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All sources were derived from the textbook and lecture notes.

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1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
acetylcholine
pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
bethanechol (Urecholine®)

2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

3. Anticholinergic
atropine
dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

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1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
ephedrine
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

2. Adrenergic Agonists
epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

3. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
prazosin (Minipress®)
terazosin (Hytrin®)
doxazosin (Cardura®)

4. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist
dobutamine

5. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
formoterol (Foradil®)
albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
terbutaline (Brethine®)

6. Beta Blocker (Selective)
atenolol (Tenormin®)
metoprolol (Lopressor®)

7. Beta Blocker (Nonselective)

nadolol (Corgard®)

propranolol (Inderol®)

timolol (Blocadren®)

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1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Interaction: Directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division
Actions: Mimics ACH

2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Interaction: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Actions: Increases ACH

3. Anticholinergic
Interaction: Binds to a cholinergic receptor
Actions: Acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

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1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
Interaction: Stimulates alpha-1 receptors
Actions: Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages

2. Adrenergic Agonists
Interaction: Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors

Actions: Vasopressor, Cardiac stimulant, Bronchodilator

3. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
Interaction: Binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
Actions: Relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, also relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

4. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist
Interaction: Depending on dose, low (stimulates dopaminergic/d-1), moderate (stimulates beta-1 receptors) or high (stimulates alpha-1 receptors)
Actions: Vasodilation, increases force of contraction and cardiac output, vasoconstriction

5. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
Interaction: Stimulates beta-2 receptors
Actions: Bronchodilation in the uterus and lungs

6. Beta Blocker (Selective)
Interaction: Blocks beta-1 receptors
Actions: Decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, and conduction

7. Beta Blocker (Nonselective)
Interaction: Blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
Actions: Decreases force of contraction, HR, conduction, and cardiac output, can also cause brochoconstriction

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(Organ - Response)

Adrenal Medulla - ---

Arteries - Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Heart - Decreases heart rate and AV conduction; slight decrease in contractility

Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, and secretions - Increased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye - Constriction (Miosis)

Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder - Contraction

Urinary sphincter - Relaxation

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(Organ - Response)

Adrenal Medulla - Release of epinephrine

Arteries - Vasoconstriction (exceptions are the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)

Heart - Increases heart rate and AV* conduction; increases contractility

Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, and secretions - Decreased

Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye - Dilation (Mydriasis)

Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchodilation

Urinary bladder - Relaxation

Urinary sphincter - Contraction

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1. Muscarinic Receptor - located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

2. Nicotinic 1 (Nn) - at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

3. Nicotinic 2 (Nm) - somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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1. Alpha 1 - located on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins

2. Alpha 2 - located on the central nervous system

3. Beta 1 - located on the heart

4. Beta 2 - located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

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released from preganglionic nerve fibers at the autonomic ganglion of both divisions

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released from postganglionic nerve fibers

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Acetylcholine (ACH)

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Norepinephrine

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(craniosacral division)
- originates from the brain (cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10) and spinal cord (sacral nerves S2 to S4). The cranial nerves supply the internal organs and glands of the head, thoracic cavity, and upper portion of the abdominal cavity. The sacral nerves supply the lower portion of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

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(thoracolumbar division)
- originates from the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T1 to L3). The thoracic nerves supply the internal organs and glands of the head, thoracic cavity, and upper abdominal cavity. The lumbar nerves supply the lower portion of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.