# data[].attributes.body
Vicksburg was the site of the Battle of Vicksburg, a decisive victory as the Union forces gained control of the entire Mississippi River and cut the western states off.

# data[].attributes.body
Kentucky was the site of several fierce battles, including Mill Springs and Perryville. It was the arena to such military leaders as Ulysses S. Grant on the Union side, who first encountered serious Confederate gunfire coming from Columbus, Kentucky, and Confederate cavalry leader Nathan Bedford Forrest.

# data[].attributes.body
Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Chickamauga/Chattanooga, and Stones Rivers are significant Tennessee battles now interpreted by the National Park Service as National Military Parks. Tennessee State Parks has preserved the Civil War battlefields at Fort Pillow and Johnsonville.

# data[].attributes.body
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
The state played a key role in the American Civil War; Montgomery was the Confederacy's first capital.

# data[].attributes.body
The Buffington Island Battlefield Memorial Park marks the Battle of Buffington Island, the only Civil War battle fought in Ohio

# data[].attributes.location_name
Battle of Gettysburg First Shot Marker, Chambersburg Road, 葛底斯堡宾夕法尼亚州

# data[].attributes.headline
Battle of Gettysburg First Shot Marker, Chambersburg Road, 葛底斯堡宾夕法尼亚州

# data[].attributes.subject
Battle of Gettysburg First Shot Marker, Chambersburg Road, 葛底斯堡宾夕法尼亚州

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
The Confederacy fired on the US garrison of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 opening the Civil War, which redefined American freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
Harpers Ferry Raid, (October 16–18, 1859), assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown on the federal armoury located at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia). It was a main precipitating incident to the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
Federal forces under General Irwin McDowell attempted to flank Confederate positions by crossing Bull Run but were turned back. The end result of the battle was a Confederate victory and Federal forces retreated to the defenses of Washington, DC.

# data[].attributes.body
Vicksburg's strategic location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederate surrender there ensured Union control of the Mississippi River and cleaved the South in two.

# data[].attributes.body
Confederate victory. The Union Army of the Potomac suffered more than 12,500 casualties. Lee's Confederate army counted approximately 6,000 losses. The Federals retreated, losing an opportunity to advance further into Confederate territory and capture the capital of Richmond.

# data[].attributes.body
Battle of Chancellorsville, (April 30–May 5, 1863), in the American Civil War, bloody assault by the Union army in Virginia that failed to encircle and destroy the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.

# data[].attributes.body
23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded or missing after twelve hours of savage combat on September 17, 1862. The Battle of Antietam ended the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's first invasion into the North and led Abraham Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

# data[].attributes.body
The Chesapeake Bay was the setting for one of the most important naval battles in history. In March of 1862, the first ironclads CSS Virginia and USS Monitor fought to a bloody standstill in the waters off Hampton Roads, Virginia. After four hours of brutal fighting, the battle ended in a draw.

# data[].attributes.body
The North and South fought over control of the James for the next four years – the North to cut off supplies coming in from abroad. The South fought to keep Union forces from using the river as a pathway to capture Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy.

# data[].attributes.body
Union and Confederate commanders referred to this sinuous river demarcation as the “Rappahannock Line.” Rebel soldiers boastfully referred to the river as the “Dare Mark Line,” meaning, “We dare you Yankees to attack.” And assault, they did—both sides died by the thousands within ten miles of the Rappahannock River.

# data[].attributes.body
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Potomac traced the border between the Union and the Confederacy and lent its name to the most important Union army, the Army of the Potomac. Throughout the war, the river functioned largely as it always had—as an avenue for transport.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, allowed Union troops to penetrate the Confederate interior. The carnage was unprecedented, with the human toll being the greatest of any war on the American continent up to that date.

# data[].attributes.body
Maryland was a slave state and never officially seceded like many of its Southern sisters. However, in the first months of the war, it was unsure to which side Maryland would tip. Baltimore was exemplar of these tensions. The city itself had the feel of a northern city with its focus on industry and manufacturing, but many of the social and political elites of the city favored the Confederacy and owned slaves. The large immigrant population, in combination with the largest free African American community in the country, favored Union and abolition. A confrontation between these groups was imminent.

# data[].attributes.body
The largest city in the South at the time of the war, New Orleans provided thousands of troops and supplies to the Confederate cause. The city's location at the mouth of the Mississippi River made it a strategic port for both the Union and Confederate militaries.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park, Lafayette Road, Fort Oglethorpe, 乔治亚州

# data[].attributes.headline
Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park, Lafayette Road, Fort Oglethorpe, 乔治亚州

# data[].attributes.subject
Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park, Lafayette Road, Fort Oglethorpe, 乔治亚州

# data[].attributes.body
The Confederate army secured a decisive victory at Chickamauga but lost 20 percent of its force in battle. After two days of fierce fighting, the Rebels broke through Union lines and forced the Federals into a siege at Chattanooga.

# data[].attributes.body
Richmond, Virginia, was the capital of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. While it is most notably known for being the South's political capital, Richmond transformed as a city throughout the course of the war from an agricultural town to an industrial powerhouse.

# data[].attributes.body
it was one of the only towns left standing during Sherman's famous 'March to the Sea," preserved and given as a Christmas present to Abraham Lincoln in 1864.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, 阿波马托克斯弗吉尼亚

# data[].attributes.headline
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, 阿波马托克斯弗吉尼亚

# data[].attributes.subject
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, 阿波马托克斯弗吉尼亚

# data[].attributes.body
Trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union general Ulysses S. Grant, precipitating the capitulation of other Confederate forces and leading to the end of the bloodiest conflict in American history.

# data[].attributes.body
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, was the center of the Union war effort, which rapidly turned it from a small city into a major capital with full civic infrastructure and strong defenses.

# data[].attributes.body
South Carolina,Mississippi,Florida.Alabama.Georgia,Louisiana,Texas

# data[].attributes.body
Delaware,Maryland,Kentucky,West Virginia and Missouri

# data[].attributes.body
Virginia,Tennessee,North Carolina and Arkansas