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-present-day Alaska and Canada.

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-present-day Alaska, Canada, and Greenland

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-present-day Canada's Atlantic coast to North Carolina and Mississippi River Valley

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-present-day southeastern United States. Stretches from southern edge of Northeast culture area to the Gulf of Mexico.

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-present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada through Texas(United States)

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-present-day Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico

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-desert areas of present-day Nevada, while including areas of California, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona.

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-western North America(present-day California in United States and norther Baja, Mexico)

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-stretches from the Gulf of Alaska to the Oregon-California border(Pacific Northwest Coast)

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-present-day Idaho, Montana, eastern Oregon, and Washington

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-Its region consists of generally rolling terrain with some relatively steep slopes. The deciduous forest is its main ecosystem, but there are also extensive coastline along with rivers and lakes.

-the climate is quite moderate as well with its precipitation.

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-relatively flat and is consisted with swampy forests. Their ecosystem is called a taiga, an evergreen boreal forest.

-the climate is cool

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-relatively flat and is known to be quite inhospitable

-the climate is very cold most of the time

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Eskimo and Aleut

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They obtained food mainly by hunting and gathering. Their diet was consisted of caribou and other animals which was drawn by the plentiful vegetation within the area. The Arctic peoples also consumed sea mammals and fish.

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The people commonly lived in dome-shaped houses. These houses were made of snow or timber and earth. This particular shape of their houses allowed stability and stood strong even under the arctic storms.

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-Their clothings were made out of seal and otter skins to help them stay warm. This also shows how cold the temperature was in the Arctic.

-They were in part of band memberships in terms of social organization. This was based on their marriage and kinship.

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Innu, Cree, Ojibwa

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The subarctic people hunted and gathered for their food. The people ate moose, caribou, beavers, waterfowl and fish. As for plants, they ate berries, roots, and sap.

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The people lived in sung semisubterranean houses in the winter due to its harsh weather. The semisubterranean houses were perfect for extreme weather conditions.

In the summer, they used tents and lean-tos which allowed them more mobility.

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-Although these people were based on small kin-based bands, they gathered together into larger groups seasonally.

-We divide these people into two groups in relation with what language they speak. In the western end, there were the Athabaskan speakers and on the eastern end lived the Algonquian speakers.

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Algonquin, Iroquois, Huron

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They obtained food through agriculture, but also gathered and hunted food as well. Their diet was very diverse including corn, beans, squash, deer, fish, leaves, seeds, and more.

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Their houses were dome-shaped wigwams or longhouses. According to where they lived and how they obtained their food, wigwams were for people who were nomadic and had much mobility. On the other hand, longhouses were bigger than wigwams and were suitable for people who stayed in on place for a long time.

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-Many villages and hamlets formed tribes which got together to form alliances. These alliances were complex political organizations.

-There were mainly two groups: Iroquoian speakers and Algonquian speakers. Iroquoian speakers lived along the inland rivers and lakes in which they sought political stability. The Algonquian speakers lived in small farming or fishing villages and cultivated crops.

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-Its geography consists of coastal plains, rolling uplands(Piedmont), and also a part of the Appalachian Mountains.

-In the north the temperature is quite warm, and as we move to the south it gets more subtropical.

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Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw

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People mostly focused on agriculture, cultivating corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and other crops. They are also known to have gathered food like wild plant foods and shellfish, while also hunting animals like deer.

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Their houses varied greatly amongst the regions. It included wigwams, earth-berm dwellings, and even chickees later in the 19th century. Wigwams were perfect for providing ventilation in the hot and humid climate. Earth-berm dwellings were less vulnerable to high wind or storm(extreme weather). It was used for ceremonial and religious purposes as well. Chickees were houses with raised floors, palmetto-thatched roof, and open sides. It was suitable for their temporary stays during the 19th century wars.

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-These people organized their living around small villages that were known as hamlets. These hamlets were ceremonial and were market villages.

-The Southeast people maintained a very complex social structure, organized into chiefdoms which was then led by chiefs or leaders.

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-The land was consisted of relatively short dry grass prairies in the west while rolling tallgrass prairies with much more moisture was found in the east.

-Its climate was quite like our own, with warm summers and cold winters(continental weather).

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Cheyenne, Lakota

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They had crop production(agriculture) in which they grew corn, beans, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco for their diet. They also hunted along with their agriculture.

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They generally lived in earth lodges. Earth lodges were sturdy and were durable under extreme conditions. It was idea for their long permanent settlements.

They also lived in tepees for some time around the year. It was designed to withstand the extreme weather conditions while also having mobility.

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-Plains people created a sign language which made them possible to represent common objects or concepts.

-They had a ritual called the 'Sun Dance' which demanded piety and self-sacrifices.

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-It included plateaus, basins, and ranges.

-It generally had a temperate climate, but in basins and range systems it also maintained a semitropical climate.

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Navajo, Hopi, Zuni

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It consisted both agriculture and hunting and gathering. People commonly combined these lifestyles for their living.

Their diets included corn, beans, squash, insects, berries, turkeys, deer, fish and more.

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The Pueblo people lived in amazing apartment houses made out of adobe and stone. Adobe and stone were perfect were absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night. The apartment houses were very sturdy and durable as well as serving the purpose for kinship structures within communities.

