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He influenced Socrates of Athens and
theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small "atoms." He didn't know what held atoms together. He had an idea that if you took material and divided it in half you would have a smaller but identical chunk, and eventually there should be a point where you've reached the smallest representative element of your material, The atom.

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Dalton's theory of atoms was that all matter is made of atoms, which is invisible. His experiment on gases led to his discovery that the total pressure of a mixture of gases amounted to the sum of the partial pressures that each individual gas exerted while occupying the same space. The indivisibility of an atom was proved wrong, an atom can be further subdivided into protons, neutrons and electrons

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His atom theory was that negative electrons are scattered throughout a sphere of positive charge. He experimented with cathode ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons.  He was wrong about the positive charge of an atom was all one uniform blob of matter with the electrons moving in orbits inside the nucleus.

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Rutherford described the atom as having a tiny, dense, and positively charged core called the nucleus. He discovered the dense atomic nucleus by bombarding a thin gold sheet with the alpha particles emitted by radium. During his experiment the planetary model of the atom failed to explain why individual atoms produce discrete line spectra.

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Bohr's theory was that some physical quantities only take discrete values. He discovered a model of the atom in which the electron was able to occupy only certain orbits around the nucleus. The main problem with Bohr's model is that it works very well for atoms with only one electron, like H or He+, but not at all for multi-electron atoms.

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Schrodinger's theorized that the behavior of electrons within atoms could be explained by treating them mathematically as matter waves. He discovered the
Schrödinger's wave equation,  as a result of his dissatisfaction with the quantum condition in Bohr's orbit theory and his belief that atomic spectra should really be determined by some kind of eigenvalue problem.