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The Mount St Helens eruption began on the morning of May 18, 1980. A massive explosion obliterated the summit, leading to a landslide and lateral blast that devastated the surrounding area. The ash plume reached 15 miles into the atmosphere.

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Following the eruption, pyroclastic flows—a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter—swept down the north face of the volcano, covering a wide area with debris and causing widespread destruction.

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The ash cloud from the eruption spread across the United States, affecting air travel and depositing ash over many states. The ash caused significant disruptions and health concerns, particularly respiratory issues.

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The eruption melted the snow and ice on Mount St Helens, resulting in massive mudflows, also known as lahars. These mudflows destroyed bridges, homes, and infrastructure in their path.

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The eruption resulted in the loss of numerous wildlife habitats. Thousands of animals, including deer, elk, and bears, perished due to the immediate impact and subsequent environmental changes.

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The eruption forced the evacuation and relocation of thousands of residents living in the vicinity of Mount St Helens. Many lost their homes and had to seek temporary and permanent housing elsewhere.

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The local economy suffered greatly due to the destruction of timber, infrastructure, and agricultural land. The logging industry, in particular, was severely affected, leading to job losses and economic slowdown.

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The Mount St Helens eruption spurred significant advances in volcanic research. Scientists gained valuable insights into volcanic activity, eruption prediction, and the monitoring of active volcanoes worldwide.

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In the decades following the eruption, the affected area has undergone considerable ecological recovery. New plant and animal species have colonized the region, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of nature.

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Improvements in volcanic monitoring systems have been a direct result of the Mount St Helens eruption. These systems are crucial for early warning and risk mitigation in volcanic regions globally.