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Practice work 1

Comparative Analysis of Education Systems

Comparative Analysis of Education Systems: China vs Kyrgyzstan

1. Introduction

This report compares the education systems of China and Kyrgyzstan, focusing on three core dimensions: educational structure, governance mechanism and legal framework. Both countries build inclusive public education systems, but they differ greatly in school length, administrative management and legislative rules due to distinct national conditions.

2. Comparison of Educational Structure

Kyrgyzstan

Preschool education: optional, 3–6 years old

General compulsory education: 9 years (4 years primary + 5 years basic secondary)

Complete secondary education: 2 years senior school (voluntary before university)

Higher education: bachelor (4 years), master, doctoral programmes. Vocational schools exist for technical training.

China

Preschool education: non-compulsory, ages 3–6

Compulsory education: full 9 years (6-year primary + 3-year junior high school)

Senior high school: 3 years, national college entrance exam as university admission standard

Vocational education: independent vocational secondary & college tracks; higher education includes bachelor (4 years), postgraduate and PhD degrees.

Similarity & Difference

Both enforce 9-year free compulsory schooling. China has longer primary and senior high cycles, while Kyrgyzstan’s secondary stage is shorter and more flexible for early vocational choice.

3. Governance & Administration

Kyrgyzstan

Central regulator: Ministry of Education and Science.

Power is shared between national government and local municipal authorities. Public schools dominate; private schools operate under state licensing. Local governments manage rural schools in mountain regions.

China

Central leadership by Ministry of Education, with strict unified national curriculum standards. Provincial and municipal education bureaus implement national policies. Public schools are the mainstream; private education is supervised by strict national registration rules. Central government controls major education funding and exam policies nationwide.

Similarity & Difference

Both central ministries lead national education work. China adopts more unified, centralized management; Kyrgyzstan grants more autonomy to local districts and private educational institutions.

4. Legal Basis

Kyrgyzstan

Core law: Law No.179 “On Education” (2023). It sets secular education principles, equal education rights, free basic education and lifelong learning rules as the top legal standard for all schools.

China

Core law: Education Law of the People’s Republic of China. Supplementary laws include Compulsory Education Law, Higher Education Law. The legal system highlights national education development, moral education, balanced urban-rural education and non-discrimination.

Similarity & Difference

Both laws guarantee equal access to basic education and regulate public & private schools. Kyrgyz law emphasizes secular schooling, while Chinese education law stresses socialist value education and national unified curriculum governance.

5. Conclusion

China and Kyrgyzstan both prioritize universal compulsory public education, yet their systems adapt to their own population, geography and political systems. China features centralized governance and longer formal school cycles, while Kyrgyzstan applies decentralized local management and secular legal rules. The two legal frameworks share human-rights-based education values but carry unique national policy characteristics.

Reference

Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Education”, 2023

Education Law of the People’s Republic of China

Ministry of Education official documents of China and Kyrgyzstan

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Practice Work 2: Education Law Review

Policy Brief: Core Principles of the Kyrgyz Republic Law on Education (2023)

Legal Source

Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No.179 “On Education”, adopted 11 August 2023, revised 30 December 2024. All core principles are laid out in Chapter 1, Article 4.

1. Introduction

This brief analyses Kyrgyzstan’s primary national education law and summarises its foundational legal principles as required by the assignment. This law governs all levels of domestic education, with Article 4 listing ten binding principles that shape national education policy and school operation.

2. Analysis of Core Principles

Equality and non-discrimination (Art.4.1)

All people in Kyrgyzstan have equal access to education. Discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, language, wealth, disability or religion is forbidden. The state funds support for vulnerable groups to reduce educational gaps.

Quality and accessible education for national development (Art.4.2)

The government must build schools in remote areas, train teachers and unify curricula. All education policies serve the country’s social and economic sustainable development.

Compulsory full secondary education (Art.4.4)

Primary to complete secondary schooling is mandatory for minors. Parents face administrative penalties if they fail to ensure their children attend school regularly.

