# data[].attributes.body
“Ocean acidification is a phenomenon that occurs when seawater absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. This makes the water more acidic. Ocean acidification is a serious environmental problem because marine organisms are not able to survive in water that is too acidic.Ocean acidification has serious consequences for marine organisms. Organisms that use calcium carbonate to make shells—oysters, clams, crabs, lobsters, corals, some plankton, sea urchins, starfish—can no longer form hard shells. Oyster farmers have discovered that their larval oysters are failing to form shells, which scientists believe may be caused by lower pHs. Coral reefs are disappearing partly because the coral cannot rebuild their structures fast enough to make up for erosion damage. Because coral reefs form the base of many marine ecosystems, this will affect entire communities of marine organisms. Humans who depend on seafood will also suffer.”

# data[].attributes.body
"In less than a century, climate change and unsustainable resource management have degraded ecosystems and diminished biodiversity. Levels of overfishing have exponentially increased, leaving fish stocks and food systems vulnerable. Marine plastic pollution coursing through the region's rivers have contributed to most of the debris flooding the ocean."

# data[].attributes.body
“The effort to reduce ocean pollution is a complex and multifaceted matter. On the individual level, people can fight ocean pollution by not dumping toxic substances into the ocean or storm drains, minimizing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, reducing automobile emissions , and supporting improved sewage treatments methods. In terms of larger-scale measures, governments can enact legislation aimed at protecting marine environments, cleaning up existing contamination, and minimizing the risk of future pollution.”

# data[].attributes.body
Ocean Pollution connects to Pope Francis’ Laudato Si because he talks a lot about environmental issues and their repercussions.

# data[].attributes.body
Ocean Pollution

Wildfires

Marine Wildlife

Bees!

Agricultural something

Industrialization

Waste

# data[].attributes.body
“One of the most widespread and insidious forms of ocean pollution , microplastics are tiny plastic debris that are no more than five millimeters in length and found all over the oceans, even in some of most remote locations. Microplastics can also be ingested by a wide range of marine animals, which means that they are finding their way into the food chain and are a threat not only to marine lifeforms, but also to the humans and other animals that feed on them. Once ingested, microplastics can damage organs and leach dangerous chemicals that can interfere with immune response, reproduction, and growth, which means that microplastics are a particularly problematic type of ocean pollution .”

# data[].attributes.body
"Ocean Pollution." Gale In Context Online Collection, Gale, 2020. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/RGKRAN083627738/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=00cc047a. Accessed 22 Mar. 2024.

# data[].attributes.body
"Ocean Acidification." UXL Encyclopedia of Science, edited by Amy Hackney Blackwell and Elizabeth Manar, 3rd ed., UXL, 2015. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/WXZXEZ722184852/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=0418a2dc. Accessed 22 Mar. 2024.

# data[].attributes.body
Birnbaum, Michael. "170 Trillion Pieces of Plastic Pollute the Oceans." Washington Post, 03/09 2023. ProQuest; SIRS Issues Researcher, https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2840395166?accountid=73789.

# data[].attributes.headline
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.subject
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.body
“The Anthropocene began when human activities became the dominant cause of recent environmental changes (Lewis & Maslin 2015). Its "Great Acceleration" in the 1950s is undoubtedly associated with the industry and development of novel materials, such as plastics, considered a stratigraphic indicator of the Anthropocene (Zalasiewicz et al. 2016). The limited management and overuse of plastics have contaminated the planet, impacting ecological communities, biological dynamics, and processes, likely extending to a global system scale (Villarrubia-Gomez et al. 2018). Macro- and microplastics are widely reported in marine invertebrate species (Foley et al. 2018), fishes, marine birds, mammals, and reptiles (Kuhn & Van Freneker 2020, Lipej et al. 2022, Lopes et al. 2022, So et al. 2022). However, data remains scarce in several geographic areas, including the Equatorial Atlantic (Lopez-Martinez et al. 2021). Long-lived species, particularly top predators, can be bio-indicators of habitat contamination (Diepens & Koelmans 2018).”

# data[].attributes.body
"There's likely competition for space, because space is at a premium in the open ocean, there's likely competition for food resources -- but they may also be eating each other. It's hard to know exactly what's going on, but we have seen evidence of some of the coastal anemones eating open ocean species, so we know there is some predation going on between the two communities"

# data[].attributes.body
How does ocean pollution affect the world and other wildlife?

How do we affect ocean pollution?

How do we address ocean pollution with just action?

