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we cand find a way to find and protection

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it will help!

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Login to access and create your next design.

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We could grow phytoplankton because they moderate the climate and polyps (coral) eat it so the coral would 

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We could grow phytoplankton because they moderate the climate and polyps (coral) eat it so the coral would 

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Vessel strikes occur when a boat collides with a marine animal. It can happen to any type of vessel and any marine species. Private and commercial watercraft are involved. Most reported collisions involve large whales, seals, or sea lions.

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Vessel strikes occur when a boat collides with a marine animal. It can happen to any type of vessel and any marine species. Private and commercial watercraft are involved. Most reported collisions involve large whales, seals, or sea lions.

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Habitat destruction due to climate change, rising sea temperatures and pollution, overfishing and plastic pollution are probably the three most critical. If they continue to increase or insufficient action is taken to prevent further damage, the well being of this and future generations could be in peril.

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 Plastic pollution not only affects aquatic ecosystems, but it also poses a threat to terrestrial environments. It has a significant impact on wildlife, leading to entanglement, ingestion, and habitat disruption. Additionally, it contributes to various environmental issues such as soil pollution and greenhouse gas emissions through the degradation of plastic waste.

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 Plastic pollution not only affects aquatic ecosystems, but it also poses a threat to terrestrial environments. It has a significant impact on wildlife, leading to entanglement, ingestion, and habitat disruption. Additionally, it contributes to various environmental issues such as soil pollution and greenhouse gas emissions through the degradation of plastic waste.

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Oil spills Oil spills are more common than you might think, and they happen in many different ways. Thousands of oil spills occur in U.S. waters each year. Most of these spills are small, for example when oil spills while refueling a ship. But these spills can still cause damage, especially if they happen in sensitive environments, like beaches, mangroves, and wetlands.

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During the SUBMERGED℠ Season, FIRST LEGO League teams will use creative thinking and LEGO ® technology to explore the layers of the ocean and bring their learnings and ideas to the surface as they "sea" into the future.

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The SUBMERGED Season - FIRST LEGO League an educational STEM Programm for everybody between 4 and 16

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During the SUBMERGED℠ Season, FIRST LEGO League teams will use creative thinking and LEGO ® technology to explore the layers of the ocean and bring their learnings and ideas to the surface as they "sea" into the future.

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Ocean acidification is a lesser-known but equally significant consequence of climate change that poses a grave threat to marine ecosystems worldwide

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Overfishing and ecosystem balance. Overfishing occurs when fishing changes the balance of the ecosystem. When fishing leads to a decline or loss

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Pollution. Many fertilizers and pesticides used systematically in agriculture end up falling into the ocean. Some of these products cause irreversible and ...

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Habitat Destruction. Virtually all Ocean habitats have been affected in some way via drilling or mining, dredging for aggregates for concrete and other ...

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Pollution and microplastics. Plastic pollution is becoming one of the largest threats to marine wildlife. Plastics affect animals more than oil spills ...

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Pollution and microplastics. Plastic pollution is becoming one of the largest threats to marine wildlife. Plastics affect animals more than oil spills ...

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I want to use this map for the inovation project on marine heat waves.

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https://www.marineheatwaves.org/tracker.html

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The California Current Marine Heatwave Tracker - Blobtracker | Integrated Ecosystem Assessment

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What is a marine heatwave?Marine heatwaves, or MHWs, occur when ocean temperatures are much warmer than usual for an extended period of time; they are specifically defined by the difference between the current temperature and the expected temperature for a specific location and time of year [1]. MHWs are a growing field of study worldwide because of their effects on ecosystem structure, biodiversity, and regional economies.

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Marine Heatwave

Tidings | Aug 22, 2019

As many are now aware, the Gulf of Maine is one of the fastest-warming ocean ecosystems on the planet. Over the last 30 years, the Gulf of Maine warmed at a rate of 0.06°C per year (0.11°F per year) — more than three times the global average. Over the last 15 years, this region has warmed at more than seven times the global average rate. At both time scales, the Gulf of Maine warmed faster than 99% of the global ocean.