Lifelong continuous learning (Art.4.5)

The education system covers all life stages. The state provides adult training, vocational retraining and online courses to support lifelong skill improvement.

Free public basic education (Art.4.6)

State-run preschools, general schools and basic vocational schools offer tuition-free learning. Private schools may charge fees under strict government supervision.

Humanistic education with national culture (Art.4.7)

Teaching balances universal human values and Kyrgyz cultural heritage. Schools must focus on students’ all-round moral and personal development, not only academic results.

Secular and politically neutral schooling (Art.4.8–4.9)

Schools are separated from religion and political parties. Religious preaching and partisan political propaganda are banned on campus to maintain an inclusive learning environment.

State support for gifted students (Art.4.10)

The government provides special classes, scholarships and training programmes for students with outstanding academic, artistic or sports talents.

Joint educational responsibility of families and the state (Art.4.11)

The state supplies public educational resources, while parents bear the main duty to supervise their children’s study and attendance. Close home-school cooperation is required.

Diversified educational institutions (Art.4.12)

Both public and licensed private schools are permitted to meet diverse learning demands. All schools must follow unified national legal and curriculum standards.

3. Conclusion

The 2023 Education Law combines international human rights standards with Kyrgyzstan’s secular and national features. Its core principles centre on equal, free basic education and an inclusive lifelong learning system, serving as the legal foundation for all domestic educational governance.

4. References

Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No.179 “On Education”, 11 August 2023 (amended 30 Dec 2024), Ministry of Education and Science of Kyrgyz Republic official English version.

Ministry of Education and Science legislative database: https://edu.gov.kg/organizations/8/pages/287/

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Guan wenhan

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A Comparative Analysis of the Education Systems of China and Kyrgyzstan-lilingling

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Good afternoon everyone.

My name is Li Lingling.

I am 35 years old, a Communist Party member, a municipal engineer, and I hold a master’s degree.

I completed my bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering at Southwest Jiaotong University.

I finished my master’s degree in Software Engineering at East China Normal University.

I have thirteen years of professional and management experience.

I have worked as a university counselor and professional teacher.

Currently, I serve as the general manager of an education consulting company.

I have rich experience in construction engineering, education management and enterprise operation.

During my university tenure, I was responsible for student management, moral education and daily teaching coordination.

This experience improved my abilities in overall planning, communication and problem solving.

After entering enterprise management, I have been in charge of company operation and team management.

I have optimized working processes and led the team to stable development.

With my professional background, I am competent in administrative work, technical sorting and business cooperation.

On one hand, my knowledge in engineering and digital technology helps me improve department working efficiency.

On the other hand, I have accumulated abundant industry resources and connections.

I can promote internal and external communication, and expand cooperation channels for the company.

In summary, I own rigorous logical thinking, strong responsibility and rich management experience.

I will keep exerting my advantages, perform my duties earnestly, and create more value for the team and the organization.

Thank you all.

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Shi Enquan

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Comparative Analysis of Inclusive Education

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Shi Enquan

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1. Project Goal

To solve prominent problems in Kyrgyz school art classes: limited teaching aids, insufficient cross-cultural art resources and low student engagement. This project designs an innovative digital cross-cultural art teaching system, applying accessible digital tools to improve students’ art appreciation and creation competence.

2. Defined Teaching Purpose, Content, Methods and Means

1. Teaching Purpose

• Cognition: Master core features of traditional Chinese art and Kyrgyz nomadic art (Chinese painting, Kyrgyz mural & felt embroidery).

• Skills: Learn digital drawing tools and online art resource searching skills.

• Affective Objective: Foster cross-cultural aesthetic recognition and inherit local folk art.

2. Teaching Content

Module 1: Comparative appreciation of Chinese & Kyrgyz traditional arts

Module 2: Low-cost digital drawing practice on mobile devices

Module 3: Collaborative online creation & virtual art exhibition

3. Teaching Methods

Demonstration teaching, Project-Based Learning (PBL), blended online-offline teaching, group cooperative creation, comparative case analysis.

