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Greek communists tried to overthrow the government of Greece, sparking a civil war in Greece. Due to the crisis, President Harry Truman issued the Truman Doctrine. This pledged that the United States would stop the spread of communism by sending financial aid to support the Greek government. Due to American aid, the Greece civil war ended briefly.

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Once WW2 came to an end, allies met at the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference to determine Germany’s territories. The city of Berlin in Germany ended up divided, with pro-capitalist Western powers controlling the western half and pro-socialist USSR controlling the eastern half. Stalin wanted to kick out Western powers and make Berlin completely communist. Stalin started the Berlin Blockade, which meant citizens in Berlin had no access to aid, food, and resources. Truman responded by starting the Berlin Airlift, in which he sent food, fuel, and supplies by air to the city. The Soviets called off the blockade in 1949.

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The Marshall Plan was a U.S.-sponsored program that was implemented following the end of World War II. It was intended to aid European countries that had been destroyed as a result of the war.

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A group of countries from Europe and North America that exists to protect the people and territory of its members from the spread of communism.

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The war fought between North Korea, aided by Communist China, and South Korea, supported by the US and other members of the UN.

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The Warsaw Pact was an alliance of communist countries, including Russia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania Albania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. The pact focused on guaranteeing defense to prevent an enemy attack and maintain peace among members.

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The war lasted for 19 years. America sent over two million troops and spent tens of billions of dollars to fight the North Vietnamese communists. The US government refused to let all of Southeast Asia turn to communism and continued to fight, no matter how difficult it was to win. Sadly, South Vietnam fell to communism. When US troops finally left the country after fighting, America’s global image was greatly damaged.

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Sputnik was the first artificial Earth satellite. This was followed by a decade-long Space Race.

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Berlin was divided, with pro-capitalist Western powers controlling the western half and pro-socialist USSR controlling the eastern half. The Berlin Wall was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state. The Berlin Wall stood until November 9, 1989.

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The Bay of Pigs was chosen as the landing point because the US government believed that Cuban troops would not be stationed there. In April of 1961, the American-backed forces landed at the beaches along the Bay of Pigs and Cuban planes hit and destroyed American intruders. The disaster at the Bay of Pigs had a lasting impact on the Kennedy administration. It led the Soviets to begin to station nuclear weapons in Cuba.

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A direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.

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The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy to put the first men on the moon. It was the culmination of a massive, decade-long national commitment by the United States that saw billions of dollars poured into science education. The flight was commanded by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on July 20, 1969.

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President Nixon took the dramatic first step in normalizing relations with the communist People’s Republic of China by traveling to Beijing for a week. It allowed the American public to view images of China for the first time in over two decades. It resulted in a significant shift in the Cold War balance — driving a wedge between the Soviet Union and China, weakening the Soviet Union in the eyes of the international community.

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The Berlin Wall was built to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin. It was torn down in November 1989 after the leaders of East Germany accidentally decreed that East Berliners could freely travel to West Berlin.