This year has officially crossed the threshold for what scientists call a “marine heatwave.” This phrase describes an area of the ocean experiencing temperatures above the 90th percentile for more than five consecutive days. The most recent Gulf of Maine heatwave started on July 20 and continued for more than a month. Moreover, only 40 days in 2018 did not reach heatwave levels, and you have to go back to September 2017 to find a sustained period below heatwave levels.

Amid this especially warm year, the Gulf of Maine officially experienced its second warmest-ever day on August 8. On that day, the average sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Maine reached 20.52°C (68.93°F), as measured by satellites operated by NOAA and NASA. This is only 0.03°C (0.05°F) shy of the record set in 2012.

"This year really brings home the connection between Atlantic circulation and the temperatures in the Gulf of Maine,” says Chief Scientific Officer Dr. Andrew Pershing. “The satellite images from this year show a persistent mushroom-shaped blob of very warm water at the mouth of the Northeast Channel — a deep gully that leads into the Gulf of Maine. Essentially, shifting ocean currents are functioning like a hot water tap that dumps directly into the Gulf of Maine.”

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seafood industries.

Questions are also being raised on how marine heatwaves affect coastal weather, such as marine fog and coastal nighttime temperatures and humidity.  Atmospheric and ocean researchers are currently examining these ocean-weather interactions and how these marine heat waves impact coastal communities.

Are marine heatwaves evidence of climate change?

Marine heatwaves are part of the natural variability of Earth’s climate system, which makes it difficult to tease out the influence that climate change has on these events. However, researchers recently used long-term records of sea-surface temperature to confirm that anthropogenic, or human-caused, warming is triggering more frequent and more extreme marine heatwave events. Scientists are worried that these events may foreshadow the ecological and economic consequences of a warmer ocean overall due to climate change.

Interview information, marine heat wave illustration and FAQs developed by Sky Smith, 2020 Science Communication Fellow at the Center for Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation.

Expert Reviewers:

Andrew Thompson, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Art Miller, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Clarissa Anderson, Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS)

Further reading:

The California Current Marine Heatwave Tracker is a program developed by NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center to understand, track, and predict marine heatwaves off the coast of California, and put them in the context of the 2014-2016 “Blob” event. The latest conditions are described on the project website.

In a similar article to this FAQ, NOAA Scientist Nick Bond explains marine heatwaves.

The Marine Heatwaves International working group provides a global perspective on the physical drivers, climatological properties, and ecological impacts of these events.

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PRESS LINK

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Marine heat waves (MHW) are extreme rises in ocean temperature for an extended period of time. They can occur at different locations in the ocean, and their magnitude and frequency have increased over the last couple of decades, with harmful impacts on ecosystems, marine industries and human activities. As studied in the Copernicus Ocean State Report 3, in Europe, the Mediterranean Sea is most affected by marine heat waves as the area has experienced significant warming over the last decades. The slow increase of water temperatures due to long-term anthropogenic change and increased occurrences of marine heat waves have been having devastating effects on local ecosystems. Marine heat waves have also been associated with the likelihood of extreme weather events, such as cyclones and heavy precipitation.

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Find uni courses, units, news, events or people at university of Tasmania by searching with keywords. Search now!

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These Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) threaten marine biodiversity and ecosystems, make extreme weather more likely, and negatively impact the fisheries, aquaculture and tourism industries.

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These Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) threaten marine biodiversity and ecosystems, make extreme weather more likely, and negatively impact the fisheries, aquaculture and tourism industries.

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How do marine heatwaves affect people? A warmer ocean may seem like a good thing, particularly for swimmers and surfers. However, certain fishery declines and toxic algal blooms that may result from marine heatwaves have the potential to impact, or even close, commercial or recreational fishing of certain species.

