# data[].attributes.body
In the future I want to work with tourism, that‘s the reason why I have to study more vocabulary about this subject. There are more and more international guests, who visit us in the alps, so it‘s very important to be able to communicate with them.

What can I do to improve this?

Read an article about  tourism, an interwiev or a website of a tourism destination, once a week

underline the new words

Make a table on word and write down the words in english and german or create a Quizlet with the words I do not know and play it every second day

Read the table every second day and try to remember the words

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It‘s a little bit difficult for me to speak english fluently. I often have some words in my mind, but it‘s hard to form sentences and to express myself. It‘s very important to be able to have conversations with people and to understand them. Not only while I‘m working but also while I‘m traveling.

What can I do to improve this?

Watch movies, series or youtube videos in english once a week

Summarize them with my own words to my boyfriend or roommate (they are both very good at speaking english, so they will improve my mistakes)

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Activity:
On YouTube I watched the video KONY 2012

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc

Documentation and reflection:

I heard about this film long time ago, but I never watched it or knew something about it. That is the reason why I chose it.
The film is about Jacob, a little child, his brother was killed by Kony. Jason Russel, one of the founders of the organisation “Invisible Children” who wanted to capture Kony, promised Jacob that they will do everything to “Stop Kony”.
This documentary film was very interesting and shocking at the same moment.
At the same time I summarised the  video to my boyfriend who did also learn something new, because he didn’t know anything about Kony.

Time spent:
50 min

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Article: Tourism in a Post-Pandemic world

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Article: Tourism in a Post-Pandemic world

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Activity:
I read an article about tourism called: Tourism in a Post-Pandemic world

https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/02/24/na022521-how-to-save-travel-and-tourism-in-a-post-pandemic-world

Documentation and reflection:
As we can already see from the title, the article is about tourism during and after Covid. In other words it is about impacts in tourism in countries like Costa Rica and Thailand after the pandemic.
Especially that countries that are far away from Europe had no tourism during Covid. Fortunately there are more and more people traveling to such countries this year, but I am sure that they will feel this effects for a long time.

The language in the article was good to understand, nevertheless there were some new words for me. I wrote these words down and translated them. Lastly I downloaded a “Quizlet” app and created my own flashcard, I played the game about 3/4 times last week. Here I will also add the new words from the next exercises.

Time spent: 40 min

# data[].attributes.body
Activity:
Comma placement - exercises

http://depts.dyc.edu/learningcenter/owl/exercises/comma_placement_ex1.htm

https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/quiz_results.asp

https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/exercises/Answers/AnswersComma01.aspx?

https://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/maguirem/quiz.html.htm

Documentation and reflection:

In the last weeks I realized that I have difficulties with the comma placement in english. That‘s why I decided to do some exercises concerning this topic. First of all I searched and read some important rules for comma placement.
After that I did some exercises.
I made some mistakes in the first exercise, but I also noticed, that it went better and better each exercise.

Time spent:
4o min

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_Ue6REkeTA

Action:
I watched the second part of the documentary KONY 2012

Documentation and reflection:
When I realised that there is also a second part of the documentary KONY 2012, it was clear that I will watch this too. I was very curious to see, how the documentary would continued.
The second part of the video shows, how the organisation “Invisible Children” went around the world and told stories of the people in Uganda, Kongo and Sudan. They tried to inspire especially young people in schools. After a short time they build up a big network of young people fighting for liberty and against Kony. The politics has also promised to help the organisation to stop Kony.

I found the language in the second part a little more difficult than in the first part of the documentary. I had to listen some parts twice, but than it was understandable.
Than I told my boyfriend about se second part of the documentary to train my talking.

Time spent:
45 min

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Article: Amazon celebrates 25th birthday

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Article: Amazon celebrates 25th birthday

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https://www.english-online.at/news-articles/business-economy/amazon-celebrates-25th-birthday.htm

Activity:
I read an article about Amazon’s 25th birthday

Documentation and reflection:
I found this article about Amazon’s 25th birthday and I found the title very exciting, that’s the reason why I decided to read it.
The text tells about the development of the largest internet company in the world. At the beginning Amazon was an online bookstore, since the last years it dominate the online commerce worldwide.
But the company also got critic,  for instance because of law payment and poor working conditions.

It was easy for me to understand the text, nevertheless there were some words I didn’t know. I added them to my quizlet App on my phone.

Time spent:
30 min

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Amazon, the largest internet company in the world , is celebrating its 25th birthday. It was founded by Jeff Bezos on June 5, 1994 in a garage in Seattle . At the beginning Amazon was an online bookstore. In the past 2 years it has become the largest retail company in the world and dominated the world of online commerce.

