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Louis XVI Calls  the Estates Generals

“On May 10, 1774, Louis Auguste became Louis XVI upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. Only 20 years old at the time, Louis XVI was immature and lacked self-confidence.” (Louis XVI, BBC). Louis was not ready  to handle the challenges of being a monarch. He struggled to make decisions and use his authority. Many of his policies were bad, and he faced financial difficulties due to wars and spending by previous monarchs

As tensions grew between the French people and the monarchy, Louis became bad. He was seen as a symbol of the corrupt and oppressive system that the revolutionaries wanted to overthrow. “Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed for treason. Louis had failed to address France's financial problems, instigating the French Revolution that eventually descended upon him.”( Louis XVI, BBC).

"Louis XVI." BBC, BBC, 17 February 2011, Link.

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Tenis court oath

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Biography
Jean-Sylvain Bailly (1736-1793) was a great French astronomer, mathematician, and politician during the 18th century. Born in a family of artisans in Paris, Bailly received a solid education and soon displayed a big interest in mathematics and astronomy. He quickly became recognized as one of the leading scientists of his time, being elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences at the young age of 26. His contributions to astronomy included a comprehensive survey of the stars and the development of a new method for calculating the distance between the Earth and the Sun, which earned him a prize from the Académie.

Bailly was also heavily involved in the politics of his time, becoming an impotant figure of the Third Estate in the Estates-General and a key figure in the early stages of the French Revolution. He played an key role in organizing the Tennis Court Oath in June 1789, in which members of the Third Estate pledged to stay together until they had created a new government that treated everyone fairly. This event marked a turning point in the Revolution and was a testament to Bailly's leadership and vision. As Bailly himself wrote, "It is not by chance that we have met here; it is the will of the people and the result of the common need for a constitution" (Bailly, 1789, p.11). Despite his early success in science and politics, Bailly's career came to an end. He was accused of  counter-revolutionary activities and was arrested in 1793. According to Doyle (1989), after a hasty trial, he was sentenced to death and executed by guillotine on November 12, 1793.

Citations, in / out text.
Bailly, J. S. (1789). Serment du Jeu de paume. Paris: Chez tous les libraires.

Doyle, W. (1989). The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

“Jean Sylvain Bailly.” Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, Mar. 2021, p. 1. EBSCOhost, discovery.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=fb3cf66d-db63-3613-8ca7-c05b6ae1dca8.

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Storming of the Bastille

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Civil constitution of the clergy

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March on Versailles

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Maria antoinette said let them eat cake

Maria Antoinette:

"Marie Antoinette was born November 2, 1755 in Vienna, Austria and was executed on October 16, 1793 at the Place de la Concorde, Paris, France."(Montogomery 1893).The Queen of France and the wife of King Louis XVI. Her impact on the French Revolution cannot be overstated. She was widely criticized for her extravagance and perceived indifference to the plight of the French people. Her perceived wastefulness and indifference were seen as symbols of the excess and corruption of the French monarchy, and she became a frequent target of public anger and resentment. Maria Antoinette was also accused of political interference, particularly during the early years of the Revolution. She was accused of meddling in the affairs of the state and using her influence to undermine the revolutionaries. This led to widespread resentment towards her and a sense that she was an enemy of the people. Paris in 1792 is no longer what it was in 1789. In 1789, the old French society was still brilliant(Imbert de Saint-Amand- 1891)

During the revolution, Maria Antoinette and her family were imprisoned by the revolutionaries. They were subjected to harsh treatment and were eventually put on trial for their alleged crimes against the state. Maria Antoinette was found guilty and sentenced to death by guillotine on October 16, 1793. Her execution was a significant moment in the French Revolution and was seen as a symbol of the triumph of the people over the monarchy.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Marie-Antoinette | Facts, Biography, & French Revolution.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 21 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Antoinette-queen-of-France.

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Declarations of the rights of man

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Royal Family attempts to flee

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Execution of the king

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Reign of Terror

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Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power

Biography:
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in August 15 in 1769 and was a great military strategist during the French Revolution.   “He rose to the power rapidly and after seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d’état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804”(Napoleon Bonaparte, History.com, nov, 15, 2022). He successfully waged war against various countries of Europe and expanded the french empire. After a big error during the war he was abdicated the throne and exiled to the island of Elba.

Napoleon Bonaparte revolutionized military strategies and organization. Napoleon developed the Napoleonic code, which was the main influence on the 19th-century civil codes. Napoleon reorganized education, and established an agreement with Rome, defining the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

saymedia.com. (n.d.). https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/napoleon

Godechot, J. (2023, January 18). Napoleon I | Biography, Achievements, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I