4. Teaching Technical Means

Free online art galleries, mobile drawing applications, cloud document sharing, screen casting tools, short video art materials.

3. Algorithm for Technology Implementation

1. Pre-class: Teachers upload art videos & pictures to cloud space for students’ preview;

2. In-class Step 1: Display digital art resources via screen casting to compare two countries’ art styles;

3. In-class Step 2: Students create digital paintings combining local nomadic patterns in groups with phones/tablets;

4. In-class Step 3: Online group presentation & peer evaluation of art works;

5. After-class: Students submit finished works to virtual cloud gallery; teachers provide online feedback;

6. Review & Iteration: Collect students’ feedback to update digital art resource library.

4. Expected Results

1. For students: Ability to appreciate cross-cultural art and finish independent digital artworks;

2. For teaching: Reusable blended digital teaching framework for Sino-Kyrgyz art education;

3. Deliverables: Complete educational technology plan, student online art portfolios, classroom teaching records.

5. Final Outcome

A full educational technology project focused on cross-cultural art education.

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Key Principles of Art Education Under the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Education (No.179, 2023)

1. Equal Right to Art Education: All citizens have equal access to art education, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or background.

2. Art as a Core Curriculum: Art subjects (visual arts, music, crafts, etc.) are compulsory in primary and secondary schools as part of the state education standard.

3. Cultural Heritage and Diversity: Art education combines Kyrgyz traditional arts with global artistic heritage to foster students’ cultural identity and aesthetic competence.

4. Secular and Democratic Values: Art education is based on humanistic and democratic principles, respecting cultural diversity and cultivating responsible citizenship.

5. Lifelong and Continuous Learning: A continuous framework covers basic, secondary, higher, and community art education, supporting learning and career development at all stages.

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Core Principles of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Education

Reference: Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No.179 (2023)

1. Equal Right to Education: All citizens have equal access to education regardless of gender, ethnicity, or background.

2. Compulsory & Free Basic Education: Primary, basic, and secondary general education are compulsory and free in state schools.

3. Accessible & Quality Education: The system ensures inclusive, high-quality services to support national development.

4. Lifelong Learning: A continuous education framework supports learning and career development at all stages.

5. Secular & Democratic Education: Education is based on humanistic and democratic values to foster responsible citizenship.

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Policy Brief: The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Education (2023)

The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No.179 "On Education" (adopted 11 August 2023, amended 30 December 2024) serves as the foundational legal framework for Kyrgyzstan’s education system. It establishes the core principles of national education policy, aiming to guarantee the right to education, promote equity, and support sustainable development. The law defines the rights and obligations of citizens across all educational stages, from preschool to higher education, and emphasizes education’s role in fostering democratic citizenship and personal development.

Key Principles:

1. Equal Right to Quality Education: All citizens, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or social status, have equal access to quality education, with no discrimination permitted.

2. Accessibility and Quality of Educational Services: The education system must provide accessible, high-quality services to advance national sustainable development goals.

3. Compulsory Basic Education: Every citizen must complete primary, basic, and secondary general education to ensure foundational literacy and numeracy.

4. Continuity and Lifelong Learning: The education system is structured to support seamless progression and lifelong learning opportunities for all individuals.

5. Secular and Democratic Education: Education is rooted in democratic and humanistic values, contributing to the development of a secular, democratic society and responsible citizenship.

6. Free Compulsory Education: Preschool, primary, basic, and secondary general education are provided free of charge in state institutions, ensuring access for vulnerable groups.