Amazon has changed the way people shop. It expanded, from selling only books to offering CDs, software and a wide range of household appliances and smart devices. There are few things you can't buy on Amazon. It has also become a marketplace where other companies can sell their products.

In 2018 Amazon became the largest online sales company in the world, selling over 500 billion dollars' worth of products worldwide. It has 600,000 employees and is worth almost 1 trillion dollars, second only to Apple. CEO Jeff Bezos is known to be the richest person on earth.

Amazon has experienced a period of strong growth whenever the company came out with new innovative products. In 2005, it launched Amazon Prime , which offered quicker delivery and special offers to loyal customers. Today more than a hundred million people are subscribed to Prime's video and music service.
In 2007, Amazon revolutionized the world of reading with the company's first electronic reader. Since then the Kindle has accounted for 60% of all e-readers globally.

A few years ago, the company introduced Alexa, a voice-controlled personal assistant, which people can communicate with. In 2016 Amazon opened its first food store, which allows customers to pay without going through a checkout desk.
One of the reasons for Amazon's huge success is the way it handles deliveries. In many cases products are brought to a customer's home within one or two days. Amazon's gigantic warehouses are largely automated. A few years ago, the company started experimenting with delivering items through drones.

Even though Amazon is a unique story of success it has also undergone criticism. Employees complain about not being treated fairly and having to work under enormous pressure. The company has also been accused of offering low pay and poor working conditions to its employees. In Europe they have found ways to pay less tax.

Related Topics

Words

account = here : to be part of something

accuse of = to say that someone is guilty of doing something wrong

assistant = someone who helps you do things

automated = when machines and computers do things instead of people

celebrate = here: to show that this is a special day and do something special on it

CEO = chief executive officer = the boss of a company

checkout desk = place where you pay for the things you buy in a store

commerce = trade; the buying and selling of products

complain = to say that you are not happy about something and would like it to be changed

deliver = bring products to a customer

dominate = control, lead, to be the best

drone = object that can fly without a pilot

employee = person who works in a company

enormous = strong

expand = to become bigger

experience = face, deal with, go through

found - founded = to start a company

gigantic = very large

handle = deal with

household appliances = machine that does things certain things at home

huge = very big

innovative = new

launch = to start a company

loyal customer = here: a person who buys from Amazon over and over again

retail company = company that buys and sells products to customers

revolutionize = change, transform

smart device = a small machine that connects you to other objects and the internet

subscribe = to pay money regularly in order to get something or use a service

tax = money that you pay to a government when you sell something in a country

trillion = 1,000,000,000,000

undergo, undergone = experience , feel

unique = special

warehouse = building where many products are kept , before they are delivered to shops or customers

wide range = here: many kinds of products

worth = the value of something

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Amazon, the largest internet company in the world , is celebrating its 25th birthday. It was founded by Jeff Bezos on June 5, 1994 in a garage in Seattle . At the beginning Amazon was an online bookstore. In the past 2 years it has become the largest retail company in the world and dominated the world of online commerce.

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Video: The impact of terrorism on tourism

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Video: The impact of terrorism on tourism

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyYo6quHZss

Activity:
I watched a documentary about the impact of terrorism on tourism

Documentation and reflection:
The documentary called „The impact of terrorism on tourism“, is about the terrorist attacks in Tunisia, Egypt and Turkey, which happened few years ago.
Al tree countries were very touristic, but as you can imagine, terrorism had left a big shock in mind of tourists. Terrorist attacks are even now influencing the chosen destination of many europeans.
In the video there were also many interviews of local people who talked about there experiences. A hotel owner for instance told, that she only survives because she owns other hotels anywhere else. Another man who was selling souvenirs on the market told that he is still not able to cover the costs without European tourists.
It‘s very, very sad to hear such things and I can‘t understand why people want to ruin others.

The documentary was not the easiest for me to understand, but I watched some parts with subtitles, this was much easier.
I also wrote down some new words.

Time spent:
1 hour

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The impact of terrorism on tourism | DW Documentary

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Video: The 3 Magic Ingredients of Amazing Presentations

# data[].attributes.subject
Video: The 3 Magic Ingredients of Amazing Presentations

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoD8RMq2OkU

Activity:
I have watched a video called “The 3 Magic Ingredients of Amazing Presentations

Documentation and reflection:
The video was posted on the YouTube channel of TED Talks and as we have our presentations next week, I thought that if could be a good and interesting video to watch.
Phil Waknell, the speaker explained the most important aspects of doing presentations. First and foremost he talked about the audience.  The presenter has to be informed about who the audience is and about what the audience now. Following questions are important: Why to the care? But also  why do I care? Secondly, he explained that it is also important beyond informing, to transform the audience. To change what the audience know, but also what they feel or for example what they do.

