# data[].attributes.body
age: the age at which someone begins learning a new language affects how easy or difficult it can be. Age can also be an indicator of maturity and can play into language acquisition this way as well.

abilities in primary language will affect second language learning because of transfer of learning. Transfer can be positive most of the time, but can also be negative in certain cases.

working memory

information processing speed

# data[].attributes.body
the primary language(s) spoken influences the transfer of learning of a new language. Sometimes this can be helpful or disadvantageous, for example if the languages are similar it can be helpful, however, if they follow very different grammatical or conjugation rules, it can pose an obstacle.

pronunciation and phonology of primary language influence second language learning and transfer

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age

physical health

sensory abilities

hearing impairments

speech impediments

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self-esteem

motivation

anxiety

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Cultural factors can affect language learning because they can sometimes pose time constraints or fewer opportunities to practice a second language outside of the classroom.

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funding for resources to support ELLs

laws surrounding immigration status