# data[].attributes.body
“The most common sight during an oil spill is dark, gelatinous masses of “mousse,” an oil andwater emulsion that floats on top of the water, sticking to everything with which it comes intocontact. Mousse usually causes the majority of the environmental damage during an oil spillby processes of mechanical toxicity, as it suffocates and smothers organisms that ingest it orare covered by it. Seabirds and furry marine mammals are highly susceptible to this process,succumbing to exposure, dehydration, or starvation.”

# data[].attributes.body
Saad, J. L. (2023). Ocean Pollution and Oil Spills. EBSCOhost Login. https://research.ebsco.com/c/5q5dsd/viewer/html/km3gs7xnbz

# data[].attributes.body
“Thomas Peacock, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, is active

with researchers across the globe studying ocean dynamics and environmental flows. A key aspect of this work is how the movement of pollutants is controlled by invisible structures, called Lagrangian coherent structures. The ability to identify where pollutants, whether oil from a spill or debris from a tsunami, may damage a coastline can enable better and earlier disaster response.“

# data[].attributes.body
Giges, N. S. (2014). Tracking Ocean Pollution. EBSCOhost Login. https://research.ebsco.com/c/5q5dsd/viewer/pdf/wo3gu7wxif

# data[].attributes.headline
Global Review of Progress in remote sensing and monitoring Marine Pollution

# data[].attributes.subject
Global Review of Progress in remote sensing and monitoring Marine Pollution

# data[].attributes.body
“The overexploitation of marine resources results in the degradation of the marine ecosystem and causes pollution , which damages the marine environment. The overexploitation, including major river conservation projects, land reclamation projects, coastal mining , offshore drilling, and mariculture, also leads to a shortage of marine resources and has negative impacts on coastal marine resources and environments. The utilization of marine resources varies in different regions due to differences in distribution, resulting in different types of pollution , such as land source, sea source and air source”

# data[].attributes.headline
Global Review of Progress in remote sensing and monitoring Marine Pollution

# data[].attributes.subject
Global Review of Progress in remote sensing and monitoring Marine Pollution

# data[].attributes.body
Ma, Jingwu, et al. "A Global Review of Progress in Remote Sensing and Monitoring of Marine Pollution." Water, vol. 15, no. 19, Oct. 2023, p. NA. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A772534339/GRNR?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-GRNR&xid=71d4592c. Accessed 11 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.subject
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.body
Emonnot, Flore, et al. "Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, vol. 51, no. 3, July 2023, pp. 459+. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A757804677/GRNR?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-GRNR&xid=eba93f20. Accessed 11 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.subject
Marine pollution between gyres: plastic debris in marine turtles and dolphins in French Guiana, Equatorial Atlantic.

# data[].attributes.body
“The impacts of plastic contamination still need to be fully elucidated. Microplastics dramatically modify the richness and diversity of microbiota, with detrimental impacts on health and physiology (Biagi et al. 2021). Plastics in digestive contents, besides lethal obstruction of digestive tracts by macro-debris, may significantly lower body and health conditions and reduce energy intake for growth, reproduction, and reserve stocking, affecting ontogeny, development, and population dynamics (Marn et al. 2020).”

# data[].attributes.body
"Global negotiators hope to complete the plastics treaty by 2024. It would regulate all aspects of the life cycle of plastic, including the kinds of chemicals that go into it and whether it's easily recyclable.

Anti-pollution campaigners say it is far easier to deal with plastic before it enters waterways than it is to clean it up afterward.

Eriksen, the study's lead author, said research into plastics pollution had in recent years started to shift away from oceans and move farther upstream, to rivers and other waterways, as advocates struggled to understand the issue at its origin.

"The plastic pollution, it's in every biome," he said. "It's not just in oceans anymore."

# data[].attributes.body
Kottasova, Ivana. "The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is Now so Huge and Permanent That a Coastal Ecosystem Is Thriving on It, Scientists Say." CNN Wire Service, 04/17 2023. ProQuest; SIRS Issues Researcher, https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2805252152?accountid=73789.

# data[].attributes.body
Alisjahbana, Armida S. "Healthy Oceans: Keeping Asia and the Pacific Afloat." Inter Press Service, 2020. ProQuest; SIRS Issues Researcher, https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2444438681?accountid=73789.

# data[].attributes.body
Loos, Shelby, and Albert Harrison. "Impact of Plastics on Coastal Environment Is Shocking Guest Columnist." Orlando Sentinel, 01/06 2024. ProQuest; SIRS Issues Researcher, https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2917357320?accountid=73789.

# data[].attributes.body
"Every person can help. Here's how:

Calculate and understand how much plastic you use on a daily basis. Being aware of your consumables is the best first step.