The video was very interesting and helpful for my presentation. I am going to try to address the mentioned aspects in my presentation

Time spent:
35 minutes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The 3 Magic Ingredients of Amazing Presentations | Phil WAKNELL | TEDxSaclay

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Website: Ski World Cup Val Gardena - History

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Website: Ski World Cup Val Gardena - History

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https://www.saslong.org/en/races/history/

Activity:
I read the history of the ski world cup in Val Gardena

Documentation and reflection:
As alpine skiing is one of my biggest passions, I was very interest in knowing more about the Ski World Cup in Val Gardena and his history. For this reason I read their website, which was very fascinating.
The first ski race in Val Gardena was in 1969 and already one year after the little village hosted the Ski Championships.
The ski world cup was a good start for the valley as a ski resort. New lifts and infrastructures were built, who helped Val Gardena to become a very successful ski resort.
The most spectators, about 40.000, were experiences when Gustav Thöni and Ingemar Stenmark were fighting against each other on the Saslong. But there are still lots of viewers also these days.
The text was very good understandable, after reading I told it to my brother, who corrected my mistakes while talking.

Time spent:
35 minutes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For the first time in 1969, a FIS Ski World Cup race was held in Val Gardena/Gröden. In 1967, the International Ski Federation decided to host the 1970 Ski World Championships in the valley. That's why a downhill slope had to be built: the local organizers decided to refer to the new FIS guidelines: more technique, less risk. The Swiss Janiel Danilel Dätwyler won the inaugural race in a time of 2:07.75.

The 1970 Ski World Championships not only formed an important milestone in the history of the valley but also constituted an significant stage in the organization of major sporting events. The World Cup was the starting point for new technologies, for innovative forms of advertising, but above all it offered a unique opportunity to make this valley located in the heart of the Dolomites known all over the world. At the time, the races ended in four different finish areas, namely Ronc, Ciampinoi, Cir and Saslonch.

The World Cup has decisively shaped the valley and helped it become a tourist destination. Many accommodations doubled the number of beds and numerous VIPs found their way to Val Gardena/Gröden. In terms of sports, it returned again in 1972 and has since then become a traditional venue for Ski World Cup races. In 1975, Val Gardena/Gröden hosted the World Cup Finals for the first and only time. Reminiscent of a parallel giant slalom, in which the South Tyrolean Gustav Thöni prevailed against the Swede Ingemar Stenmark winning the overall World Cup. 40,000 spectators witnessed the event.

Since then, no technical races have been hosted in the valley, but instead only downhill and since 2002 also Super G. 1980 will be remembered when the North Tyrolean Uli Spiess jumped for the first time over the Camel Humps. Not everyone was able to emulate him and many fell in the attempt. For this reason, the course conditions were changed but one of the most spectacular parts of the Ski World Cup still remains. The runners jump up to 80 meters and are up to six meters above the ground.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
FIS Ski World Cup Val Gardena - Gröden - History

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For the first time in 1969, a FIS Ski World Cup race was held in Val Gardena/Gröden. In 1967, the International Ski Federation decided to host the 1970 Ski World Championships in the valley. That’s why a downhill slope had to be built: the local organizers decided to refer to the new FIS guidelines:…

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jPQjjsBbIc

This week I watched the TED talk called “How to stay calm when you know you’ll be stressed.”
Daniel Levitin is talking about mistakes made in stressful situations and and how to avoid them in different situations.

To be honest it was difficult for me to understand the video. There were not many difficult or new words but I had difficulties in understand the context. I watched the video twice, one time with and the second time without subtitles. Then it was clearer.

Time spent:
45 minutes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed | Daniel Levitin | TED

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This week I read a chapter from the study of Ms. Stadler. The study is about leisure in families and how important it is for the well being. Above all, the they are also talking about the importance of events in leisure times. What I liked really much about the text were the interviews to the different family members and to read how different people spend leisure time and if they are spending more time in Core or in Balance leisure activities. Core leisure means that there are regular activities which are usually repeated several times for instance having breakfast together. Balance leisure activities are special events which do not take place so often, this are mostly bigger events for example concerts or festivals .

