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Students will be able to understand and participate in ancient Olympic events, developing their physical activity skills and understanding the historical significance of these events.

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What were the ancient Olympic events, and why were they important?

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Introduce students to the history of the ancient Olympics, discussing the different events and their significance. Highlight events such as running, long jump, discus throw, and javelin.

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Divide students into small groups and assign each group an ancient Olympic event to practice. Provide demonstrations and safety guidelines.

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Show a video of children participating in a modern version of the ancient Olympic events.

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Have students rotate through different stations where they can independently practice each of the ancient Olympic events. Provide worksheets for each station where students can record their performance.

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Summer Olympics Worksheets & Free Printables | Education.com

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Fun and educational Summer Olympics worksheets for kids of all ages. Browse hundreds of great Summer Olympics worksheets sorted by grade.

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For students needing additional support, provide one-on-one guidance and modified versions of the events.

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Lecture 2.3: The Ancient Olympic Games (CLAS 240)

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Challenge advanced students with more competitive rounds or additional related activities, such as researching an ancient Olympian and presenting their findings using Padlet.

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The ancient Greek mystical world was ruled by a small group of powerful gods called the Olympians. When things had to be decided, this council of 12 gods met on Mount Olympus to discuss things.

The 12 Olympian gods all kept a home on Mount Olympus. Unless they were off traveling somewhere, that's where you could find most of them. Hades preferred his home in the Underworld. Poseidon preferred his palace under the sea. But the rest of the Olympians lived on Mount Olympus year around.

Hestia was the goddess of hearth and home. She used to be one of the Olympians, but she grew tired of all their fighting and bickering. She resigned. Hera gave her seat to Dionysus, the god of wine. Actually, once Dionysus settled down and got married, he was a very good choice. (But Hestia kept her home on Mount Olympus. The view was magnificent!)

Here are the twelve Olympians:

Hestia, who turned her place over to Dionysus. Nobody knows for sure, but here's one story about how the switch came about. Read: The Tricked Bully

Hades Once in a while, (depending upon who is telling the story) - some storytellers insist the 12th Olympian was not Hades but was instead Hephaestus (Aphrodite's husband.) Not many people believe that though.

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The 12 Olympians - Ancient Greek Gods for Kids

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The ancient Greek mystical world was ruled by a small group of powerful gods called the Olympians. When things had to be decided, this council of 12 gods met on Mount Olympus to discuss things. The 12 Olympian gods all kept a home on Mount Olympus.

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Observe students during practice sessions and provide immediate feedback. Use a checklist to track participation and skill improvement.

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Conduct a mini-Olympic competition where students participate in the events. Use a rubric to evaluate their performance and understanding of each event.

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5 OLYMPIC GAMES TO TEACH KIDS | Cheap & Easy Competitive Summer Olympics Activities for the Home

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Prompt students to discuss what they learned about ancient Olympic events and their experiences practicing the activities. Use guided questions to facilitate the discussion.

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Ask each student to write one thing they learned and one thing they enjoyed about the lesson. Collect these tickets and review to gauge understanding.

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1. Ask "What stuck with you today?"

Find out what made the most impact with one simple question. Sticky notes are fantastic for exit tickets; just have each student post theirs to the board on their way out the door.

2. Lunch questions

In elementary classrooms, there's no need to wait until the end of the day. Try using exit tickets before lunch or recess. Kids too young to write? Have them tell you their answer on their way out the door.

3. Have them "tweet" it

This cute "Twitter" board is sure to appeal to young social media fans. Laminate the cards so they can be reused each day.

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4. Gauge understanding with emojis

Here's another way to help today's kids connect and share their progress. Have them circle an emoji on this free printable and explain why it reflects their understanding.

5. Record a Flip video

Flip (formerly Flipgrid) is a totally free online tool for schools, where kids record video answers to a question posted by their teacher. This is such a cool exit ticket idea for virtual classrooms, though it works in face-to-face classrooms too.

6. Collect exit tickets on a traffic light

Have students post their tickets on a traffic light to indicate whether they're doing fine or struggling a bit. That way, you can focus on those who need more help first.

7. Give them a prompt

Sometimes exit tickets are very specific, but other times you just want to know what students' general reaction was to the class that day. We like this simple option that offers a few prompts to get them started.

8. Use the "Post-It, Prove It" method of exit tickets

Here's an example of a more specific exit question. Try to ask questions that have more than one right answer, so students don't just copy each other's responses.

