The New York Film Critics Circle awarded The Return of the King its Best Picture Award at the 2003 Awards Ceremony, hosted by Andrew Johnston, chair of the organization at that time, who called it "a masterful piece of filmmaking."[111]

Comparisons with the written work[edit]

Commentators have compared Jackson's film trilogy with Tolkien's written work, remarking that while both have been extremely successful commercially, they differ in many respects. Critics have admired Jackson's ability to film the long and complex work at all; the beauty of the cinematography, sets and costumes; and the epic scale of his version of Tolkien's story. They have however found the characters and the story greatly weakened by Jackson's emphasis on action and violence at the expense of psychological depth; the loss of Tolkien's emphasis on free will and individual responsibility; and the replacement of Frodo's inner journey by an American monomyth with Aragorn as the hero.[112][113]

As for whether the film trilogy is faithful to the novel, opinions range from Verlyn Flieger's feeling that a film adaptation is not even worth attempting,[113][114] Wayne G. Hammond's opinion that the film sacrifices the book's richness of characterization and narrative for violence, thrills and cheap humour,[115] or Christopher Tolkien's view that Jackson's interpretation is unacceptable,[116] to granting, with Jackson and Boyens, that the film version is inevitably different.[117] From that standpoint, critics such as Brian Rosebury and Tom Shippey have described the films as a partial success, giving some of the feeling and capturing some of the key themes of the novel.[118][119] Yvette Kisor considers that Jackson was unfaithful to many of Tolkien's details, but succeeded in achieving something of the same impact and feelings of providence, eucatastrophe and interconnectedness. Dimitra Fimi suggests that Jackson was continuing Tolkien's tradition of adapting folklore, incorporating both the fans' views on that folklore and cinematic traditions such as the zombie in the film trilogy to produce its own modern folklore.[112][113]

Home media[edit]

The first two films were released on two-disc standard edition DVDs containing previews of the following film. The success of the theatrical cuts brought about four-disc extended editions, with new editing, added special effects and music.[120] Jackson came up with the idea of an extended cut for LaserDisc and DVD formats while in preproduction.[40] He could insert some of the violence that he thought he would have to trim to get a PG-13 rating for the theatre, and he could tailor the pacing to the demands of the small screen, which he said were "completely different".[121] He observed that the extended cuts will be "ultimately seen as the more definitive versions of the films".[122][a]

The extended cuts of the films and the supplemental special features (labelled "appendices" in homage to the books) were spread over two discs each,[b] and a limited collector's edition was also released featuring sculpted bookends. The Fellowship of the Ring was released on 12 November 2002, containing 30 minutes of extra footage.[c] The Two Towers, released on 18 November 2003, contains 46 minutes of extra footage.[d] The Return of the King was released on 14 December 2004, with 52 minutes more footage.[e] The extended cuts have also played at cinemas, most notably the first two for a 16 December 2003 marathon screening (dubbed "Trilogy Tuesday") culminating in a screening of the third film.[f] In 2006, both versions of each film were released together in a limited edition, which includes a new feature-length documentary for each film (but not the extras from the previous releases).[124]

Warner Bros. released the trilogy's theatrical versions on Blu-ray in a boxed set on 6 April 2010.[125] An extended edition Blu-ray box set was released on 28 June 2011.[126] Each film's extended Blu-ray version is identical to the extended DVD version, including the appendices.[123] In 2014, Blu-ray steelbook editions of the five-disc extended editions were released. The first, The Fellowship of the Ring, was released on 24 March 2014.[127] The discs are identical to those found in the previous five-disc Blu-ray set.[128] The Blu-ray releases were criticized for colour timing issues which degraded the look of the films.[129]

The Lord of the Rings trilogy was released in Ultra HD Blu-ray in 2020, featuring both the theatrical and extended editions of the films.[130] The films, along with those of The Hobbit trilogy, were remastered to give all six films a more consistent colour treatment.[131] Jackson explained that visual effects shots were improved for this release by "[removing] and [painting] out any imperfections," but that they had not been "[upgraded] or [enhanced]".[132] An audio remastering was made as well, with the films receiving a new Dolby Atmos mix.[129] A 31-disc collector's set including both versions of all six films in 4K and Blu-ray formats, was released in 2021 for the 20-year anniversary of the first film;[133] this, however, does not include the appendices.[134]

As of 2017, The Lord of the Rings films had a home media revenue of more than $2.4 billion.[135]

Each film is linked to the "Home media" section of its article.

Film | Theatrical edition length | Extended edition length
The Fellowship of the Ring | 178 minutes (2 hr, 58 min)[136] | 208 minutes (3 hr, 28 min)[137]
The Two Towers | 179 minutes (2 hr, 59 min)[138] | 226 minutes (3 hr, 46 min)[139]
The Return of the King | 201 minutes (3 hr, 21 min)[140] | 252 minutes (4 hr, 12 min)[141]
Total runtime | 558 minutes (9 hr, 18 min) | 686 minutes (11 hr, 26 min)

Legacy[edit]

The release of the films saw a surge of interest in The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's other works, vastly increasing his impact on popular culture.[142] The success of the films spawned numerous video games and many other kinds of merchandise.