The text was really nice and understandable to read, there were some new words which I translated but in general I understood it very well. After reading it, I summarised the study in some sentences to my boyfriend.

Time spent:
50 minutes

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Netflix Serie: Alex Schwazer - Running for my truth

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Netflix Serie: Alex Schwazer - Running for my truth

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Over the last two weeks I watched an english series on Netflix. It’s called “Alex Schwarzer - Running for my truth”.

Alex Schwarzer is a South Tyrolean athlete in walking. He won the gold medal at the Olympic games in Beijing in 2008. After this success, his life consisted only of training, eating and sleeping.
After some time during a race, Schwazer found out, that several Russian athletes were taking doping. This made him very insecure and so depressed, that he decided to travel to Turkey to take doping as well. The Italian sport was shocked by this news, which was not a secret for long. Schwazer could not participate to the Olympics in 2012, he was banned.
He immediately realized that the doping was a big mistake and tried to fight his way back to the top with a lot of training. His objective was the olympic games in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro.
The doping controls after had always turned out negative, but suddenly, just before the Olympics, the shocking news: Schwazer was again tested positive on doping.
He assured that he had not doped a second time, but the court did not believe him. A few days before the race, the court got the proof that the blood test was faked. The court, however, decided to ban Schwazer for 8 years, the Olympic dream was finished again.
The only positive news Schwazer received during this difficult time was that his wife was pregnant.

I remember  years ago when the scandal of Alex Schwazer ran in the media. But I never really followed it. Now with this series, many facts have been uncovered that no one knew before. I liked the series very much, even though I find it terrible how unfair things often go on in this world.

Time spent:
5 hours

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6n3iNh4XLI

This TED talk hold by the reporter Celeste  Headlee is about having good conversations with other people.
A good conversation required a balance between talking and listening. According to a study of the PEW Center, a third of American teenagers send more than 100 text messages a day and prefers to write instead to talk to others mouth-to mouth.
Headlee is talking about some different points that should be followed while having a conversation:
1) Don’t multitask: be present in the moment and don’t be half in, half out
2) Don’t pontificate
3) Use open ender questions (who, what, why): the response will be much more interesting
4) If you don’t know, say that you don’t know
5) Don’t equate your experience with theirs: experiences will never be the same, for instance if someone tells you that things are not working good at work, don’t compare it with you
6) Don’t repeat yourself: it’s boring for the listener
7) Stay out of the weeds: people don’t care about names, dates,…
8) Listen! : is the most important thing. If you’re not listening, you’re not in a conversation
9) Be brief

I found this talk very interesting and there were also some points in it, which I will remember for my future.
I watched the video twice, but than if was good understandable.

Time spent:
45 minutes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Have a Good Conversation | Celeste Headlee | TEDxCreativeCoast

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k

In this TED talk the cognitive scientist Lea Boroditsky told how languages shapes the way people think. There are more than 7000 spoken overall the world, but every language has different accents, structures and nouns.
Ms. Boroditsky  showed some examples:
In one area of Australia, people speak a language where there is no left and right. They only orientate themselves to the directions north, south, east and west.
Or another example. In English there is a word for the colour blue. In a Russian language, however, there are several words for the different shades of blue.
And no matter what language we grow up with, we tend to understand things the way we have always known them.
I've never really thought about this myself, but this video made me realise that different languages make people think und unterstand things differently.

The language in the video was relatively easy to understand and I also understood the content of the video well the first time I watched it.

Time spent:
40 minutes

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How Language Shapes the Way We Think | Lera Boroditsky | TED

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Podcast: Is the British Monarchy still relevant in 2023?

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Podcast: Is the British Monarchy still relevant in 2023?

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https://open.spotify.com/episode/626ecK6LQSsFyoeLXNhWLq?si=Mfumthr8QxaXsn9zQDsl_Q

I listened to a Podcast on Spotify regarding the topic if the British Monarchy is still relevant in 2023.

Last week there was the coronation of King Charles III. This was a moment of where many people started to think if a Monarchy is still relevant nowadays.
It was the time after the Second World War, when Queen Elizabeth got crowned. At that time the coronation was a sign of a new beginnings and hope. In all her years as queen, she was always loved by everyone because she never spoke badly of others. However, it is different with her son, Charles. Many people are sceptical and don't like him, especially because of his history with Diana.
Those who were against the monarchy criticised the high costs of the coronation, especially now in a time of crisis.