Say no to plastic bags and bring your own reusable bag to the grocery store. Regardless of Florida law, we can all do our part by not using plastic bags.

Carry a reusable water bottle with you and recognize the types of containers your fluids are coming in. Recycle plastic bottles once they are used.

Make a conscious effort or resolution to use less plastic. Then promote and share your concerns and changes with others."

# data[].attributes.body
"Humans have filled the world's oceans with more than 170 trillion pieces of plastic, dramatically more than previously estimated, according to a major study released Wednesday.

The trillions of plastic particles - a "plastic smog," in the words of the researchers - weigh roughly 2.4 million metric tons and are doubling about every six years, according to the study conducted by a team of international researchers led by Marcus Eriksen of the 5 Gyres Institute, based in Santa Monica, Calif.

That is more than 21,000 pieces of plastic for each of the Earth's 8 billion residents. Most pieces are very small."

# data[].attributes.body
"According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), there are about 50 trillion to 75 trillion pieces of plastic and microplastics in the ocean today. Microplastics are tiny particles of plastic that can be easily eaten by marine animals. The majority of plastic pollution in the ocean is caused by littering, specifically the improper disposal of food wrappings, plastic bags, bottles, etc. According to UNESCO, plastic waste makes up 80% of all marine pollution. Estimates from UNESCO also state that around 8 million to 10 million metric tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year."

# data[].attributes.headline
Heat Waves and Climate Change: The Effects of Worsening Heat on People, Communities, and Infrastructure

# data[].attributes.subject
Heat Waves and Climate Change: The Effects of Worsening Heat on People, Communities, and Infrastructure

# data[].attributes.body
Union of Concerned Scientists. Heat Waves and Climate Change: The Effects of Worsening Heat on People, Communities, and Infrastructure. Union of Concerned Scientists, 2018. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24150. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Thousands of New Homes in Colorado in imminent danger as wildfire protection plans languish

# data[].attributes.subject
Thousands of New Homes in Colorado in imminent danger as wildfire protection plans languish

# data[].attributes.body
"The local wildfire mitigation plans have grown old and languished even as wildfire perils have become riskier and more acute in Colorado as climate change continues to exacerbate and create persistent drought condition, according to one key state planning document. Large swaths of dense forest land in Colorado have become home to dry, volatile fuels, warns Colorado's State Hazard Mitigation Plan, which guides state planning for the the years 2018 through 2023."

# data[].attributes.headline
Thousands of New Homes in Colorado in imminent danger as wildfire protection plans languish

# data[].attributes.subject
Thousands of New Homes in Colorado in imminent danger as wildfire protection plans languish

# data[].attributes.body
"Thousands of new homes in Colorado in imminent danger as wildfire protection plans languish." Gazette [Colorado Springs, CO], 12 Aug. 2021, p. NA. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A671837119/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=9d4e6773. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Global Air Purifier Market Report 2022: Increasing Industrialization and Air Pollution Levels in Urban Areas Fueling Demand.

# data[].attributes.subject
Global Air Purifier Market Report 2022: Increasing Industrialization and Air Pollution Levels in Urban Areas Fueling Demand.

# data[].attributes.body
"Global Air Purifier Market Report 2022: Increasing Industrialization and Air Pollution Levels in Urban Areas Fueling Demand." PR Newswire, 6 Oct. 2022, p. NA. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A721144662/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=d223635f. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Global Air Purifier Market Report 2022: Increasing Industrialization and Air Pollution Levels in Urban Areas Fueling Demand.

# data[].attributes.subject
Global Air Purifier Market Report 2022: Increasing Industrialization and Air Pollution Levels in Urban Areas Fueling Demand.

# data[].attributes.body
The Air Purifier market is projected to reach USD 25.6 billion by 2030, according to a new report. Air purifiers are devices which help in the removal of particulate matter, allergens, smoke, and other airborne contaminants from the indoor air. These devices are used in various end-use sectors such as residential, commercial, healthcare, and industrial.The growing awareness about the harmful effects of air pollution is one of the major factors driving the growth of the air purifier market. The increasing incidence of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also boosting industry growth.The rising need for air pollution control equipment and the implementation of stringent environmental regulations are expected to contribute to the growth of air purifier market. The air purifier industry is estimated to witness significant growth in Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa due to rapid industrialization, rising awareness about health hazards, and strict environmental regulations in these regions.Strict environmental conservation regulations implemented across the globe and a growing awareness about air pollution are key factors projected to fuel the growth of the global air purifier market. The increased adoption of air purifiers in commercial establishments such as shopping malls, offices, and restaurants is also propelling the growth of the market. Moreover, technological advancements in air purifier products are projected to create new opportunities for market players over the forecast period.