The Hobbit Trilogy[edit]

From 2012 to 2014 Peter Jackson and his studio Wingnut Films made The Hobbit Trilogy consisting of the films The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies. The trilogy works as a prequel to the Lord of the Rings films.

Reunion[edit]

On 31 May 2020, through his YouTube channel, actor Josh Gad aired a virtual cast reunion via Zoom as the fourth episode of the web series Reunited Apart, a charity fundraising effort during the COVID-19 pandemic, with The Lord of the Rings reunion supporting Share Our Strength's campaign called "No Kid Hungry". A large part of the original cast participated, including Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, Miranda Otto, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban and Elijah Wood. In addition to the cast, director Peter Jackson, screenwriter Philippa Boyens and composer Howard Shore were also present. Furthermore, filmmaker Taika Waititi and castmate Bernard Hill also made an appearance.[143][144][145] On 2 June 2020, Josh Gad announced that the charity had raised over $100,000.[146]

Effects on the film industry and tourism[edit]

As a result of the series' success, Peter Jackson has become a major figure in the film industry in the mould of Steven Spielberg and George Lucas, in the process befriending some industry heavyweights like Bryan Singer and Frank Darabont. Jackson has since founded his own film production company, Wingnut Films, as well as Wingnut Interactive, a video game company. He was also finally given a chance to remake King Kong in 2005. The film was a critical and box office success, although not as successful as the Lord of the Rings series. Jackson has been called a "favourite son" of New Zealand.[147] In 2004, Howard Shore toured with The Lord of the Rings Symphony, playing two hours of the score. Along with the Harry Potter films, the series has renewed interest in the fantasy film genre. Tourism in New Zealand is up, possibly due to its exposure in the series,[148] with the country's tourism industry waking up to an audience's familiarity.[149]

In 2002 the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington created a travelling exhibition of the film trilogy, The Lord of the Rings Motion Picture Trilogy: The Exhibition.[150] It visited cities around the world including Boston, London, Sydney, Singapore and Houston.[151]

Legal disputes[edit]

The Lord of the Rings left a legacy of court cases over profits from the trilogy. Sixteen cast members (Noel Appleby, Jed Brophy, Mark Ferguson, Ray Henwood, Bruce Hopkins, William Johnson, Nathaniel Lees, Sarah McLeod, Ian Mune, Paul Norell, Craig Parker, Robert Pollock, Martyn Sanderson, Peter Tait and Stephen Ure) sued over the lack of revenue from merchandise bearing their appearance. The case was resolved out of court in 2008. The settlement came too late for Appleby, who died of cancer in 2007.[152] Saul Zaentz also filed a lawsuit in 2004 claiming he had not been paid all of his royalties.[17]

The next year, Jackson himself sued the studio over profits from the first film, slowing development of the Hobbit prequels until late 2007.[153] The Tolkien Trust filed a lawsuit in February 2008, for violating Tolkien's original deal over the rights that they would earn 7.5% of the gross from any films based on his works.[154] The Trust sought compensation of $150 million.[155] A judge denied them this option, but allowed them to win compensation from the act of the studio ignoring the contract itself.[156] On 8 September 2009, the dispute was settled.[157]

Video games[edit]

Numerous video games were released to supplement the film series. They include: The Two Towers, The Return of the King, The Third Age, The Third Age (GBA), Tactics, The Battle for Middle-earth, The Battle for Middle-earth II, The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king, The Lord of the Rings Online, Conquest, Aragorn's Quest, War in the North, Lego The Lord of the Rings, Guardians of Middle-earth, Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, Middle-earth: Shadow of War and pinball.[158]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ The extended editions also feature longer credit sequences listing the names of "The Lord of the Rings fan-club members" who contributed to the project.[123]

2. ^ The folding cases are decorated with drawn concept art behind each DVD and an in-sleeve map of the Fellowship's travels during the film; a folding booklet includes map-style guides to the appendices.

3. ^ The case features an Alan Lee painting of the Fellowship entering Moria, with the Moria Gate depicted on the back of the outer sleeve. An Argonath-styled bookend was included with the collector's edition.

4. ^ The case features a Lee painting of Gandalf the White's entrance. The collector's edition includes a Sméagol statue, with a crueller-looking statue of his Gollum persona available to order for a limited time.

5. ^ The case exhibits a Lee painting of the Grey Havens. A model of Minas Tirith is included with the collector's edition, with Minas Morgul available by order for a limited time.

