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At the beginning of the school year teacher will start with light instructions and assessments. In the meantime, observing students' behavior, performances, and actions in class.

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Students who have language needs and students who have skill gaps are identified

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Through different assessments at the beginning of the school year if teacher notices that a student experiences difficulty in basic mathematical computations such as long division, two digit multiplication, etc. Skill gap issue is identified

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After different assessments in class, when teacher notices that student does great on computational mathematics, however, has an accent and avoids word problem questions. Teacher will have a discussion with ELA and ESL staff to confirm the situation.

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I will give an example of ID(Intellectual disability) because it's a disability that I made a report to be evaluated for. It is a condition where a person has lower than average intellectual ability; a case I dealt with previous school year, a student had difficulty with problem solving, learning new things, and taking personal care was also a challenge . In addition, an IEP plan was developed to assist student

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Learn about intellectual disability, including symptoms, risk factors, treatment options and answers to common questions.

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After different action plans are executed, time to check student's progress. If there is good evidence(Good performance in homework, classwork, quiz, and test) student is progressing. Great, continue the action plan until it's no longer required.

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How to Effectively Track Student Progress | Teach For America

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Tracking student progress plays a key role in being an effective teacher.

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American Federation of Teachers. (2007). Building parent‑teacher relationships. Reading Rockets. WETA. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/parent-engagement/articles/building-parent-teacher-relationships

American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). What is intellectual disability? In Patients & Families. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability

BlueStreak Math. (2025, January 28). Strategies & resources for teaching math to English language learners

Ironside, N. (2025, March 12). Strategies to differentiate math instruction. Edutopia. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/strategies-differentiate-math-instruction/

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Retrieved July 12, 2025, from

Teach For America Editorial Team. (n.d.). How to effectively track student progress. Teach For America. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from https://www.teachforamerica.org/stories/effectively-track-student-progress

Walden University. (n.d.). 7 learning disabilities every psychology professional should study. Retrieved July 12, 2025, from https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-psychology/resource/seven-learning-disabilities-every-psychology-professional-should-study

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Teacher will contact parents and advise student to join tutoring hours so that the student doesn't fall behind in class. It's important that when communicating with parents to be truthful, effective, and careful when explaining the situation. Also, a weekly or bi-weekly follow up is fantastic idea to hone in on the relationship with parents(American Federation of Teachers, 2007).

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Effective communication is essential for building school-family partnerships. It constitutes the foundation for all other forms of family involvement in education.

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To give an example last school year a student I recommended to join tutoring session started to develop the required skills and improve immensely. I also made a promise to the student that if he made an A on the first exam I would come and see his basketball game and bring his whole team Gatorade drinks as a celebration of his success. The parents shed tears and the student's trust, appreciation, and respect grew towards me.

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The school I work in is a title 1 school with high turnover rate for teachers because the administration team is cut-throat on test scores. Although, I value more student-learning and improvement; doing a lot of practice test questions and getting exceptional test scores are essential for me. So, when I suggest tutoring to some students and they show-up time after time.

I show my appreciation by cooking in class while they are working on questions.

I cooked ready to eat ramen with scallion and soft boiled egg.

I cooked takoyaki

I bought boba milk teas.

Sometimes, we even played online video games with students after the tutoring sessions.

In addition, during regular school days I also did pizza parties after exams if the class achieved at least 50% passing.

This is obviously not feasible to do all the time and this takes a lot of preparation, time, money, and emotional commitment. But, sometimes It's a great way to show appreciation to students who try really hard. The results spoke for itself as my math 1 honors class of 70 students achieved 96% passing rate for the state exam last school year.

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Teacher will strategically arrange seating chart that student sits with student of close background but performs well on mathematical vocabulary problems.

This will increase communication and collaboration between the students leading to growth.(Ironside, 2025)

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Ensuring That Math Instruction Provides Opportunities for All

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Students bring different combinations of strengths and weaknesses to the math classroom, and teachers can help all of them grow.

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After discussion of the student with the ESL and ELA staff and it's confirmed that support is required. Translation device is given by the ESL staff to the student to assist student learning in class.

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8 Vital Tools for Teaching English Language Learners | Resources

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Discover 8 essential tools for teaching English Language Learners that will transform your classroom. Get practical strategies, resources, and professional development opportunities for K-12 educators.

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For my language needs students specifically, however, other students can also benefit from I will create a table that simplifies mathematical vocabulary.

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ELL/ESL Math Strategies & Resources | BlueStreak Math

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Discover strategies and resources to support English Language Learners in math, boosting growth with vocabulary, scaffolding, and the right digital tools.

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If the action plans are not successful, having a discussion with other teacher regarding the student is crucial. If other teachers raise same concerns of unsuccessful progress, A report is submitted to the EC department regarding difficulties of said student is having and the evaluation will begin.

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NC DHHS: Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities

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Developmental Therapy Services provide comprehensive, long-term services to help individuals with developmental disabilities.

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There are 7 main types of learning disabilities that one needs to be aware of according to psychology professionals; those are dyslexia, dysgraphia, auditory processing disorder, language processing disorder, nonverbal learning disabilities, and visual perceptual.