Vocabulary:

Monarchy: A system of government with a king or queen as the leader

Eccentric: A person or behavior that is unusual, strange, or different from what is considered normal

Underwhelming: Not impressive, exciting, or satisfying; disappointing

Time spent:
45 minutes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is The British Monarchy Still Relevant In 2023? Ep 639

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Article: Artificial Intelligence and the future of humans

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Article: Artificial Intelligence and the future of humans

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https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/12/10/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-humans/

In the last few months, artificial intelligence has drown lots of attention to the people. At the very beginning people thought that this kind of revolution would bring just positive aspects on humans everyday life. In fact, in many areas AI does really make it easier. However there is the danger of getting used to it and that people can no longer reflect of think about something without AI. It is especially a danger for the young generation, for the kids who grow up with. I think that also schools have to rethink and to analyse how to manage AI, when does it really make sense and at what point is it harmful?
Personally, I am sceptical about artificial intelligence. AI knows anything from everyone, therefore I asked myself where does the information come? This made me think again that it is very bad to give my own data everywhere and without thinking. I am convinced that people who own data will have great power in the future and that AI will present us big challenges that we cannot yet predict.

Time spent:
50 minutes

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Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech

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Digital life is augmenting human capacities and disrupting eons-old human activities. Code-driven systems have spread to more than half of the world's inhabitants in ambient information and connectivity, offering previously unimagined opportunities and unprecedented threats. As emerging algorithm-driven artificial intelligence (AI) continues to spread, will people be better off than they are today?

Some 979 technology pioneers, innovators, developers, business and policy leaders, researchers and activists answered this question in a canvassing of experts conducted in the summer of 2018.

The experts predicted networked artificial intelligence will amplify human effectiveness but also threaten human autonomy, agency and capabilities. They spoke of the wide-ranging possibilities; that computers might match or even exceed human intelligence and capabilities on tasks such as complex decision-making, reasoning and learning, sophisticated analytics and pattern recognition, visual acuity, speech recognition and language translation. They said "smart" systems in communities, in vehicles, in buildings and utilities, on farms and in business processes will save time, money and lives and offer opportunities for individuals to enjoy a more-customized future.

Many focused their optimistic remarks on health care and the many possible applications of AI in diagnosing and treating patients or helping senior citizens live fuller and healthier lives. They were also enthusiastic about AI's role in contributing to broad public-health programs built around massive amounts of data that may be captured in the coming years about everything from personal genomes to nutrition. Additionally, a number of these experts predicted that AI would abet long-anticipated changes in formal and informal education systems.

Yet, most experts, regardless of whether they are optimistic or not, expressed concerns about the long-term impact of these new tools on the essential elements of being human. All respondents in this non-scientific canvassing were asked to elaborate on why they felt AI would leave people better off or not. Many shared deep worries, and many also suggested pathways toward solutions. The main themes they sounded about threats and remedies are outlined in the accompanying table.

[chart id="21972″]

Specifically, participants were asked to consider the following:
"Please think forward Our question: By 2030, do you think it is most likely that advancing AI and related technology systems will enhance human capacities and empower them? That is, most of the time, will most people be better off than they are today? Or is it most likely that advancing AI and related technology systems will lessen human autonomy and agency to such an extent that most people will not be better off than the way things are today?" to the year 2030. Analysts expect that people will become even more dependent on networked artificial intelligence (AI) in complex digital systems. Some say we will continue on the historic arc of augmenting our lives with mostly positive results as we widely implement these networked tools. Some say our increasing dependence on these AI and related systems is likely to lead to widespread difficulties.
Overall, and despite the downsides they fear, 63% of respondents in this canvassing said they are hopeful that most individuals will be mostly better off in 2030, and 37% said people will not be better off.

A number of the thought leaders who participated in this canvassing said humans' expanding reliance on technological systems will only go well if close attention is paid to how these tools, platforms and networks are engineered, distributed and updated. Some of the powerful, overarching answers included those from:

Sonia Katyal, co-director of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology and a member of the inaugural U.S. Commerce Department Digital Economy Board of Advisors, predicted, "In 2030, the greatest set of questions will involve how perceptions of AI and their application will influence the trajectory of civil rights in the future. Questions about privacy, speech, the right of assembly and technological construction of personhood will all re-emerge in this new AI context, throwing into question our deepest-held beliefs about equality and opportunity for all. Who will benefit and who will be disadvantaged in this new world depends on how broadly we analyze these questions today, for the future."