6. ^ Attendees were given a limited-edition keepsake from Sideshow Collectibles containing a random frame of film from each of the three movies.

References[edit]

1. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (14 December 2021). "National Film Registry Adds Return Of The Jedi, Fellowship Of The Ring, Strangers On A Train, Sounder, WALL-E & More". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

2. ^ a b c "Peter Jackson Rebukes Harvey Weinstein's Denial On Ashley Judd & Mira Sorvino". 15 December 2017. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020.

3. ^ Nathan 2018, p. 270.

4. ^ a b Nathan 2018, pp. 303–309

5. ^ "Ian McKellen talks on Gandalf's last day". The One Ring. 29 November 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019.

6. ^ Robert W. Pohle Jr., Douglas C. Hart, Rita Pohle Baldwi (2017). The Christopher Lee Film Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-8108-9270-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

7. ^ Nathan 2018, p. 1103

8. ^ a b c Nathan 2018, pp. 296–302

9. ^ "Max von Sydow As Gandalf?". The One Ring. 11 April 2003. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020.

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Sources cited[edit]

Nathan, Ian (2018). Anything You Can Imagine: Peter Jackson and the Making of Middle Earth. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0008192501.

External links[edit]

The Fellowship of the Ring at the American Film Institute Catalog

The Fellowship of the Ring at IMDb

The Two Towers at the American Film Institute Catalog

The Two Towers at IMDb

The Return of the King at the American Film Institute Catalog

The Return of the King at IMDb

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The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Wikipedia

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This article is about the film series released between 2001 and 2003. For other films based on The Lord of the Rings, see Middle-earth in film.

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I predict that something bad is going to happen. They could really hear what they were saying and they couldn't really say anything. I feel they aren't going to be together. I also feel like they're going to lie about stuff. The other thing I predict is that there going to get mad at each other. I predict that there going to get trapped in a room.

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#5- Predict Book Title: Bone Old Man's Cave

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#5- Predict Book Title: Bone Old Man's Cave

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The main characters of this book are Bone, Smiley, and Thorn. Bone and Smiley look alike except Smiley is more of a taller being. Bone and Smiley are lost in a Forest and Thorn is trying to find them while there are these rat-like creatures destroying just about anything in their path. Thorn is also hearing a lot of rumors that Bone has killed a king, and the whole army of the king is trying to find Bone. Thorn is very worried about Bone because they are best friends, and hearing these rumors makes her even more worried.

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Predict Book: Animal Farm by George Orwell

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Predict Book: Animal Farm by George Orwell

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My Prediction so far for the book in Animal Farm is that the animals will want to make a plan to take down the farmer and want to leave because he doesn't give the animals the amount of food they want but instead the farmer barely gives them any so they don't starve and I can support this because in Pg #6 it says that, "Man is the only creature without producing", and in pg # 8 it says that " He doesn't give milk, lay egg, and run fast to catch rabbits".

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The main character in my book is a fourteen-year-old boy. His name is Jack, Jack and his family just moved to a rental home in Fort Lauderdale. His new neighbor is named Gary Pagoda. Gary Pagoda is just back from juvie for car theft. Jack decides he wants to be like his neighbor Gary Pagoda.

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#2 Personal Connection-Book Title: Crank

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#2 Personal Connection-Book Title: Crank

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I have a personal connection with the main character Bree. Bree comes from a Mexican family, and I also come from a Mexican family. She also felt like her voice never mattered and that she was invisible to other people, that's how I feel at times sometimes where my voice is not heard. Also, she has been moved around schools because she would move a lot, I've been moved around a lot because of my dad's job. Finally, me and my main character Bree have a really strong personal connection because neither of us had really real friends, and most times me feel alone because we have no one who will listen.

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The main character in my story is Marcus. When Marcus was born, his mom died when he was a baby. His father (Tata) got bought as a slave which left Marcus alone. Then Marcus was taken to Pompeii to become a slave as well. He was taken to the Gladiators Arena to watch Cyclops fight other men to become the champion. He soon saw his Father about to fight Cyclops to the death but the guards took Marcus away from his Dad and put a spear to his eyeball. Later Marcus disguises himself as a normal civilian and steals a snake as a weapon. Soon Marcus drops the snake and the snake bites one of the guards and him and Tata hop on an old horse to get out of Pompeii. They soon make it to the top of a hill and sleep there while Marcus has a dream he was fighting with Hercules against hydra.

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I survived the destruction of pompeii ad 79

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In my book I predict that the main character Winnie in my book will find out what her dads disease means.Winnie's dad has been showing symptoms for ASL like trouble walking, getting random impulses to do things to his family and having trouble projecting his voice.Winnie's parents have told her not to search up what ASL means on Google so she doesn't worry for her dad.Her dad reassured her that he will be fine since he is taking expensive medication to help him for awhile.After Winnie got a warning of not to search it up she scrolls on Twitter to distract her mind by reading funny posts but I predict she won't be able to block it out and search it up.The reason why I think she will search it up is because Winnie and her have such a special close bond, her dad is the reason why Winnie has such an interest in comedy.

