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Dobereiner - Triads
Newlands - Octaves
Mendeleev - Periodic Law
Modern - The current Periodic Table

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Ions - same amount of protons and electrons
Isotope - vast difference in amount of protons and neutrons

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koAFBScR41A&vl=en

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Worked example: Identifying isotopes and ions | Chemistry | Khan Acaddemy

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Cations - positively charged ions
Anions - negatively charged ions

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The amount of time it takes for one-half of a radioactive isotope to decay

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Other contributors to the Periodic Table

The Greeks - believed that there are 4 building blocks: Fire, Water, Earth, Air
Robert Boyle - discovered that elements' atoms could not be broken down with chemical means
Humphry Davy - discovered Sodium and Potassium
Henry Moseley - discovered atomic number with X-rays

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The spontaneous breakdown of unstable nuclei in an atom

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Henri Becquerel - discovered radioactivity placing uranium salts on top of a photographic plate wrapped in black paper

Marie and Pierre Curie - coined the term "Radioactivity"

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Particle decay is the spontaneous emission of unstable subatomic particles, transforming them into other particles

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Alpha Decay - the ejection of subatomic particles similar to helium
Beta Decay - the ejection of a single electron
Gamma Decay - the emission of gamma rays

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bptQMu7utWY&t=10s

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The Periodic Table is a display of all known & barely known elements. It is arranged by atomic number (amount of protons in an atom), and is a further developed version of Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table.

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Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. Fully descriptive writeups.

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Democritus - he believed that matter is composed of particles, and that particles are so small that they are indivisible.
John Dalton - believed that all matter is made up of atoms and that these atoms cannot be broken down into simpler particles.

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William Crookes - discovered cathode rays with an experiment using vacuum tubes.
JJ Thomson - discovered electrons and its mass-to-charge ratio by using cathode rays.
GJ Stoney - named the electron before it was discovered.
Millikan - discovered the size of the charge of the electron

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Rutherford - by firing alpha particles at a gold foil, he discovered the proton, and also came up with the planetary model
Chadwick - discovered the electron by bombarding a sample of beryllium with alpha particles