9. Let them teach others

Kids often surprise us by looking at things in entirely different ways but still getting the correct answers. Their thoughts on a subject may give you ideas for helping other students who need a bit more instruction.

10. Take a poll

Online polls make terrific exit tickets. Poll Everywhere is free to use, and kids can text their answers. Fun!

11. Encourage self-reflection

Valuable as they are to teachers, exit tickets are also important for helping students self-assess. This version lets them reflect on their strengths and areas for improvement.

12. Tell two facts and a fib

We love this interactive ticket idea! Kids write down two facts about today's subject and one fib. They trade with another student to see if they can guess the incorrect fact before turning them in.

13. Try them in any class

Oui, oui, les "billets de sortie" work in French class, or Chemistry, or Art History ... every teacher should try them.

14. Keep an exit ticket journal

Give exit tickets a bit more substance by having students keep them in a journal. This gives them a nice record of learning and can help when it comes time to review for tests or write a paper.

15. Post exit tickets on Padlet

Think of Padlet as an online bulletin board. Teachers post a question or topic, and kids add their answers. See our review of Padlet here, then give it a try.

16. Print exit tickets on sticky notes

Did you know you can easily print on sticky notes? This game changer means you can easily customize exit tickets for any topic.

17. Write a 3, 2, 1 list

The 3, 2, 1 method allows kids to self-assess, but it also lets them indicate a deeper level of interest in the topic at hand.

18. Make it a mini-assessment

You'll have to prep these in advance, but an assessment exit ticket is sort of like a no-stress quiz. Kids simply do their best, without worrying about grades, and you get a better feel for their progress.

19. Fill up a shopping cart

Here's a chance to really see what their takeaways were from a lesson. This will let you see if your learning objectives are coming through as they should.

20. Follow science lab with exit tickets

Hands-on science exploration should be followed up with written observations and conclusions. Use exit tickets to check for understanding.

21. Sum it up with one sentence

Help your students distill what the day's lesson was all about with a one-sentence summary. This requires students to prioritize the most important elements of the activity and reveals whether they are getting the "big picture."

22. Keep it simple

Sometimes you look out at your students and you see a lot of blank stares. When this happens, take a quick moment to use this exit slip. It will help you assess who's on board and who needs further instruction.

23. Change it up

If you always use the same exit tickets after a lesson, your students might go on autopilot. Change up your format by asking students how they're doing in a variety of ways.

24. Match your exit tickets with your teaching philosophy

These colorful prompts were developed to support the Habits of Mind framework. Choose from questions that encourage your students to observe, reflect, and explore what they're learning.

25. Collect answers on Google Forms

Teaching online or looking to save paper? Collect your tickets using Google Forms instead. This is especially useful if you're already using Google Classroom.

26. Take time to analyze exit tickets

Make sure your exit tickets are worth the effort. Spend a little time at the end of each class or day looking over student responses, and make notes about any needs they indicate.

Exit tickets are just one type of formative assessment. Check out our guide to formative assessment.

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26 Exit Ticket Ideas and Examples That Give Immediate Feedback

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Use exit tickets to check student understanding of what they learned and get immediate feedback on that day's lesson.

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Students will be able to share some differences between modern and ancient Olympics.

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Students will be able to share some differences between modern and ancient Olympics.

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Gain an appreciation for both competition and sportsmanship.

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Gain an appreciation for both competition and sportsmanship.

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Physical Education Standards- demonstrate locomotor movements in a series of pathways.

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Physical Education Standards- demonstrate locomotor movements in a series of pathways.

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Show good sportsmanship while working with others.

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for crowns - paper plates and green construction paper

relay batons, jumpropes for marking jump the creek long jump game, small weights for ancient long jump, frisbees, newsprint and tape for discus, sheets for chariot race, foam fencing swords for javelin, sidewalk chalk and small stones for game markers

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“This project was made possible by a seminar, Ancient Olympia - A hands on history of the Olympic Games and daily life in Olympia. This seminar was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.”

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Olympic music

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Olympic Oath Music - At the Altar of Zeus Horkios

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Olympic Oath Music - At the Altar of Zeus Horkios

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⚡ The Olympian Run ⚡ | Fitness Run | Brain Break | Mini-Games | GoNoodle Inspired

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Students read The Magic Tree House #16 Hour of the Olympics by Mary Pope Osborne for background knowledge 

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Students read The Magic Tree House #16 Hour of the Olympics by Mary Pope Osborne for background knowledge 

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Elementary students

All students will be doing this one one day at the end of the year. The background information ( reading, videos, practice) can be done in the weeks leading up to Field Day).