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How do marine heatwaves affect people? A warmer ocean may seem like a good thing, particularly for swimmers and surfers. However, certain fishery declines and toxic algal blooms that may result from marine heatwaves have the potential to impact, or even close, commercial or recreational fishing of certain species.

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Analyzing data from temperature sensors all across the country, we found that nearly 210 million Americans—or two-thirds of the population—are threatened by exposure to more frequent days of extreme heat than they were just a few decades ago, during the period from 1961 to 19901.

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Analyzing data from temperature sensors all across the country, we found that nearly 210 million Americans—or two-thirds of the population—are threatened by exposure to more frequent days of extreme heat than they were just a few decades ago, during the period from 1961 to 19901.

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A marine heatwave is a period of unusually high ocean temperatures and is defined by its duration and intensity. One of the most common ways that scientists measure the ocean’s temperature is through sea surface temperature. Deviations from average sea surface temperature are referred to as temperature anomalies. The exact sea surface temperature anomaly that constitutes a marine heatwave varies worldwide. While a marine heatwave isn’t strictly defined, an anomaly of 1 degree Celsius (roughly 2 degrees Fahrenheit) off the coast of California can indicate a marine heatwave and 2-3 degrees Celsius (or about 4-6 degrees Fahrenheit) is characterized as a more extreme marine heatwave event. These warm periods can happen year-round and can stretch from 500 to 2000 kilometers (or 300 to 600 miles) across the Pacific.

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What marine heatwave is What it does and a live tracker

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What marine heatwave is What it does and a live tracker

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We know that heatwaves occur in the atmosphere. We are all familiar with these extended periods of excessively hot weather. However, periods of extreme heat also occur in the ocean and these are…

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The Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot is also a general indicator of extreme heat waves in all parts of the surface ocean, with biological stress proportional to the product of excess temperature times its duration [18–21]. HotSpot intensity and duration (degree heating weeks above the temperature threshold, DHW) allows mapping areas warming most rapidly and identifying changes in ocean current heat transport.

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Marine Heatwaves : NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory

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US Department of Commerce, NOAA, Physical Sciences Laboratory

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The definition of oceanography is the study of the physical, chemical, geological and biological characteristics of the ocean. In their work, oceanographers take into account the environment, weather, space and planetary science, chemistry and geology.

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The definition of marine biology is the study of animals, plants and microbes in the oceans and other saltwater environments such as estuaries and wetlands. It is the study of how physical properties of the marine environment, biological interactions and human activities affect marine organisms from plankton to whales, and all the habitats from coral reefs to the open ocean. Job titles for a marine biologist include zoologist, fish and wildlife biologist, aquatic biologist, conservation biologist, marine biotechnologist and much more.

What are the Skills of a Marine Scientist?

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What is a Marine Heatwave?

In the last decade, several incidents of extreme ocean temperatures have occurred off the coast of California, commonly referred to as marine heatwaves. The unusually warm waters and dramatic fisheries changes associated with these events raise questions about how and why these marine heatwaves occur, as well as what the implications are for marine life. Explore this FAQ to learn more about what’s causing marine heatwaves and their impacts in California.

What is a marine heatwave?

A marine heatwave is a period of unusually high ocean temperatures and is defined by its duration and intensity. One of the most common ways that scientists measure the ocean’s temperature is through sea surface temperature. Deviations from average sea surface temperature are referred to as temperature anomalies. The exact sea surface temperature anomaly that constitutes a marine heatwave varies worldwide. While a marine heatwave isn’t strictly defined, an anomaly of 1 degree Celsius (roughly 2 degrees Fahrenheit) off the coast of California can indicate a marine heatwave and 2-3 degrees Celsius (or about 4-6 degrees Fahrenheit) is characterized as a more extreme marine heatwave event. These warm periods can happen year-round and can stretch from 500 to 2000 kilometers (or 300 to 600 miles) across the Pacific.