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Analysis of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Education”

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PrincipleLegal BasisCore DescriptionEqual Right to Quality EducationArt. 4, Art. 8(1)All citizens have equal rights to access quality education, regardless of gender, ethnicity, social status, religion, or disability; prohibits discrimination in educational settings[__LINK_ICON].Accessibility & Compulsory Basic EducationArt. 5, Art. 8(3)Free and compulsory primary, basic, and secondary general education for all citizens; ensures inclusive practices for marginalized groups, including persons with disabilities[__LINK_ICON].Accessibility & Quality of Educational ServicesArt. 8(2)Education system prioritizes accessible, high-quality services aligned with sustainable development goals, supporting lifelong learning pathways[__LINK_ICON].Continuity & Consistency of EducationArt. 8(10)Education processes are unified, sequential, and continuous across all levels, ensuring smooth transitions between educational stages[__LINK_ICON].Secular & Humanistic EducationArt. 8(7-9)Education is secular, independent from political and religious institutions; rooted in democratic and humanistic values, fostering universal and national ethical standards[__LINK_ICON].Support for Gifted LearnersArt. 8(6)The system creates conditions for the continuous development of gifted students, including targeted programs and resources[__LINK_ICON].Parental Responsibility & ParticipationArt. 8(11)Parents/legal representatives bear enhanced responsibility for their children’s education and development, with formal roles in school governance and oversight[__LINK_ICON].Diversity of Educational FormsArt. 8(12)Education supports diverse types, forms, and providers (public/private, formal/informal) to meet varied learning needs, while maintaining state quality standards[__LINK_ICON].

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compares the education systems of China and Kyrgyzstan, focusing on three key dimensions:

1. Structure: China has a highly standardized 9-year compulsory education system with clear pathways to higher levels. Kyrgyzstan, influenced by its Soviet legacy, has variable compulsory education durations across regions, and faces challenges in pre-school and vocational education development.

2. Governance: China uses a centralized, hierarchical model with strong national oversight and funding. Kyrgyzstan adopts a mixed central-local system, but weak local capacity and resource shortages contribute to significant urban-rural disparities.

3. Legal Basis: Both countries guarantee the right to education in their constitutions. China has a comprehensive, well-enforced legal framework. Kyrgyzstan has clear education laws, but implementation is limited by funding and resource constraints.

In short, while both prioritize compulsory education, China’s system is more standardized, well-funded, and effectively implemented, whereas Kyrgyzstan struggles with uneven resource distribution and governance challenges.

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Education Law Review: The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China

1. Task Overview

This assignment requires analyzing a national education law and summarizing its core principles. Below is a structured summary of The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (2021 Revision), which serves as the fundamental legal framework for education in China.

2. Key Principles Summary Table

Principle Core Content Legal Reference

1. Socialist Orientation & Leadership Education must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China and be guided by socialist ideologies. It serves socialist modernization and the people, fostering all-round development (morality, intelligence, physical health, aesthetics, labor) of socialist builders and successors. Articles 3, 5

2. Priority Development of Education The State recognizes education as foundational to modernization and guarantees its priority development. Society is obligated to support education and respect teachers. Article 4

3. Equal Access & Non-Discrimination Citizens enjoy equal rights to education regardless of ethnicity, gender, occupation, etc. Special provisions protect vulnerable groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, migrant children). Articles 9, 10

4. Rule of Law & Institutional Governance Establishes a unified national school system (preschool to higher education) and defines governance structures for schools, including legal responsibilities for stakeholders. Articles 17, 28-35

5. Financial Security & Diversified Funding The primary funding source is government appropriations, supplemented by multi-channel financing (social donations, tuition, etc.). The State ensures stable educational investment. Articles 53-55

6. Teacher & Student Rights Protection Defines the rights and obligations of teachers (e.g., professional development, social respect) and students (e.g., equal treatment, academic freedom). Articles 4, 37-46

7. Social Responsibility & Integration Requires education to integrate with productive labor and social practice, and encourages the whole society to participate in educational development. Articles 5, 47-52

3. Policy Brief: Core Analysis

Purpose & Scope

The Education Law of the PRC, enacted in 1995 and revised multiple times (most recently in 2021), governs all forms of education at all levels within China’s territory. It establishes the legal basis for educational policy, administration, and practice, aligning education with national development goals.