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Modern- running relay, hurdles obstacle course, archery

Ancient- long jump using weights, stade run using turning posts, discus, javelin

Before doing these events students will view photographs of ancient vase artifacts from the Perseus Project, the Spurlock Museum, and the British Museum photographs from The Ancient Olympic Games book by Judith Swaddling.

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Instead of medals at the Ancient games crowns were given out.

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an activity for all preschoolers:
Celebrate excellence with wearable wreaths!

before you begin:
Real leaves not required! It only takes a few materials to create these wonderful wreaths. Gather the following: scissors, paper plates, green foam sheets or construction paper, and glue.

activity goals:
To create a wearable craft celebrating the origins of the Olympic Games.

furthermore:
Laurel wreaths have been used as symbols of victory, honor, service, creativity (especially in poets) and academic excellence.

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an activity for all preschoolers: Celebrate excellence with wearable wreaths! before you begin: Real leaves not required! It only takes a few materials to create these wonderful wreaths. Gather the following: scissors, paper plates, green foam sheets or construction paper, and glue. activity goals: To create a wearable craft celebrating the origins of the Olympic Games.

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Children will play these games at a station

Terni Lapilli

Tabla Lusoria

Five Lines

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It is only in the Imperial Roman period that we learn more about the game. In his Onomasticon, the 2nd-century AD lexicographer, Pollus, lists Pente grammai amongst games of chance. His entry states that 'each of the two players had five pieces upon five lines' adding that 'there was a middle one called the sacred line. And moving a piece already arrived there gave rise to the proverb "he moves the piece from the sacred line" (bad luck!)'. The term 'sacred' may relate to the ancient Greek concepts of asylum and , that is the inviolable right of persons in search of aid to take refuge in a sanctuary where nobody had the right to remove them by force. As such it describes well the function of this line. Much later, in the 12th-century AD, Eustathios explains that 'the beaten player goes to it last', that is the winning player is the one who manages to move all his five pieces onto the sacred line first. Based on these and other written and archaeological sources, a set of rules have been developed that are in keeping with these hints.

, where means 'five' and means 'stones' in ancient Greek, was probably played on the same boards as the Roman game Latrunculi (see ), with grids of either 12 x 8 squares or 10 x 11 squares. Of note, Pentelitha requires more stones (gaming pieces) than Latrunculi , hence the need for larger playing boards. The Roman version of the game appears to have been called 'Calculi'.

was the most popular 'thinking man's game' in the Roman Empire. The name comes from the word originally meaning 'mercenaries' but which also can refer to 'soldiers' in the early Roman period. Later the term came to be used for highwaymen, or 'robber-soldiers' as they were known. Archaeological finds in Italy and Britain suggest Latrunculi had playing pieces of different coloured glass, sometimes precious stones, and of two types: the ordinary gaming pieces and an extra one variously called ('King'), ('Duke') or ('Eagle').

, meaning a 'plank' or 'board', was a Greco-Roman board game for two players and is thought to be an ancestor of modern backgammon. The earliest description of 'τάβλι' is in an epigram of Byzantine Emperor Zeno (r. AD 474 - AD 475; AD 476 - AD 491), given by Agathias of Myrine (6th-century AD). In it Agathias describes a game in which Zeno goes from a strong position to a very weak one after an unfortunate dice roll.

, commonly known as 'knucklebones', was a game inherited from the ancient Greeks who had originally made the gaming pieces from the large anklebones (Latin: , pl. ; Greek: astragalus , pl. astragaloi ) of hoofed animals such as sheep, goats or cattle. While preserving their natural shape the Romans proceeded to make from various different materials including silver, gold, bronze, gemstones, marble, glass, terracotta, wood, ivory, and of course, bone. The themselves have four distinct sides each of which was inscribed with symbols, most likely Roman numerals, and each having a different value of 1, 3, 4 and 6.

: Four were dropped from a moderate height over the ground or a gaming table. Scoring in the game varied widely but the simplest version only counted combinations known as 'Venus', 'Senio', 'Vultures' and 'Dogs' (see the table of possible scores ). All other results were ignored so, if a score was not achieved, the were thrown by the next payer and so on until a winner was decided. If money was being wagered, then the winner could claim the pot. However, if a 'Senio' was thrown by two or more players, a draw would be declared and the next round of throws would begin again with the pot intact.

was a variation of which involved throwing the knucklebones into the narrow neck of a ceramic or glass jar. Typically three or four or were thrown and only the score of those that entered the jar would count.