We need to work aggressively to make sure technology matches our values. Erik Brynjolfsson

Erik Brynjolfsson, director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and author of "Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future," said, "AI and related technologies have already achieved superhuman performance in many areas, and there is little doubt that their capabilities will improve, probably very significantly, by 2030. ... I think it is more likely than not that we will use this power to make the world a better place. For instance, we can virtually eliminate global poverty, massively reduce disease and provide better education to almost everyone on the planet. That said, AI and ML [machine learning] can also be used to increasingly concentrate wealth and power, leaving many people behind, and to create even more horrifying weapons. Neither outcome is inevitable, so the right question is not 'What will happen?' but 'What will we choose to do?' We need to work aggressively to make sure technology matches our values. This can and must be done at all levels, from government, to business, to academia, and to individual choices."

Bryan Johnson, founder and CEO of Kernel, a leading developer of advanced neural interfaces, and OS Fund, a venture capital firm, said, "I strongly believe the answer depends on whether we can shift our economic systems toward prioritizing radical human improvement and staunching the trend toward human irrelevance in the face of AI. I don't mean just jobs; I mean true, existential irrelevance, which is the end result of not prioritizing human well-being and cognition."

Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, said, "Without significant changes in our political economy and data governance regimes [AI] is likely to create greater economic inequalities, more surveillance and more programmed and non-human-centric interactions. Every time we program our environments, we end up programming ourselves and our interactions. Humans have to become more standardized, removing serendipity and ambiguity from our interactions. And this ambiguity and complexity is what is the essence of being human."

Judith Donath, author of "The Social Machine, Designs for Living Online" and faculty fellow at Harvard University's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, commented, "By 2030, most social situations will be facilitated by bots - intelligent-seeming programs that interact with us in human-like ways. At home, parents will engage skilled bots to help kids with homework and catalyze dinner conversations. At work, bots will run meetings. A bot confidant will be considered essential for psychological well-being, and we'll increasingly turn to such companions for advice ranging from what to wear to whom to marry. We humans care deeply about how others see us - and the others whose approval we seek will increasingly be artificial. By then, the difference between humans and bots will have blurred considerably. Via screen and projection, the voice, appearance and behaviors of bots will be indistinguishable from those of humans, and even physical robots, though obviously non-human, will be so convincingly sincere that our impression of them as thinking, feeling beings, on par with or superior to ourselves, will be unshaken. Adding to the ambiguity, our own communication will be heavily augmented: Programs will compose many of our messages and our online/AR appearance will [be] computationally crafted. (Raw, unaided human speech and demeanor will seem embarrassingly clunky, slow and unsophisticated.) Aided by their access to vast troves of data about each of us, bots will far surpass humans in their ability to attract and persuade us. Able to mimic emotion expertly, they'll never be overcome by feelings: If they blurt something out in anger, it will be because that behavior was calculated to be the most efficacious way of advancing whatever goals they had 'in mind.' But what are those goals? Artificially intelligent companions will cultivate the impression that social goals similar to our own motivate them - to be held in good regard, whether as a beloved friend, an admired boss, etc. But their real collaboration will be with the humans and institutions that control them. Like their forebears today, these will be sellers of goods who employ them to stimulate consumption and politicians who commission them to sway opinions."

Andrew McLaughlin, executive director of the Center for Innovative Thinking at Yale University, previously deputy chief technology officer of the United States for President Barack Obama and global public policy lead for Google, wrote, "2030 is not far in the future. My sense is that innovations like the internet and networked AI have massive short-term benefits, along with long-term negatives that can take decades to be recognizable. AI will drive a vast range of efficiency optimizations but also enable hidden discrimination and arbitrary penalization of individuals in areas like insurance, job seeking and performance assessment."

Michael M. Roberts, first president and CEO of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and Internet Hall of Fame member, wrote, "The range of opportunities for intelligent agents to augment human intelligence is still virtually unlimited. The major issue is that the more convenient an agent is, the more it needs to know about you - preferences, timing, capacities, etc. - which creates a tradeoff of more help requires more intrusion. This is not a black-and-white issue - the shades of gray and associated remedies will be argued endlessly. The record to date is that convenience overwhelms privacy. I suspect that will continue."

danah boyd, a principal researcher for Microsoft and founder and president of the Data & Society Research Institute, said, "AI is a tool that will be used by humans for all sorts of purposes, including in the pursuit of power. There will be abuses of power that involve AI, just as there will be advances in science and humanitarian efforts that also involve AI. Unfortunately, there are certain trend lines that are likely to create massive instability. Take, for example, climate change and climate migration. This will further destabilize Europe and the U.S., and I expect that, in panic, we will see AI be used in harmful ways in light of other geopolitical crises."

