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E waste refers to the electric products that are nearing the end of their ‘useful life’. For example, computers, TVs, mobile phones etc

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E-waste is the discarded electrical and electronic devices after nearing the end of their usability

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Most waste: Europe and North America (especially USA)
Least waste: Africa and Asia

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Generally, HICs produce the most waste, in regions such as the USA, Canada, and Australia. Other regions produce less waste, generally in Asia and Africa

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the waste hierarchy ranks all the different waste management options into an order that is best for the environment

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The waste hierarchy is a model that shows the different ways to reduce waste. At the top of the hierarchy, the methods are the most sustainable and at the bottom the methods are the least sustainable.

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HICs --> produce the most waste due to being able to afford more (Europe, North America)
LICs --> produce less waste (South East Asia, Africa)

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Waste management is looking for different methods to extend products by finding different purposes for the waste before it is thrown away and considered useless.

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HIC's prod the most waste, America, countries is western Europe. Waste ends up in MIC's in Asia eg. India and China where informal waste economies have been created to recycle and deal with trash

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A circular economy incorporates aspects of waste management such as recycling and refurbishing as both ideas focus on minimizing waste

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E-waste are electronic products (cables, telephone, TVS etc.) that are thrown away.

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Countries in North America, Europe and Oceania produce the most waste. In specific, Scandinavian countries, the USA and New Zealand.

Countries producing the least amount of waste are those found in Central Africa, and Southeast Asia, Western Asia and the Middle East.

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Most e-waste comes for high-income, developed countries, however, they end up in low-income, developing countries that lack regulation. For example, waste from the USA being processed in Venezuela.

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ranks how waste is managed and based on how sustainable it is

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A lot of the e-waste originate from high income countries and are transported to low-income countries for disposal or recycling. ​

The main flows of e-waste are:

- Europe to Ghana (Agbobgloshie)​

- The United States to India and China​

- The United States to Nigeria​

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- Extended producer responsibility (e.g., sending a new piece when one part of an electronic is broken, instead of having to buy a whole new product).
- Donating used electronics.
- Recycling electronic products: factories can take apart gadgeys and reuse the materials to make new products.

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The waste hierarchy ranks waste management options according to what is best for the enviornment. Top priority goes to preventing waste in the first place.

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Ranks the different ways to deal with and reduce waste. The top of the diagram has "removed" which is the best way to reduce waste as not using the materials that produce waste means that there is no waste. Return is at the bottom. This is when waste is returned to the environment in a benign way

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Since the electronics are composed of toxic materials (e.g. PVC), when the devices are in landfills or “recycling” units in China or Nigeria, toxins are poisoning the workers as well as the environment.

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most e waste comes from HICs such as america and gets transported to countries such as China, Mexico, India for waste management

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Most waste comes from hics including but not limited to the USA, Canada and multiple countries in Western Europe while lower waste is recorded in LICs in regions such as Asia, generally south east Asia and Africa. The waste from HICs and around the worl commonly end up in MICs such as India

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- practices can expose workers to high levels of contaminants (mercury, lead) which can lead to harmful health effects e.g. cancer, neurological damages etc. --> seen in China

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When waste is managed well, it gets recycled back into the circular economy to be upcycled and used for other products. This not only reduces waste entirely, but also extends the life cycle of a product  and product value.

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-The toxins from e-waste get released into the environment in landfills or in unsupervised factories which pauses health problems for individuals who sift through the waste to find any valuable parts.
-When handing tech , there has proven to be 40% more miscarriages

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HIC tends to produce the most amount of waste, these includes countries such as the US. This is because HIC are able to afford and purchase more items thus producing more waste when the use for the product is complete.

LIC countries such as countries in Africa tend to produce less waste. The same reasoning to this is applied since countries with low income tend to be unable to purchase a lot of items.

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Take back laws (Europe and Asia):
Where countries hold manufacturers responsible for the collection and proper disposal of their products that are discarded by the customers.

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A circular economy encourages the recycling of materials to create regenerative flows and an economy where there is minimal waste. Waste management is essential for a circular economy. The recycling of goods to use them in new products is needed for a circular economy.

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Describes the model to which waste can be resolved via ways of recycling. Many of the ways at the top of the hierarchy are much more sustainable as it goes down to the lower ways to resolve waste

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Extended Producer Responsibility
-  policy approach under which producers are given responsibility for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products

Product Takeback
- bringing products and the materials contained from composed electronics back into use rather than bringing them to landfills

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- Extended producer responsibility e.g producer is responsible for recycling own waste or creating innovations that help sustain life cycle of products ‘
- Implementation of laws and regulations
- Reverse green laws and cut back on chemicals
- New innovation to increase sustainability

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- Workers may be exposed to high levels of contaminants such as lead and ercury, which can lead to irreversible implications, for example, cancer.
- When e-waste is exposed to the heat, toxic chemicals are released into the air damaging the atmosphere, these chemicals can then seep into the groundwater, affecting water supplies, which can damage marine ecosystems and contaminate clean water. Furthermore, electronic waste can also contribute to air pollution, which may lead to health impacts, such as lung cancer.

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-Companies should be held responsible for their e-waste(called take back laws) They should extend producer responsibility
-People should join together and demand stricter laws on waste management + ask for the design of items which are made to last

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E-waste describes the waste and trash which comes from electronics such as smartphones, tvs and other products which allows for electronic use. Electronic waste is many times very hard to recycle or upcycle to use again however new plans are in place to reduce waste and extract the raw materials.

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Electronic equipment that's been discared (e.g., mobile phones, computers).

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A set of priorities for the efficient use of resources; a ranking system used for the different ease management options according to which is the best for the environment.

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Any form of electronic waste. (phones, laptops etc.)

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Most E waste comes from HIC'S eg, America and end up in MIC's like India and China for waste management

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High-income countries (e.g., USA) produce the most waste, while low-income countries (e.g., countries in Central Africa) produce the least waste.

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-Dangerous processing methods
- health risks dealing with harmful chemicals
- Informal economies are created for the management of E-waste. (informal=untaxable)

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extended producer responsibility
-  policy approach where producers are responsible for the disposal of their materials

Product Takeback
- bringing materials contained in products in electronics back into use rather than wasting them and throwing them in landfills