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Checklists are used to monitor the development of children to ensure they are meeting age-appropriate milestones. Checklists are easy to use. They are useful for sharing information with the parents. Checklists help teachers plan activities for the week or the month and helps the teacher know what they are teaching each week. They are also efficient and convenient. Advantages of using a checklist reduces rework, improves work quality, and improves organization. A disadvantage of using a checklist is the checklist can result in missing information if observations are limited to only the items on the checklist.   Checklists often focus on meeting certain expectations instead of allowing for more individualized learning experiences which can limit the child's exploration and creativity.  Examples of checklists used in the classroom are supply checklists and student assignment checklists.

Reference: Assessment in Early Child Education, Eighth Edition Chapter 8

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Ethical practice in early childhood assessment shares information that both acknowledges a child's strengths as well as areas of challenge. The assessment must be fair and transparent. There must be no discrimination in regard to gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, age, class or disability. Every child should be respected for their individual uniqueness, dignity, and worth. Ethical practice also supports, listens to, develops relationships with families and forms partnerships with them to support their role as parents.

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I had no idea there were so many different types of observation and/or assessments that were performed on children. There are running records, checklists, and anecdotal observations for example. I plan to use some of these examples once I become a teacher.

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Professional growth is furthering my education by learning to assess and observation the children I care for on a daily basis. I have learned to focus on the needs of the children to ensure they are achieving their goals and building confidence to be able to express themselves.

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Standardized assessment collects and analyzes information about a child's knowledge, skill, and abilities. Standardized tests are used to measure and compare a child's abilities to a larger population of children. These tests assess language development, cognitive abilities, and fine and gross motor skills. A grading rubric is an example of a standardized assessment.

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Performance based assessment is a system of assessing a student's knowledge through a display of skills. The student's performance is not measured by multiple choice tests but assignments that mimic real world situations. Examples of performance-based assessments are completing a science project, role playing and writing a short poem.

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1. Maintain confidentiality and privacy.

2. Ask permission to take pictures of children and their work.

3. Children have the right not to participate in activities.

4. Pay attention to the children's body language, temperament, and style of communication.

5. See every child as a unique individual with their own culture and values.

6. Write down quotes without adding content.

7. Share what you have observed with the child.

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Event sampling it used to identify a child's response of certain behaviors, interactions, and triggers. It can help determine how often a specific event or behavior occurs. Event sampling is done to plan for strategies in modifying a child's behavior. The advantages of event sampling are they are simple and easy to use and can be adapted to suit different circumstances. The disadvantages are that charts need to be carefully designed in order to collect the relevant information and the data may not explain why the events are happening. I would use this to determine if there are any patterns or triggers to a child's behavior such as what provokes tantrums or what provokes a child to bite another child on a regular basis.

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A time sample is an observation of a child that is made every 5 minutes over a set period of time, usually an hour. The observations are brief. The goal of this type of observation is to focus on a particular behavior to reveal the frequency of that behavior. The advantages of this type of observation is it allows the observer to focus on specific behaviors during a certain time period. Disadvantages are that some behaviors may be missed outside of the observation intervals. I could see myself using this to observe children who have a hard time staying on task, talking excessively or getting out of their seat frequently.

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An anecdotal record is an observation of an incident that describes what happened, where it happened, and when it happened. There are many uses for this type of record, but it can be used to track and explain unusual behavior in childhood development. It tells the story of what the observer observed. An advantage of using anecdotal records is that using them does not require any type of special training and it is open ended. The disadvantages are that they are not standardized, and the accuracy depends on the teacher's memory and can be biased.

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A running record is another way of recording a student's behavior.  It includes all behavior that is observed over a certain period of time.  The observation period can range from a few minutes, weeks and/or months.  The analysis of the behavior occurs after the observer studies the record.  The advantage of using a running record is that this record can guide teaching.   It allows for the documentation of the students learning over time and the observer can share the student's progress with families.  The disadvantage is that this kind of observation has to be scheduled and it is time-consuming.

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A rubric is a visual tool that shows parents, teachers, and students the expectations the student needs to meet.  It shows strengths and weaknesses.  Rubrics provide detailed feedback on student performance and promotes consistent scoring for students and teachers which is an advantage. Rubrics may not fully give all the information that the teacher wants the student to know; thus, limiting what they may learn which is a disadvantage.   Students also may not understand the criteria on the Rubric.  An example of a Rubic I could use is a visual rubric where the child is asked to draw a picture.

Reference: Assessment in Early Child Education, Eighth Edition Chapter 8

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Rating scales require the teacher to indicate the degree or frequency of behaviors, skills and strategies displayed by the student.  Teachers can use rating scales to record observations.   They are typically numerical or graphic rating scales.  Numerical rating scales use a number and graphic uses lines on a graph.  The above is a numerical rating scale.  Rating scales are quick and easy to use and require minimal training which is an advantage.   They are useful in measuring behaviors not easily measured by other ways such as social development.  Students can also use them as self-assessment tools.  Misuse of rating scales can interfere with the assessment process leading to inappropriate interventions, misdiagnoses, and poor outcomes which is a disadvantage. One example of a rating scale that I could use is a developmental rating scale.

Reference: Assessment in Early Child Education, Eighth Edition Chapter 8