Amy Webb, founder of the Future Today Institute and professor of strategic foresight at New York University, commented, "The social safety net structures currently in place in the U.S. and in many other countries around the world weren't designed for our transition to AI. The transition through AI will last the next 50 years or more. As we move farther into this third era of computing, and as every single industry becomes more deeply entrenched with AI systems, we will need new hybrid-skilled knowledge workers who can operate in jobs that have never needed to exist before. We'll need farmers who know how to work with big data sets. Oncologists trained as robotocists. Biologists trained as electrical engineers. We won't need to prepare our workforce just once, with a few changes to the curriculum. As AI matures, we will need a responsive workforce, capable of adapting to new processes, systems and tools every few years. The need for these fields will arise faster than our labor departments, schools and universities are acknowledging. It's easy to look back on history through the lens of present - and to overlook the social unrest caused by widespread technological unemployment. We need to address a difficult truth that few are willing to utter aloud: AI will eventually cause a large number of people to be permanently out of work. Just as generations before witnessed sweeping changes during and in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, the rapid pace of technology will likely mean that Baby Boomers and the oldest members of Gen X - especially those whose jobs can be replicated by robots - won't be able to retrain for other kinds of work without a significant investment of time and effort."

Barry Chudakov, founder and principal of Sertain Research, commented, "By 2030 the human-machine/AI collaboration will be a necessary tool to manage and counter the effects of multiple simultaneous accelerations: broad technology advancement, globalization, climate change and attendant global migrations. In the past, human societies managed change through gut and intuition, but as Eric Teller, CEO of Google X, has said, 'Our societal structures are failing to keep pace with the rate of change.' To keep pace with that change and to manage a growing list of 'wicked problems' by 2030, AI - or using Joi Ito's phrase, extended intelligence - will value and revalue virtually every area of human behavior and interaction. AI and advancing technologies will change our response framework and time frames (which in turn, changes our sense of time). Where once social interaction happened in places - work, school, church, family environments - social interactions will increasingly happen in continuous, simultaneous time. If we are fortunate, we will follow the 23 Asilomar AI Principles outlined by the Future of Life Institute and will work toward 'not undirected intelligence but beneficial intelligence.' Akin to nuclear deterrence stemming from mutually assured destruction, AI and related technology systems constitute a force for a moral renaissance. We must embrace that moral renaissance, or we will face moral conundrums that could bring about human demise. ... My greatest hope for human-machine/AI collaboration constitutes a moral and ethical renaissance - we adopt a moonshot mentality and lock arms to prepare for the accelerations coming at us. My greatest fear is that we adopt the logic of our emerging technologies - instant response, isolation behind screens, endless comparison of self-worth, fake self-presentation - without thinking or responding smartly."

John C. Havens, executive director of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems and the Council on Extended Intelligence, wrote, "Now, in 2018, a majority of people around the world can't access their data, so any 'human-AI augmentation' discussions ignore the critical context of who actually controls people's information and identity. Soon it will be extremely difficult to identify any autonomous or intelligent systems whose algorithms don't interact with human data in one form or another."

At stake is nothing less than what sort of society we want to live in and how we experience our humanity. Batya Friedman

Batya Friedman, a human-computer interaction professor at the University of Washington's Information School, wrote, "Our scientific and technological capacities have and will continue to far surpass our moral ones - that is our ability to use wisely and humanely the knowledge and tools that we develop. ... Automated warfare - when autonomous weapons kill human beings without human engagement - can lead to a lack of responsibility for taking the enemy's life or even knowledge that an enemy's life has been taken. At stake is nothing less than what sort of society we want to live in and how we experience our humanity."

Greg Shannon, chief scientist for the CERT Division at Carnegie Mellon University, said, "Better/worse will appear 4:1 with the long-term ratio 2:1. AI will do well for repetitive work where 'close' will be good enough and humans dislike the work. ... Life will definitely be better as AI extends lifetimes, from health apps that intelligently 'nudge' us to health, to warnings about impending heart/stroke events, to automated health care for the underserved (remote) and those who need extended care (elder care). As to liberty, there are clear risks. AI affects agency by creating entities with meaningful intellectual capabilities for monitoring, enforcing and even punishing individuals. Those who know how to use it will have immense potential power over those who don't/can't. Future happiness is really unclear. Some will cede their agency to AI in games, work and community, much like the opioid crisis steals agency today. On the other hand, many will be freed from mundane, unengaging tasks/jobs. If elements of community happiness are part of AI objective functions, then AI could catalyze an explosion of happiness."