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The main character in my book is Tyray Hobbs, a freshman at Bluford high school. Tyray is one of the most notorious bully's at his school. His story begins when a new student enrolls in his school and gets bullied by Tyray. This boys name is Darrel Mercer and is the perfect target for tyray because he is a scrawny weak kid that just transferred. One day as Tyray was bullying Darrel, Darrel decided to stand up for himself and Tyray didn't like that and ended up getting humiliated Infront of the whole school by Darrel.

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#5- Character(s) Book title :Swim  team 

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#5- Character(s) Book title :Swim  team 

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The main character in my book is Bree Hanley. Bree is between 11- 14 years old, she just moved from New York to Florida.

Bree is not too happy at her new state because she doesn't like how Florida has a bunch of pools and sports. Once she was moving in she met Ms. Etta. Ms. Etta was sharing how she loves puzzles and makes some out of her old photos. She also meets Clara a girl the same age as her, Clara goes to the middle school Bree is starting.

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5-character's Book Title: Blades of freedom

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5-character's Book Title: Blades of freedom

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The main character in this book is Joliet,he has a big part in this book he owns a lot of boats and sells them to people. In this story they all are going a cross the ocean. They all get let down because of Joliet boats he did not make them right and now they got stuck and there is no way out. Until they get to a land and all stop and get off. They go into this cave that was there as soon as they walk in bats come out and come at them. They end up leaving but all the boats do not work so they have to walk. They walked to the other side to find a lot of more things and food as well. they have not ate for about a week so they eat and all get mad at Jolite for not making the boat right.

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I predict what is going to happen in the book is that Aiden is going to make the football team. Aiden and his brother Brandon have been running football plays to practice. Brandon passed him the ball so he could run in for the touchdown. Aiden had to sit down because he fell on the ground and the coach told him to sit down and go home. Overall I think he is still going to make the team.

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#6 Identify and define three vocabulary words                                      Book Title :This one and magic life

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#6 Identify and define three vocabulary words                                      Book Title :This one and magic life

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One word I did not know was "serrated", this word means having a notched edge or sawlike teeth, especially for cutting. Another word I identified was glistening. The definition for 'glistening' is a sparkling light glow; shine lustrously. the last word I found that I did not know was "Valium". Valium means "trademark" or pharmacology. For example in the book (page 3) it states, "People are running to watch the fish slice the water's skin with their serrated , glistening fins.". Another example is, "You okay? You want a Valium or something?". The definitions and examples helped me better understand what these three words mean.

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#5 - Characters  Book Title: The Song of Achilles

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#5 - Characters  Book Title: The Song of Achilles

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The main character(s) in my book is Patroclus and Achilles. Patroclus is an awkward young prince, exiled from his homeland after an act of shocking violence. Achilles, "The best of all Greeks," the son of a sea goddess Thetis and the legendary King Peleus, is strong, swift, and destined for glory. This story is from the perspective of Patroclus, his close companion and lover. It follows their childhood, the Trojan War, and their bond.

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Book Title: John Lennon All I Want is the Truth

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#3 - Setting                                                                 Book Title - John Lennon: All I Want Is The Truth

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#3 - Setting                                                                 Book Title - John Lennon: All I Want Is The Truth

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This book is about a person so it could have many settings but I think the main settings it will talk about is England and New York. The reason I think these two places will be brought up a lot is because England is where the person this book is about was born and raised. I think New York will be brought up because New York is where the person was assassinated and where he lived in the last few years of his life.

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The main character in my book is Dexter foreman. Dexter did not go to school ever because his parents work in a different country and his grandma has been taking care of him in her retirement home. A truancy officer shows up one day and tells Dexter and his grandma that he needs to attend school since he's not being home schooled officially. He's forced to start the next day as a seventh grader.

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#5 - Character(s)                                                     Book Title: Ashley's World 

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#5 - Character(s)                                                     Book Title: Ashley's World 

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The main character in my book is Ashley Goldman. Ashley is 16 years old and she just moved to a new neighborhood. Ashley is not too happy at her new neighborhood because she does not have any friends and Rebecca the most popular girl in school is not nice to her. For example in the book it says, "Ashley is lonely and misses her old friends from Kentucky" (Rogers 24). Ashley misses her best friend Anna, who always helps her stay positive. Ashley's Mom promises her she will be able to visit Anna during her winter break.

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#1 - Predict

#2 - Personal Connection

#3 - Setting

#4 - Mood

#5 - Character(s)

#6 - Identify and define THREE (3) Vocabulary Words

#7 - Identify and EXPLAIN ONE (1) conflict

#8 - Memorable Quote