Terni lapilli , meaning 'three pebbles', is a two-player game of ancient Roman origin dated to approximately the 1st-century BC. Thanks to its simplicity, the game's popularity spread widely. Game boards have been found throughout the Roman Empire scratched on walls, floors, and in public spaces. Further afield, similar game boards have been found in ancient Egypt as early as 1440 BC, in ancient Troy and Athens, and at a Bronze Age site in Ireland. Some sources claim the game was played as far afield as China from 500 BC.

Terni Lapilli is the forerunner of 'Noughts and Crosses' (US: 'Tic-Tac-Toe') but given that no X's and O's are scribed on the surviving game boards strongly suggests gaming pieces were used. Presumably two sets of different coloured pebbles or counters were played on either square or circular boards.

1. The word 'τάβλι' is still used today in Greece but it refers to backgammon. This applies as well in Syria and Turkey (as tavla), Bulgaria (as tabla) and in Romania (as table).

2. Modern backgammon uses two dice and a doubling cube, the latter aimed at increasing the winning stakes.

3. It is not known whether players had to re-enter 'hit' pieces before playing those on the board, nor whether players had to gather all pieces in the fourth quadrant before 'bearing off'. It is also not clear whether there was a central 'bar' as in backgammon. However, if Tabula was derived from the earlier Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum, which did not have a 'bar', then it seems reasonable that Tabula did not have one either.

It is only in the Imperial Roman period that we learn more about the game. In his Onomasticon, the 2nd-century AD lexicographer, Pollus, lists Pente grammai amongst games of chance. His entry states that 'each of the two players had five pieces upon five lines' adding that 'there was a middle one called the sacred line. And moving a piece already arrived there gave rise to the proverb "he moves the piece from the sacred line" (bad luck!)'. The term 'sacred' may relate to the ancient Greek concepts of asylum and , that is the inviolable right of persons in search of aid to take refuge in a sanctuary where nobody had the right to remove them by force. As such it describes well the function of this line. Much later, in the 12th-century AD, Eustathios explains that 'the beaten player goes to it last', that is the winning player is the one who manages to move all his five pieces onto the sacred line first. Based on these and other written and archaeological sources, a set of rules have been developed that are in keeping with these hints.

, where means 'five' and means 'stones' in ancient Greek, was probably played on the same boards as the Roman game Latrunculi (see ), with grids of either 12 x 8 squares or 10 x 11 squares. Of note, Pentelitha requires more stones (gaming pieces) than Latrunculi , hence the need for larger playing boards. The Roman version of the game appears to have been called 'Calculi'.

was the most popular 'thinking man's game' in the Roman Empire. The name comes from the word originally meaning 'mercenaries' but which also can refer to 'soldiers' in the early Roman period. Later the term came to be used for highwaymen, or 'robber-soldiers' as they were known. Archaeological finds in Italy and Britain suggest Latrunculi had playing pieces of different coloured glass, sometimes precious stones, and of two types: the ordinary gaming pieces and an extra one variously called ('King'), ('Duke') or ('Eagle').

, meaning a 'plank' or 'board', was a Greco-Roman board game for two players and is thought to be an ancestor of modern backgammon. The earliest description of 'τάβλι' is in an epigram of Byzantine Emperor Zeno (r. AD 474 - AD 475; AD 476 - AD 491), given by Agathias of Myrine (6th-century AD). In it Agathias describes a game in which Zeno goes from a strong position to a very weak one after an unfortunate dice roll.

, commonly known as 'knucklebones', was a game inherited from the ancient Greeks who had originally made the gaming pieces from the large anklebones (Latin: , pl. ; Greek: astragalus , pl. astragaloi ) of hoofed animals such as sheep, goats or cattle. While preserving their natural shape the Romans proceeded to make from various different materials including silver, gold, bronze, gemstones, marble, glass, terracotta, wood, ivory, and of course, bone. The themselves have four distinct sides each of which was inscribed with symbols, most likely Roman numerals, and each having a different value of 1, 3, 4 and 6.

