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he machine tool under consideration in this paragraph is the lathe tool. A lathe is a versatile machine tool used in shaping materials such as wood, plastic, and metals like steel or aluminum. Some of its features include an adjustable cutting tool and a rotating spindle for holding the material being worked on. Maintenance is an essential aspect of ensuring the longevity of the lathe tool, and it involves several kinds of work which include daily cleaning of the lathe; checking the level, oil, and belts which should be done weekly or monthly; and inspecting, repairing, and replacing parts such as cutting tools and screws which may be done quarterly or annually. The maintenance work is necessary because it helps to sustain the tool's effectiveness, efficiency and to avoid any accidents that may occur due to wear and tear. Furthermore, it ensures that quality production is maintained, and the lathe tool is safe to use for operators.

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Lathe machine is a machine that rotates a workpiece to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling and turning.In order for a lathe machine to function properly, it needs to be maintained carefully.Everyday before working, we need to do a few tasks. The first task is checking water line pressure gauge and air pressure. Next, we have to warm up the spindle by running it at low speed for 5 minutes. Lastly, cleaning chip filter is also necessary. For the weekly maintenance schedule, there are 4 things that need to be done which are inspecting all fillters , checking coolant levels, inspecting oil and grease,and topping up oil levels. Additionally, we must also perform a list of maintenance work every 6 months. This list includes inspecting spindle bearing and drive belt, inspecting the oil and changing it if necessary.

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Short shots are a phenomenon in which the mold cavity cannot be completely filled. The cause is die temperature, material temperature or injection pressure and speed are too low, neven plasticization of raw materials, poor exhaust, insufficient liquidity of raw materials, the part is too thin or the gate size is too small, polymer melt is prematurely cured due to ineffective structural design. The solution is to fill the wall before filling the thin wall to avoid the retention phenomenon and appropriately increase the number of gates and runner size to reduce the process ratio and flow resistance, the position and size of the exhaust port should be properly set to avoid the phenomenon of the poor exhaust.

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injection moulding is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould, or mold. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting), glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is fed into a heated barrel, mixed (using a helical screw), and injected into a mould cavity, where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity.  After a product is designed, usually by an industrial designer or an engineer, moulds are made by a mould-maker (or toolmaker) from metal, usually either steel or aluminium, and precision-machined to form the features of the desired part. Injection moulding is widely used for manufacturing a variety of parts, from the smallest components to entire body panels of cars. Advances in 3D printing technology, using photopolymers that do not melt during the injection moulding of some lower-temperature thermoplastics, can be used for some simple injection moulds.

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In this paragraph, I would like to write my understanding of HDPE plastic. The property of HDPE is hard, resistant to impact, subjected to high temperatures, and recyclable. HDPE is used for not only grocery bags, milk jugs, recycling bins, and agricultural pipes, but also for playground equipment, lids, and shampoo bottles. It's much stronger and thicker than PET. Also, it is relatively hard and resistant to impact and can be subjected to temperatures of up to 120°C without being affected. As far as its disposal is concerned, HDPE is accepted at most recycling centers in the world, as it is one of the most easily recyclable plastic polymers. They’re some of my understanding of HDPE plastic. I hope they are useful for you.

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In this paragraph, I would like to about basic information about plastic. Plastic is a synthetic material that uses polymers as the main ingredient. The properties of plastic are versatile, lightweight, and durable, and some kinds of plastic are safe. In the past, we couldn't mould plastic into complex shapes. Nowadays, manufacturers can mould plastic into a variety of complex shapes. In the future, we will be able to make plastic from any kind of plant material. Using plastic brings us a great number of benefits such as convenience in shopping for plastic bags, lightweight and cheap,...  However, by using too much plastic every day, people may face different problems such as hurting the environment, not being biodegradable, and not being recycled. They’re some information about the basic information of plastic. I hope they are useful for you.

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In this paragraph, I would like to write the manufacturing process of a check valve. The check valve is made of cast iron. The check valve manufacturing process consists of 6 steps: First, this stage means that hot liquid material is poured into a container and cooled to make the correct shape. The cast iron is then, materials are turned on a machine, and part of the materials is removed to make the correct shape. Next, holes are made using a drill. After drilling, a surface is covered with paint, the next step is to pieces of materials are joined together using a nut and a bolt. The final step is a product is checked carefully. This is when we make sure that the part is made properly They’re some information about the manufacturing process of a check valve. I hope they are useful for you.

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In this paragraph, I would like to describe a specific CAD program.  The name of the CAD program is Auto CAD. Auto CAD is a computer-aided design software developed by the Autodesk company. Its features are drawing and designing 2D and 3D objects, editing pre-existing drawings quickly and accurately, simulation and image building, and solving engineering problems such as heat treatment, deformation, and load analysis. Its functions are to design and build 2D drawings, record dimensions quickly, perform situational spells quickly, car design, and interior design,...Its advantages are high accuracy and reduced errors, storing and transferring data safely, and calculating is easy. Its disadvantages are required expensive equipment, limited file formats, and can't freely edit lines and locations. They’re some information about Auto CAD. I hope they are useful for you.