Kostas Alexandridis, author of "Exploring Complex Dynamics in Multi-agent-based Intelligent Systems," predicted, "Many of our day-to-day decisions will be automated with minimal intervention by the end-user. Autonomy and/or independence will be sacrificed and replaced by convenience. Newer generations of citizens will become more and more dependent on networked AI structures and processes. There are challenges that need to be addressed in terms of critical thinking and heterogeneity. Networked interdependence will, more likely than not, increase our vulnerability to cyberattacks. There is also a real likelihood that there will exist sharper divisions between digital 'haves' and 'have-nots,' as well as among technologically dependent digital infrastructures. Finally, there is the question of the new 'commanding heights' of the digital network infrastructure's ownership and control."

Oscar Gandy, emeritus professor of communication at the University of Pennsylvania, responded, "We already face an ungranted assumption when we are asked to imagine human-machine 'collaboration.' Interaction is a bit different, but still tainted by the grant of a form of identity - maybe even personhood - to machines that we will use to make our way through all sorts of opportunities and challenges. The problems we will face in the future are quite similar to the problems we currently face when we rely upon 'others' (including technological systems, devices and networks) to acquire things we value and avoid those other things (that we might, or might not be aware of)."

James Scofield O'Rourke, a professor of management at the University of Notre Dame, said, "Technology has, throughout recorded history, been a largely neutral concept. The question of its value has always been dependent on its application. For what purpose will AI and other technological advances be used? Everything from gunpowder to internal combustion engines to nuclear fission has been applied in both helpful and destructive ways. Assuming we can contain or control AI (and not the other way around), the answer to whether we'll be better off depends entirely on us (or our progeny). 'The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings.'"

Simon Biggs, a professor of interdisciplinary arts at the University of Edinburgh, said, "AI will function to augment human capabilities. The problem is not with AI but with humans. As a species we are aggressive, competitive and lazy. We are also empathic, community minded and (sometimes) self-sacrificing. We have many other attributes. These will all be amplified. Given historical precedent, one would have to assume it will be our worst qualities that are augmented. My expectation is that in 2030 AI will be in routine use to fight wars and kill people, far more effectively than we can currently kill. As societies we will be less affected by this as we currently are, as we will not be doing the fighting and killing ourselves. Our capacity to modify our behaviour, subject to empathy and an associated ethical framework, will be reduced by the disassociation between our agency and the act of killing. We cannot expect our AI systems to be ethical on our behalf - they won't be, as they will be designed to kill efficiently, not thoughtfully. My other primary concern is to do with surveillance and control. The advent of China's Social Credit System (SCS) is an indicator of what it likely to come. We will exist within an SCS as AI constructs hybrid instances of ourselves that may or may not resemble who we are. But our rights and affordances as individuals will be determined by the SCS. This is the Orwellian nightmare realised."

Mark Surman, executive director of the Mozilla Foundation, responded, "AI will continue to concentrate power and wealth in the hands of a few big monopolies based on the U.S. and China. Most people - and parts of the world - will be worse off."

William Uricchio, media scholar and professor of comparative media studies at MIT, commented, "AI and its related applications face three problems: development at the speed of Moore's Law, development in the hands of a technological and economic elite, and development without benefit of an informed or engaged public. The public is reduced to a collective of consumers awaiting the next technology. Whose notion of 'progress' will prevail? We have ample evidence of AI being used to drive profits, regardless of implications for long-held values; to enhance governmental control and even score citizens' 'social credit' without input from citizens themselves. Like technologies before it, AI is agnostic. Its deployment rests in the hands of society. But absent an AI-literate public, the decision of how best to deploy AI will fall to special interests. Will this mean equitable deployment, the amelioration of social injustice and AI in the public service? Because the answer to this question is social rather than technological, I'm pessimistic. The fix? We need to develop an AI-literate public, which means focused attention in the educational sector and in public-facing media. We need to assure diversity in the development of AI technologies. And until the public, its elected representatives and their legal and regulatory regimes can get up to speed with these fast-moving developments we need to exercise caution and oversight in AI's development."

The remainder of this report is divided into three sections that draw from hundreds of additional respondents' hopeful and critical observations: 1) concerns about human-AI evolution, 2) suggested solutions to address AI's impact, and 3) expectations of what life will be like in 2030, including respondents' positive outlooks on the quality of life and the future of work, health care and education. Some responses are lightly edited for style.

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Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humans

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Experts say the rise of artificial intelligence will make most people better off over the next decade, but many have concerns about how advances in AI will affect what it means to be human, to be productive and to exercise free will.