Core Objectives

1. Ideological Alignment: Ensures education promotes socialist values, patriotism, and social responsibility, with “moral education” as the foundational goal.

2. Equity & Inclusion: Combines universal education policies with targeted support for marginalized groups to reduce educational disparities.

3. Systematic Governance: Standardizes educational institutions, curricula, and funding mechanisms to ensure consistent quality and accountability.

4. Sustainable Development: Prioritizes long-term investment in education to enhance national competitiveness and human capital.

Key Implications

- The law balances centralization (national standards) with local autonomy (implementation).

- It links education closely to national economic and social development strategies, emphasizing practical skills and innovation.

- It provides a legal framework for addressing emerging challenges, such as digital education and lifelong learning.

4. Legal References

1. The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (2021 Revision), adopted at the Third Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress on March 18, 1995, and revised at the 25th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress on April 29, 2021.

2. Full text available via the National People’s Congress of China: http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c1772/c21116/c28934/c28939/201905/t20190521_211238.html

3. English version available via the Ministry of Education of China: http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191385.html

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Shi Enquan

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Comparative Analysis of the Education Systems of China and Kyrgyzstan-lilingling

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Comparative Analysis Report of Education Systems: China and Kyrgyzstan

This report compares the education systems of China and Kyrgyzstan. The comparison focuses on three main areas. These areas are the structure of education, the governance system, and the legal basis.

I. Structure of Education

In China, primary school lasts for 6 years for children between the ages of 6 and 12. Junior secondary school lasts for 3 years for students between the ages of 12 and 15, and this is compulsory. Senior secondary school lasts for 3 years for students between the ages of 15 and 18, but it is not compulsory. A bachelor's degree at university usually takes 4 years to complete.After completing a bachelor's degree, students can study for a master's degree. A master's degree usually takes 2 to 3 years. After that, students can study for a doctoral degree (PhD). The normal duration for a doctoral degree is 3 to 4 years. However, if students need to extend their study, it can take up to 6 to 8 years at most.

In Kyrgyzstan, primary school lasts for 4 years for children between the ages of 6 and 10. Lower secondary school lasts for 5 years for students between the ages of 10 and 15, and this is compulsory. Upper secondary school lasts for 2 years for students between the ages of 15 and 17, and this is also compulsory. A bachelor's degree at university usually takes 4 to 5 years to complete.

The main difference is that China has 9 years of compulsory education, while Kyrgyzstan has 11 years of compulsory education.

II. Governance System

In China, the Ministry of Education controls education across the whole country. The central government makes the overall policies. Local governments, including provinces, cities, and districts, manage the schools in their areas.

In Kyrgyzstan, the Ministry of Education and Science is the main authority. Local education departments manage schools in their own regions. Some power is also given to school directors and local councils.

The main difference is that China has a more centralized system. This means the central government makes most decisions. Kyrgyzstan gives more autonomy, or freedom, to local authorities and schools.

Ⅲ. Legal Basis

In China, the Compulsory Education Law was passed in 1986 and revised in 2006. This law establishes 9 years of compulsory education. There is also a Higher Education Law passed in 1998. The Teachers Law, passed in 1993, protects the rights of teachers.

In Kyrgyzstan, the Constitution guarantees free secondary education for all citizens. The main education law is the Law on Education, which was passed in 2003 and revised in 2020. There is also a Law on Preschool Education.

The main difference is that China's education laws are more detailed and strict. Kyrgyzstan's laws are more general and give schools more flexibility to make their own decisions.

IV. Conclusion

Both China and Kyrgyzstan provide free compulsory education for their citizens. However, there are several main differences between the two systems. First, China has fewer years of compulsory education, which is 9 years, while Kyrgyzstan has 11 years. Second, China's education system is more centralized, meaning the central government makes most decisions. Kyrgyzstan's system is more flexible, and local authorities have more control. Third, China's education laws are more detailed and strict, while Kyrgyzstan's laws are more general. Overall, both systems work well for their own countries.

