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IXL skill plan | Language Arts - Reading plan for the HiSET®

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IXL aligns to the HiSET®! IXL provides skill alignments to help your students reach their potential on this test.

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IXL skill plan | Language Arts - Writing plan for the HiSET®

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IXL aligns to the HiSET®! IXL provides skill alignments to help your students reach their potential on this test.

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REVIEW:

Reading Fiction

Build your vocabulary

Types of sentences

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(Do not confuse with the 4 types of sentence structure.)

There are four types of English sentence, classified by their purpose:

declarative sentence (statement)

interrogative sentence (question)

imperative sentence (command)

exclamative sentence (exclamation)

Sentence types are sometimes called clause types.

1. Declarative Sentence (statement)

Declarative sentences make a statement. They tell us something. They give us information, and they normally end with a full-stop/period.

The usual word order for the declarative sentence is:

Declarative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

Declarative sentences are the most common type of sentence.

2. Interrogative Sentence (question)

Interrogative sentences ask a question. They ask us something. They want information, and they always end with a question mark.

The usual word order for the interrogative sentence is:

(wh-word +) auxiliary + subject + verb...

Interrogative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

3. Imperative Sentence (command)

Imperative sentences give a command. They tell us to do something, and they end with a full-stop/period (.) or exclamation mark/point (!).

The usual word order for the imperative sentence is:

Note that there is usually no subject-because the subject is understood, it is YOU.

Imperative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

4. Exclamative Sentence (exclamation)

Exclamative sentences express strong emotion/surprise-an exclamation -and they always end with an exclamation mark/point (!).

The usual word order for the exclamative sentence is:

What (+ adjective) + noun + subject + verb

How (+ adjective/adverb) + subject + verb

Look at these examples:

What a liar he is!

What an exciting movie it was!

How he lied!

How exciting the movie was!

Note the form and function of the above four types. In general, we use the declarative form to make a statement. We use the interrogative form to ask a question. We use the imperative form to issue a command. We use the exclamative form to make an exclamation.

But function and form do not always coincide, especially with a change in intonation. For example, we can use the declarative form to give a command- You will now start the exam. Or we can use the interrogative form to make an exclamation- Wow, can Jo play the piano! We can even ask a question with the declarative form- Bangkok is in Thailand? So it is important to recognize this and not be confused when the function does not always match the form.

Contributor: Josef Essberger

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English sentences can be 1) declarative. statement. 2) interrogative? question? 3) imperative. command! 4) exclamative! exclamation!

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In What is a Sentence? we saw the minimum requirements for the formation of a sentence. Now we can look in more detail at the four types of sentence structure.

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

I like coffee.

Mary likes tea.

The earth goes round the sun.

Mary did not go to the party.

Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

I like coffee and Mary likes tea.

Mary went to work but John went to the party.

Our car broke down; we came last.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

We missed our plane because we were late.

Our dog barks when she hears a noise.

He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.

Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

that, which, who, whom, whose

Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.

He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.

The above sentences are basic examples only. In some cases other arrangements are possible (for example, a dependent clause can come before an independent clause).

Contributor: Josef Essberger

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The 4 types of sentence structure are 1) simple sentence 2) compound sentence 3) complex sentence 4) compound-complex sentence

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monotony

perspective

phrase

proceed/precede

unilateral

vicarious

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IXL | Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory? | Level L language arts

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Improve your language arts knowledge with free questions in “Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?” and thousands of other language arts skills.

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Referring to the list above, identify the type of conflict in each statement below.

1. Mr. Jackson fought every day with the temperamental furnace in the school's basement.

2. It was Sheila's worst nightmare: having to spend another evening all alone with only her regrets to keep her company.

3. Batman's most infamous foe is the Joker.

4. The US team was constantly reminded that they were the clear favorite to the win the gold medal.

5. Jackie hurried to secure her cabin before the blizzard arrived.

6. What good would a bow and arrow be against an army of ghosts?

7. She made a rousing speech about the injustices of the current political leaders.

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IXL | Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? | Level I language arts

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Improve your language arts knowledge with free questions in "Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?" and thousands of other language arts skills.

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Life is a river which we must learn to navigate.

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Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you're going to get. 

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Life is nothing like they said it would be. 

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Complex sentences: overview & examples (video) | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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- [Voiceover] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Rosie. - [Voiceover] Hi, Paige. - [Voiceover] So in this video we're gonna talk about compound-complex sentences. - [Voiceover] So we just covered complex sentences in the last video which is where you've got a simple sentence or one independent clause and then that's accompanied by at least one dependent clause. So, the compound-complex sentence is a little bit different. In this one you have a compound sentence which is more than one independent clause, and also at least one dependent clause. - [Voiceover] Okay, so it's like there's compound and there's complex and this is a combination of both of them. - [Voiceover] That's right. - [Voiceover] Right, okay, so, compound-complex takes the more than one independent clause from a compound sentence and the dependent clause or more than one from a complex sentence and puts them together so you have at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. I say at least 'cause you could have more than one or more than two of either of those. But, it has to be at least that. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] So, Rosie, just to make sure this all makes sense, can we get an example of a compound-complex sentence? - [Voiceover] After the storm passed, I went outside and I picked flowers. - [Voiceover] That's lovely. - [Voiceover] Isn't that nice? - [Voiceover] Okay, so I went outside and I picked flowers are both independent clauses. Ignoring after the storm passed, if we just had I went outside and I picked flowers, that's a compound sentence, that's two independent clauses. So then we add after the storm passed which is a dependent clause and that makes it compound-complex. We have at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. So in this case exactly two and exactly one. Rosie, can you tell me about your friend Alberto in a compound-complex sentence, please. - [Voiceover] Sure. My friend Alberto, well, you'll see. Though he has a crippling walnut allergy, Alberto bravely walked through the walnut grove, but he made sure to wear long sleeves. - [Voiceover] That's a good call. - [Voiceover] Yeah, he's smart. - [Voiceover] Yeah, smart kid. So, again, if we just say, Alberto bravely walked through the walnut grove, but he made sure to make long sleeves, that's a compound sentence. There's two independent clauses, Alberto bravely walked through the walnut grove is one, and then the second one is but he made sure to wear long sleeves. But then, again, we add a dependent clause at the beginning, though he has a crippling walnut allergy. That is what makes it compound-complex, it has elements of compound, the two independent clauses and it has an element of complex, the dependent clause, but Rosie, these are both the minimum number. These sentences both have the minimum number of each independent and dependent clauses. So, can we see something maybe that has like more clauses? - [Voiceover] Yeah, sure. Well, let's take a look at this first sentence we have, I think we can add a dependent clause to that. Let's give it a try. After the storm passed, I went outside and I picked flowers because they were beautiful. - [Voiceover] Okay, I see. Right, so this is a case where we see we can have more than one dependent clause if we want to, right. I know I keep saying this, but two independent clauses and one dependent clause are the minimum for a compound-complex sentence. It can have more, and it still qualifies as compound-complex. So that's compound-complex sentences. They are like compound in that they have more than one independent clause, and they're like complex in that they also have dependent clauses. You can learn anything, Paige out. - [Voiceover] Rosie out.

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Compound-complex sentences (video) | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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HiSET Study Guide Reading Reading Study Guide Introduction Information Texts Part 1 Information Texts Part 2 Information Texts Part 3 Information Texts Part 4 Literary Texts Poetry HiSET Reading Study Guide: Literary Texts Now, we move on to literary texts, also known as fiction. Many of the same skills you need to answer informational text ... Read more