The Navajo built round houses called hogans. The circular design help spiritual importance by symbolizing the sun. The earthen walls were also suitable for the arid and harsh climate.

The Apaches, Yumans, Pima, and Tohono O’odham generally constructed thatched houses or brush shelters for housing. As their climate was extremely hot, this structure allowed ventilation, suitable for the hot dry climate. It was also relatively easy to build, which was favorable to the Apaches who were more nomadic.

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-There were stone channels and check dams that for heavy rain.

-THe Navajo and the Apache were more nomadic people and gathered crops by raiding that of their established neighbors.

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-It was a barren wasteland with salt flats and brackish lakes. The ecosystem was mostly a desert with little moisture. However, higher elevations did receive more moisture than the lower ones. Basins and range systems gradually gave way to intermontane plateaus in the north.

-The climate in the north was temperate and the south was subtropical.

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Washoe, Mono, Paiute

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The people in the Great Basin usually hunted and gathered food in organized kin-based bands. Their main diet consisted of seeds, piñon nuts, and small game.

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People in the west and south used the traditional houses of wikiups and brush shelters. These people benefited from the shade and ventilation these houses provided in extreme weather. Wikiups were made also because these people were constantly on the move. Some latter groups however replaced these with Plains-style tepees. This had to do a lot with the interaction with the Plains people. The tepees were very suitable for the Great Basin people who were nomadic and continually moved from one place to another.

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-Their social groups were more informal than other culture groups. Communal leadership, therefore, was much more informal and impermanent.

-They created beautiful baskets and painted pottery. They also made jewelry and shared stories. From this we can tell that they possessed a rich culture despite having a nomadic lifestyle.

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-Along with its pacific coast, it also includes the coast range and Sierra Nevada. It consists of high plateaus and basins in the north-south range as well. There are diverse local conditions, each contributing to microenvironments including coasts, tidewaters, coastal redwood forests, grasslands, wetlands, high deserts, and mountains.

-It had a mild climate overall.

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Yurok, Hupa, Pomo

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Along the Colorado River, agriculture was practiced. However, elsewhere hunting and gathering was the main source of living. Acorns were the most common and important form of diet for these people because it was converted into flour and ensured a stable food source. Other foods included shellfish, mushroom, seaweed, and berries.

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Housing also varied in California. It included wood-framed single-family dwellings to communal apartment-style buildings. Wood-framed single-family dwellings were used for small family-oriented groups who sought privacy and independence. The wood also provided great insulation and ventilation, suitable for both warm and cool temperatures. Communal apartment-style buildings were used by people who gathered into close-knit communities. With multiple groups of people living together, the apartment-style buildings were an efficient way of using land.

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-California had the most amount of people compared with all the North American landscapes during that time. It had an estimate of 100 different tribes and 200 different dialects.

-The California people avoided centralized political structures. They preferred to make tribelets which consisted of groups of a few hundred to a few thousand people. Although people were tied together into tribelets, they maintained their political independence.

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-Its topography is quite steep and includes many coastal hills and mountains falling abruptly to a beach or a riverbank.

-There is high precipitation overall and its ecosystem is mainly temperate rainforests, intertidal zones, and the ocean. The climate is quite mild.

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Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian

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They were nonagricultural people and instead relied on the abundant resources including salmon, fish, sea mammals, shellfish, birds, and diverse wild food plants nearby.

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They built their villages near coast and waterways. The dwellings they lived in had a rectilinear structures, usually quite large in size. Their houses were known as plank houses. It was created with cedar planks which were easily to obtained in the dense rainforest. Due to frequent rainfall it was helpful to live in these houses with steeply pitched roofs and overhangs. It was large because it had to accommodate the extended families and clans. The Northwest people were very serious about their community and social structure.

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-The potlach, which is a form of feast closely associated to the distribution of lavish gifts, was one of the characteristics of the Northwest people.

-Their culture is famous for its fine wood and delicate stone carvings. The people also created large watercraft, memorial or totem poles, and basketry.

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-It is surrounded by mountains and also contains the Fraser and the Columbia, both of which are great river systems. It has rolling hills, high flatlands, gorges, and mountain slopes.

-The climate is known to be temperate, milder than the Plains due to the mountains surrounding the lands.

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Salish, Flathead, Yakama

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The Plateau people hunted and gathered food. Their diet consisted of fish along with terrestrial animals and wild plant foods. They especially ate certain varieties of camas.

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Some groups who adopted horses and lived a nomadic lifestyle lived in tepees just like in many other culture groups. It was favorable for their mobile lifestyle.

The people living in fishing villages lived in multifamily A-frame dwellings. These places were populated and therefore had dwellings that could accommodate extended families and multiple households. The A-frame design was also very effective in shedding rain and snow. This was beneficial since the Plateau region was wet and cold. In the uplands, smaller structures were used. In these areas population was more dispersed which made it more practical to use smaller structures for housing. Both of these houses were covered with grass, later covered with canvas as it became available.

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-They were excellent in adapting new technologies which they obtained from trade and had much material innovations.

-Due to its rivers providing enough resources to support a large and dense population, the people created large tribal and cultural communities. This eventually led to representative governments.