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In this paragraph, I would like to compare CAD and manual drafting. CAD is the creation and handing of pictures on a computer to assist engineers in design and drafting. Manual drafting is the practice of creating drawings by hand with pencil or ink on a media such as paper or polyester film using drafting equipment. While CAD is used for the quick layout of a preliminary design and necessary changes,  manual drafting is used for single-detailed drafting. About advantages, CAD has high accuracy and reduced errors, storing and transferring data safely. Manual drafting is different from CAD because it shows the lines on the drawing are clearer and no data loss.CAD has disadvantages are requiring expensive equipment and limited file formats. Unlike CAD, manual drafting takes a long time to create a drawing. They’re some information about the difference between CAD and manual drafting. I hope they are useful for you.

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There are two types of mechanical drives. They are belt drive and chain drive. A belt drive is one type of mechanical dive where motion and power are transferred from one shaft to another by means of friction between the belt and pulleys mounted on each shaft. On the contrary, the chain drive is one engagement type power transmission system that transmits motion and power by means of successive chains with sprocket special-toothed wheels. Chain drive is most often made of metal, while belt drive is often rubber, plastic, urethane, or other substances. Chain dive is usually not affected by atmospheric conditions and temperature, however, the chain wears out faster than the belt if not properly lubricated. As a result, the belt drive requires minimum maintenance but the chain drive requires regular maintenance including lubrication. Applications often belt drive are flour mills, coolant pumps, lubricant pumps, AC, CAM shafts… Chain drive can be used for short to medium center distances. Chain drive is used in bicycles, motorcycles, agricultural machinery and textile machinery, and material handling equipment.

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Gear is a rotating circular component of the machine with teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. There are five gears including Spur gear, helical gear, worm gear, rack and pinion gear, and bevel gear. Spur gears are the simplest types of gears with teeth projecting towards or away from the center. Spur gears are used in low-speed applications and in situations where noise control is not a problem. They tend to be noisy at high speed. Helical gears are similar to spur gears except that their teeth are cut in a spiral shape. Helical gears are used in high-speed applications, large power transmissions, or where noise control is essential. Some helical gears have just one continuous tooths, these are called worms. A worm pairs with a worm gear, which helps reduce speed. Rack and pinion gears comprise a circular gear ( the pinion ) engaging a linear gear ( the rack ), which converts rotational motion into linear motion. Bevel gears have a conical form and can transmit rotational power through the shaft at an angle, typically 90 degrees to each other.

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There are some kind of coupling such as: beam coupling, flexible coupling, rigid coupling, leeve-style coupling. A beam coupling is a flexible coupling that is made by cutting a spiral shape from one piece of material. Beam  coupling have outstanding characteristics such as the ability to stretch within a certain range and high elasticity. Plays a role in protecting the pipeline system, protecting stability and impacts from the surrounding environment. Next, a flexible coupling can help reduce noise and unwanted vibrations. The characteristic of this joint is its ability to withstand compression, pressure, and impact forces well.A rigid couplings align the shafts with each other. They also maximize performance and efficiency. And the last, Sleeve-style couplings are the most common rigid couplings. So, couplings are an indispensable component in mechanics. It is an assembly between different parts in mechanical equipment to create movement or a durable connection between them.

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I am writing about effective presentation. First, a presentation is devided into 3 main parts: introduction, body and conclusion. Next, you should analyze your audiences. It’s a good idea to obtain some information on the backgrounds, values and interests of your audiences. Then you can select a topic and define the objectives of the presentation. During presentation, you should attention to communicating with the audience and often using body language to get the audience’s enthusiasm. And after the presentation, you need to summarize the presentation content, you can ask for feedback from the audience. And especially thank the audience at the end.

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Bearings are a part of machinery, bearings are designed to do the following jobs: reduce friction, load, position rotating parts. Normally, a bearing will consist of 4 main parts such as outer , inner race, cage and roller.Depending on the design of each type of bearing, it will have different applications. But the main functions of bearings are: withstand and bear the load when the machine is operating. This is the main and most important function of bearings. It is responsible for supporting and bearing force in many different directions. The supported ring has the function of supporting rotation or driving machine parts. This helps the machine operate continuously and stably.
Mispositioning and details. Silver helps keep rotating parts from leaving their operating positions. Helps reduce friction between the shaft and the housing by applying oil or grease to the balls and rollers. Bearings are widely used in life such as in industrial machinery, medical fields, and sports entertainment. Thus, bearings are indispensable for our lives as well as future development.