# data[].attributes.headline
New Water Innovation Alliance aims at expanding clean water technologies

# data[].attributes.subject
New Water Innovation Alliance aims at expanding clean water technologies

# data[].attributes.body
"A leading group of investors and policy experts have launched Water Innovation Alliance (WIA), a new international trade organization, to support emerging water technologies that will preserve clean water.

The organization plans to work towards further and more rapid development of water conservation technology, increased access to water, increased funding for university and national laboratories, development of international collaborations, and public/private partnerships."

# data[].attributes.headline
New Water Innovation Alliance aims at expanding clean water technologies

# data[].attributes.subject
New Water Innovation Alliance aims at expanding clean water technologies

# data[].attributes.body
"New Water Innovation Alliance aims at expanding clean water technologies." Clean Water Report, vol. 46, no. 22, 29 Oct. 2008, p. 6. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A201713071/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=78fec7f5. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Heat Waves and Climate Change: The Effects of Worsening Heat on People, Communities, and Infrastructure

# data[].attributes.subject
Heat Waves and Climate Change: The Effects of Worsening Heat on People, Communities, and Infrastructure

# data[].attributes.body
"Heat stress also has major implications for rural residents' livelihoods. Heat stress can have negative effects on crop production, as it can adversely affect several processes, including flowering and photosynthesis (Lobell et al. 2013).

Heat stress is also costly to livestock farmers. The dairy industry is particularly vulnerable to heat conditions, with milk production decreasing in the face of heat stress (West 2003).

The sector is already incurring major heat-related losses, and these are expected to continue to increase as temperatures rise (Key, Sneeringer, and Marquardt 2014). Heat stress already costs the average American dairy an estimated $39,000 annually. By 2030, it is estimated that, as a result of a warmer climate, the average dairy will lose an additional $2,000 and $5,000 every year using 2010 prices), costs that will be passed on to consumers (Key, Sneeringer, and Marquardt 2014)."

# data[].attributes.headline
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terrestrial and aquatic environments following wildfire: a review.

# data[].attributes.subject
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terrestrial and aquatic environments following wildfire: a review.

# data[].attributes.body
Kieta, K.A., et al. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terrestrial and aquatic environments following wildfire: a review." Environmental Reviews, vol. 31, no. 1, Mar. 2023, pp. 141+. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A741073630/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=bookmark-SUIC&xid=24e3d916. Accessed 12 Apr. 2024.

# data[].attributes.headline
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terrestrial and aquatic environments following wildfire: a review.

# data[].attributes.subject
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in terrestrial and aquatic environments following wildfire: a review.

# data[].attributes.body
"In western North America, temporal trends in wildfire show that fire size, severity, intensity, and the annual area burned have been steadily increasing in recent decades (Dennison et al. 2014). Research on the impacts of wildfire on hydrologic systems (Robinne et al. 2020) and aquatic ecosystems (Writer et al. 2012) is growing rapidly due to the increased attention on large-scale wildfires (Emelko et al. 2011; Hallema et al. 2017; Basso et al. 2020; Robinne et al. 2020), but very few have investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as potentially important and prevalent pollutants. Formed through the incomplete combustion of organic matter that occurs when wildfires burn vegetation, soil litter, and organic matter, PAHs are often highly concentrated in post-wildfire soil and ash (Certini 2005; Simonetal. 2016; Rey-Salgueiro et al. 2018; Campos et al. 2019). As described in more detail in Section 4.3, PAHs impact sediment quality because of their affinity to adsorb to sediments and subsequently remain in the particulate form for a long time. While they are generally hydrophobic, there are some PAHs that remain soluble and can be transported a long distance through a watershed, which can compromise water quality. With these water and sediment quality considerations and, due to their mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and potential toxicity, PAHs are listed as a priority pollutant in many regions across the globe, and their concentrations are regulated in drinking water and some foods consumed by humans. Additionally, certain sectors such as aluminum smelting and wood preservation are managed under specific regulatory frameworks in Canada and must report their emissions, including PAHs, to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (Environment and Climate Change Canada 2022)."

# data[].attributes.body
"Keeping the ocean plastic-free will depend on policies that promote a circular economy approach. This strategy minimizes resource use and keeps them in use for as long as possible. This will require economic incentives and disincentives, coupled with fundamental lifestyle changes. Several countries in the region have introduced successful single use plastic bans. ESCAP's Closing the Loop project is reducing the environmental impact of cities in ASEAN by addressing plastic waste pollution and leakages into the marine environment."