: Four were dropped from a moderate height over the ground or a gaming table. Scoring in the game varied widely but the simplest version only counted combinations known as 'Venus', 'Senio', 'Vultures' and 'Dogs' (see the table of possible scores ). All other results were ignored so, if a score was not achieved, the were thrown by the next payer and so on until a winner was decided. If money was being wagered, then the winner could claim the pot. However, if a 'Senio' was thrown by two or more players, a draw would be declared and the next round of throws would begin again with the pot intact.

was a variation of which involved throwing the knucklebones into the narrow neck of a ceramic or glass jar. Typically three or four or were thrown and only the score of those that entered the jar would count.

Terni lapilli , meaning 'three pebbles', is a two-player game of ancient Roman origin dated to approximately the 1st-century BC. Thanks to its simplicity, the game's popularity spread widely. Game boards have been found throughout the Roman Empire scratched on walls, floors, and in public spaces. Further afield, similar game boards have been found in ancient Egypt as early as 1440 BC, in ancient Troy and Athens, and at a Bronze Age site in Ireland. Some sources claim the game was played as far afield as China from 500 BC.

Terni Lapilli is the forerunner of 'Noughts and Crosses' (US: 'Tic-Tac-Toe') but given that no X's and O's are scribed on the surviving game boards strongly suggests gaming pieces were used. Presumably two sets of different coloured pebbles or counters were played on either square or circular boards.

1. The word 'τάβλι' is still used today in Greece but it refers to backgammon. This applies as well in Syria and Turkey (as tavla), Bulgaria (as tabla) and in Romania (as table).

2. Modern backgammon uses two dice and a doubling cube, the latter aimed at increasing the winning stakes.

3. It is not known whether players had to re-enter 'hit' pieces before playing those on the board, nor whether players had to gather all pieces in the fourth quadrant before 'bearing off'. It is also not clear whether there was a central 'bar' as in backgammon. However, if Tabula was derived from the earlier Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum, which did not have a 'bar', then it seems reasonable that Tabula did not have one either.

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Continuing the series 'Ludi', and following on from ancient Egypt, here are selection of games played by ancient Greeks and Romans.Pente grammaiPente grammai, or 'Five Lines', was mentioned around 600 BC in a poem by Greek poet Alkaios. Gaming tables in terracotta with the typical five parallel lines have been found in graves dating to the same period.

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British Museum Department of Photography and Imaging

Beale,Alan. Greek Athletics and the Olympics. Cambridge University Press,2011.

Raichlen,David and Alexander, Gene. Why your brain needs exercise. Scientific American January 1, 2020.

Ratey, John J M.D. SPARK- The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain.

Swaddling,Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games. University of Texas Press, 2015. Photographs page 56,57 and 69

Simmons, Robert Holschuh. The Classical Outlook Vol. 99 2024 #2 Teaching the Techniques of the Ancient Olympic Pentathlon: Connecting the ancient and modern worlds through athletic physicality.

Websites:

Iowa.pbslearningmedia.org

www.ducksters.com

www.taste of history.co.uk/amp/ludi

The Olympian Run Brainbreak

Ancient Greece/The Olympic Games/ KS2 History/BBC Teach

www.mthclassroomadventures.org

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Each grade level can be a Greek city-state

1) Athenians

2) Spartans

3) Corinthians

4) Megarians

5) Argives

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Students will learn that exercise benefits not just the body but the brain and that cognitively stimulating exercise actually benefits the brain more.

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Students will learn that exercise benefits not just the body but the brain and that cognitively stimulating exercise actually benefits the brain more.

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According to research new neural pathways are created in the hippocampus when someone exercises at a moderate level. Our ancestors were hunter/ gathers and exercised daily just to survive ( get food, avoid predators, build shelters etc). Building these new neural pathways in the hippocampus helps with memory.

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How Exercise Benefits Your Brain - Exercise and The Brain (animated)

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Pg 69 of The Ancient Olympic Games by Judith Swaddling

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Students will learn about ancient Greece by using the teaching with primary sources inquiry kit

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Students will learn about ancient Greece by using the teaching with primary sources inquiry kit

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Athletics in Ancient Greece/Teaching with Primary Sources

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Athletics in Ancient Greece | Teaching with Primary Sources | PBS LearningMedia

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This inquiry kit has sources from the Library of Congress about the history of the Olympic Games. Thinking Questions Where did the Olympic Games begin? List three ways that the ancient Greek Olympics were different from today's Olympics. Why do you think the Olympics were important to the ancient Greeks?