How do marine heatwaves form off the coast of California?

Between Hawaii and California, a semi-permanent high-pressure area, termed the North Pacific High, generates winds that blow south towards the equator for most of the year. These winds allow the ocean to cool through evaporation and help the upper layer of the ocean mix with deeper waters. These important winds can weaken, such as when the ocean further south (in the subtropics) experiences warmer than usual temperatures in the summer months. Weakened winds mean that the top layer of the ocean, which is normally well-mixed with the cooler waters under it, becomes thinner. In turn, this thin mixed layer heats up more easily, from the sun and other processes, so that it can reach high enough temperatures to be considered a marine heatwave.

When have the most recent marine heatwave events occurred off the coast of California?

The local ocean in California has experienced several marine heatwaves since 2014, but the most significant periods of warming are as follows:

2014-2016: A period of warming at the ocean’s surface from 2014-2015 termed “The Blob” which, combined with ocean warming from the 2015-2016 El Niño event, resulted in the largest marine heatwave on record for the North Pacific.

2018: Summer marine heatwave which was localized around the Southern California Bight and extended down into Baja, Mexico.

2019: “Blob 2.0”, another summer marine heatwave off the coast of California.

Above: Sea surface temperature anomaly maps show temperatures above normal in orange and red. “Current” depicts the most recent data, which was collected during the 2019 marine heatwave. Figure: NOAA Fisheries.

How do marine heatwaves impact wildlife and fisheries?

Warmer sea-surface temperatures and reduced ocean mixing over extended periods in the Pacific impact fish reproduction, geographic ranges, migration patterns, and food availability. During marine heatwaves, species such as hammerhead sharks, bluefin tuna, and pelagic red crabs have been observed traveling further north as their warm water habitat expands. During and following the 2014-2016 marine heatwave, northern anchovy and Pacific sardine populations fluctuated in surprising ways between record-high population counts and dramatic lows. Specifically, anchovy populations skyrocketed, while sardine populations remained low. These baitfish species serve as a food source for the larger fish that support our commercial fishing industry, as well as for sea birds and sea lions. Prior to the 2014-2016 marine heatwave, low populations of both anchovy and sardines had been linked to emaciated sea lion strandings and seabird deaths along the California coast.

The population growth of sea lions and some sea birds during the 2014-2016 marine heatwave was accompanied by species declines elsewhere. For example, poor feeding conditions under warm water temperatures led to low survival for cold water salmon during the same marine heatwave event. While it is clear that recent marine heatwave events have had species “winners” and “losers”, each event has brought new surprises for fisheries. Scientists are still assessing the response of California’s ocean ecosystems as ongoing and new observations are recorded.

Above:  Organisms observed to be positively and negatively impacted by the marine heatwave of 2014-2016. Negatively affected organisms are labeled as “Losers” (left column), while organisms positively affected are labeled as “Winners” (right column). Note that anchovy were the biggest winners during this particular marine heatwave event but are absent from this figure due to observations collected after this figure was generated. Figure: Cavole et. al.

Do marine heatwaves cause harmful algal blooms?

Not necessarily. However, a warm upper ocean can serve as a better habitat for certain algae species.  When these algae grow at a rapid rate, it results in algal blooms. While not all blooms in California are harmful, some of these algae species generate deadly toxins, such as domoic acid, that become more concentrated as they move up the food web. This can trigger shutdowns in key fisheries, such as Dungeness crab. The marine heatwave of 2014-2016 caused an unprecedented harmful algal bloom and closed the Dungeness crab fishery for an entire season. For more information, see this article.

How do marine heatwaves affect people?

A warmer ocean may seem like a good thing, particularly for swimmers and surfers. However, certain fishery declines and toxic algal blooms that may result from marine heatwaves have the potential to impact, or even close, commercial or recreational fishing of certain species. This can result in financial losses to tourism and