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While some degree programs set students up for a highly specific career trajectory, there are countless options for careers with a psychology degree. Some psychology professionals work in human development. Others work in clinical settings or healthcare. Many study social behavior or cognition. Regardless of your psychology career path, educational psychology is an important subspecialty worthy of further study.

It's important to be cognizant of how others learn. Awareness of learning differences, especially learning disabilities, is critical. While this is most true in an educational environment, there are applications for all settings. Understanding the learning skill sets of others allows you to communicate and teach more effectively.

In particular, psychology professionals should study these seven learning disabilities:
1. Dyslexia
Underneath the learning disability umbrella, many disabilities are categorized as one of three types: dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. ¹ Dyslexia is a language processing disorder that impacts reading, writing, and comprehension. Dyslexics may exhibit difficulty decoding words or with phonemic awareness, identifying individual sounds within words. Dyslexia often goes diagnosed for many years and often results in trouble with reading, grammar, reading comprehension, and other language skills. ²
2. Dysgraphia
Those with dysgraphia have trouble converting their thoughts into writing or drawing. Poor handwriting is a hallmark of dysgraphia but is far from the only symptom. Sufferers struggle to translate their thoughts into writing, whether in spelling, grammar, vocabulary, critical thinking, or memory. ¹ Individuals with dysgraphia may exhibit difficulty with letter spacing, poor motor planning and spatial awareness, and trouble thinking and writing simultaneously. ³

3. Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia encompasses learning disabilities related to mathematical calculations. Individuals with dyscalculia struggle with math concepts, numbers, and reasoning. ¹ Sometimes referred to as having "math dyslexia," individuals might have difficulty reading clocks to tell time, counting money, identifying patterns, remembering math facts, and solving mental math. ⁴
4. Auditory processing disorder
In auditory processing disorder (APD), patients have difficulty processing sounds. Individuals with APD may confuse the order of sounds or be unable to filter different sounds, like a teacher's voice versus background noise. In APD, the brain misinterprets the information received and processed from the ear. ⁵
5. Language processing disorder
A subset of auditory processing disorder, language processing disorder arises when an individual has specific challenges in processing spoken language, impacting both receptive and expressive language. According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, in language processing disorder, "there is difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences, and stories." ⁶
6. Nonverbal learning disabilities
While it may sound like nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) relate to an individual's inability to speak, it actually refers to difficulties in decoding nonverbal behaviors or social cues. NVLD sufferers struggle with understanding body language, facial expressions and tone of voice, or the nonverbal aspects of communication. ⁷
7. Visual perceptual/visual motor deficit
Individuals with visual perceptual/visual motor deficit exhibit poor hand-eye coordination, often lose their places when reading, and have difficulty with pencils, crayons, glue, scissors, and other fine motor activities. They may also confuse similar looking letters, have trouble navigating their surroundings, or demonstrate unusual eye activity when reading or completing assignments. ⁸

The Learning Disabilities Association of America and many other mental health practitioners regard the seven aforementioned disorders as specific learning disabilities. They recognize autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as related disorders that impact learning, though not specific learning disorders. ³

Understanding learning disabilities is critical to all with careers in psychology. Coexisting conditions, including learning disabilities, are extremely common for individuals with ASD and ADHD. When psychology professionals understand the neurodiversity and learning differences of their patients, they become more inclusive, empathetic, and effective contributors to the populations they serve.

If you're interested in furthering your psychology career, Walden University, an accredited university with a flexible online education platform, offers online psychology degrees including a master's degree in psychology. In Walden's MS in Psychology program, students can take online psychology courses in applied behavior analysis, behavioral therapy, and life span development. The online master's in psychology program features an Educational Psychology specialization that allows students to gain the skills necessary to work with exceptional populations, including the gifted and talented, individuals with learning differences and autism spectrum disorder, and other neurodivergent audiences.

Walden University is an accredited institution offering an MS in Psychology degree program online. Expand your career options and earn your degree using a convenient, flexible learning platform that fits your busy life.

¹Source: nild.org/learning-disabilities/dyslexia-dysgraphia-dyscalculia/
²Source: www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/dyslexia/understanding-dyslexia
³Source: ldaamerica.org/types-of-learning-disabilities/
⁴Source: www.additudemag.com/what-is-dyscalculia-overview-and-symptom-breakdown/
⁵Source: https://childmind.org/article/what-is-auditory-processing-disorder/
⁶Source: www.ldaofpa.org/types-of-learning-disabilities
⁷Source: www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/nonverbal-learning-disabilities/understanding-nonverbal-learning-disabilities
⁸Source: https://ldastl.org/about/visual-perceptual-and-visual-motor-deficit-disorder/

Note on licensure: The MS in Psychology is not a licensure program and does not prepare an individual to become a licensed psychology or counseling professional.

Walden University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission, www.hlcommission.org.

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Educational psychology provides valuable insight for all sorts of mental health practitioners. Psychology professionals are most effective when they understand the populations they serve and recognizing how they learn best.