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zhangmengru

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Comparative Analysis Report on the Education Systems of China and Kyrgyzstan

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Teaching Methods

1.Situational Immersion Teaching Method

Construct real-scene and multimedia environments (ancient-style settings, folk custom videos, stage atmospheres). For example, play videos of real mountain and river landscapes when teaching Chinese landscape painting; provide simple opera costumes for students to wear when learning traditional opera, enabling them to immerse themselves in artistic vibes and resonate with the connotations of artworks.

2.Field Study and Sketching Teaching Method

Learning takes place outside classrooms. Fine arts students visit ancient towns, art galleries and intangible cultural heritage workshops; music and dance students watch live performances at folk opera stages given by inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, gaining close access to authentic traditional arts.

3.Differentiated Layered Teaching Method

Within one class, tasks are assigned in groups according to students’ skill levels and interests. Students with weak foundations practice copying, while advanced learners conduct independent creation. This caters to all students instead of adopting a one-size-fits-all approach, fitting the needs of inclusive aesthetic education.

4.Home-School Collaborative Education Method

Assign parent-child art assignments, such as family handcrafts, parent-child calligraphy and painting, or watching traditional opera galas together. Classroom aesthetic education is extended with support from families.

5.Competition and Exhibition Incentive Teaching Method

Regularly hold campus painting and calligraphy exhibitions, choir contests, dance performances and talent shows. Displays and evaluations boost students’ learning motivation and test their learning outcomes.

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Shi Enquan

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Comparative Analysis of Art Education Systems: China vs. Kyrgyzstan

1. Introduction

This report compares the art education systems of China and Kyrgyzstan, focusing on structure, governance, and legal basis. Both systems reflect their national culture and education goals, but differ in curriculum design and focus.

2. Structure of Art Education

• China: Multi-tiered system. Art is compulsory in basic education (Grades 1–9), with specialized tracks in high school and university (e.g., fine arts, design). Higher education balances traditional Chinese art and modern digital art.

• Kyrgyzstan: Art is integrated into general education (Grades 1–11), with a strong focus on folk traditions (felt-making, komuz music). Specialized art education is offered at universities, prioritizing cultural heritage preservation.

3. Governance

• China: Centralized governance by the Ministry of Education. National standards and curricula are applied nationwide, with public funding as the main support.

• Kyrgyzstan: Decentralized governance. The Ministry of Education sets national standards, but local governments and schools have more autonomy in curriculum implementation, often relying on NGO partnerships.

4. Legal Basis

• China: Based on the Education Law (1995) and Art Curriculum Standards (2022), which mandate art education and promote traditional culture in schools.

• Kyrgyzstan: Governed by the Law on Education (2023) and cultural heritage laws, which emphasize the preservation of Kyrgyz folk art and traditions in education.

5. Conclusion

China’s system is structured, standardized, and balances tradition with modern innovation. Kyrgyzstan’s system is flexible, community-focused, and centers on preserving national folk culture. Both models offer valuable approaches to art education.

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Practical work

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Teaching Methods

1. Imitation & Copying Method: The mainstream basic approach. Students learn by copying model paintings, songs and dance movements to lay a solid foundation of fundamental skills.

2. Fun Experience Method: Combine games, handcrafts, picture books and rhythm activities to cultivate artistic interest and aesthetic perception, rather than focusing on professional techniques.

3. Group Teaching Method: Art, music and dance courses are mainly delivered in regular classes with unified progress and content.

4. Appreciation & Edification Method: Appreciate classic paintings, music and traditional folk arts to build basic aesthetic cognition.

5. Elementary Creation Method: Guide students to do free drawing, simple handcrafts and simple singing to encourage preliminary creative expression.

Training Features

• Focus on universal art education for all students without strict professional divisions.

• Prioritize aesthetic education and all-round development, with emphasis on traditional Chinese art enlightenment.

• Light academic load, centered on interest cultivation and good learning habits.

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Графический дизайн CANVA, копия.pptx

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Pedagogy Explained for Beginners (In 3 Minutes)