# data[].attributes.body
1.Should immigrants from mexico be allowed to come in to america legally?

2. When did immigration start?

3. How many immigrants came into america during 1910-1920?

# data[].attributes.body
https://time.com/3742067/history-mexican-immigration/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Mexican Immigration to the U.S. Has Evolved

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Today's immigrants differ from those of the past in several key ways

# data[].attributes.body
1.Why are immigrant families separated when they are caught by the government.
2.How many immigrants are in america as of 2019?
3.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mexican immigrants in the United States 

# data[].attributes.subject
Mexican immigrants in the United States 

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/mexican-immigrants-united-states-2019

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Despite decreases in population size over the last decade, Mexicans remain the largest group of immigrants in the United States, accounting for about 24 percent of the nearly 45 million foreign-born residents. In 2019, there were about 10.9 million Mexican-born individuals living in the United States. This population declined by almost 780,000 people, or 7 percent, between 2010 and 2019, due in part to increased immigration enforcement and in part to a strengthening Mexican economy. In recent years, the number of Mexicans leaving the United States has outpaced the number of new arrivals, although the country remains far and away the top destination for Mexican emigrants.

Since 2013, Mexico has ceased to be the top country of origin for recent immigrants to the United States, overtaken by India and China. As with immigrants overall, recent arrivals from Mexico are more likely to be college graduates than those who arrived in prior decades.
Figure 1. Mexican Immigrant Population in the United States, 1980-2019
Sources: Data from U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2019 American Community Surveys (ACS), and Campbell J. Gibson and Kay Jung, "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850-2000" (Working Paper no. 81, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, February 2006), available online.

Click here to view an interactive chart showing the number of Mexican immigrants and their share of all U.S. immigrants over time.

The number of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico has also been on the decline, although Mexicans still make up the majority of the unauthorized population. Mexicans accounted for 51 percent of the 11 million unauthorized immigrants in 2018, according to estimates from the Migration Policy Institute (MPI).

Mexicans in the United States are more likely than other immigrant populations to be long-time U.S. residents, with nearly 60 percent having arrived more than 20 years ago. However, given that a relatively high proportion are unauthorized, Mexican immigrants overall are less likely to be naturalized U.S. citizens than other groups. They are also more likely to live in poverty and less likely to have health insurance than the overall immigrant population.

Most Mexicans who become legal permanent residents in the United States (referred to as LPR status, also known as getting a green card) do so through family reunification, either as immediate relatives of U.S. citizens or through other family-sponsored channels. Mexican immigrants have also benefited immensely from the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which provides temporary deportation relief and work authorization to unauthorized migrants who arrived as children and meet the program's education and other eligibility criteria. In early 2020, there were more than 500,000 Mexican participants in the DACA program, accounting for the vast majority of active DACA recipients.

The United States is overwhelmingly the most popular destination for Mexicans living abroad, accounting for 97 percent of all Mexican emigrants. In fact, of all Mexicans residing either in or outside of Mexico in 2019, 8 percent were in the United States. Canada is home to the next largest population of Mexicans (86,000), followed by Spain (53,000), Guatemala (18,000), and Germany (17,000), according to mid-2019 United Nations Population Division estimates. Click here to view an interactive map showing where migrants from Mexico and other countries have settled worldwide. Within the United States, more than half of all Mexican immigrants live in one of two states: California and Texas.

Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau (the most recent 2019 American Community Survey [ACS] as well as pooled 2014-18 ACS data), the Department of Homeland Security's Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, and the World Bank, this Spotlight provides information on the Mexican immigrant population in the United States, focusing on its size, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic characteristics.

Click on the bullet points below for more information:

Distribution by State and Key Cities
In the 2014-18 period, most immigrants from Mexico lived in California (36 percent) Texas (22 percent), Illinois (6 percent), and Arizona (5 percent). The next six most populous states-Florida, Georgia, Washington, North Carolina, Colorado, and Nevada-were home to an additional 13 percent of the Mexican-born population. The four counties with the most Mexican immigrants were Los Angeles County in California, Harris County in Texas, Cook County in Illinois, and Dallas County in Texas. Together, these counties accounted for 22 percent of the Mexican immigrant population.
Figure 2. Top States of Residence for Mexican Immigrants in the United States, 2014-18
Note: Pooled 2014-18 ACS data were used to get statistically valid estimates at the state level for smaller-population geographies. Not shown are the populations in Alaska and Hawaii, which are small in size; for details, visit the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) Migration Data Hub for an interactive map showing geographic distribution of immigrants by state and county, available online.
Source: MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2014-18 ACS.

Click here for an interactive map highlighting the states and counties with the highest concentrations of immigrants from Mexico and other countries.

As of 2014-18, the U.S. cities with the largest number of Mexicans were the greater Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Dallas metropolitan areas. Close to 31 percent of Mexican immigrants in the United States lived in these four metro areas.

Click here for an interactive map that highlights the metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of immigrants from Mexico and other countries.
Table 1. Top Concentrations of Mexican Immigrants by Metropolitan Area, 2014-18
Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2014-18 ACS.

English Proficiency
Mexican immigrants are less likely to be proficient in English than the overall foreign-born population. In 2019, about 66 percent of Mexicans ages 5 and over reported limited English proficiency, compared to about 46 percent of all immigrants. Approximately 4 percent of Mexican immigrants spoke only English at home, versus 16 percent of all immigrants.
Note: Limited English Proficient (LEP) status refers to those who indicated on the ACS questionnaire that they spoke English less than "very well." Age, Education, and Employment
In 2019, Mexican immigrants were about the same average age as the overall foreign-born population but older than the U.S.-born population. Their median age was about 45 years old, compared to 46 for all immigrants and 37 for the native-born population. Mexican immigrants were more likely than the native- and overall foreign-born populations to be of working age (18 to 64 years old; see Figure 4).

Mexicans adults have much lower rates of educational attainment than both the native- and overall foreign-born populations. In 2019, approximately 53 percent of Mexican immigrants ages 25 and older lacked a high school diploma or equivalent, compared to 26 percent of foreign-born adults and 8 percent of U.S.-born adults. Fewer than 8 percent of Mexican immigrants reported having a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 33 percent of both U.S.-born and all immigrant adults. However, the college-educated share among Mexicans who arrived within the past five years was much higher: 17 percent.

Mexicans participate in the labor force at slightly higher rates than the native-born and overall foreign-born populations. About 69 percent of Mexican immigrants ages 16 and older were in the civilian labor force in 2019, compared to 67 percent of the foreign-born population and 62 percent of the U.S.-born population. Compared to those two groups, Mexicans were more likely to be employed in the following occupations: service; natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and production, transportation, and material moving (see Figure 5).
Income and Poverty
On average, Mexicans have lower incomes than the overall foreign- and native-born populations. In 2019, households headed by a Mexican immigrant had a median annual income of $51,000, compared to $64,000 for all immigrant households and $66,000 for native-born-led households.

In 2019, Mexican immigrants were more likely to be in poverty (17 percent) than immigrants overall (14 percent) or the U.S. born (12 percent).
Immigration Pathways and Naturalization
Mexicans are much less likely to be naturalized U.S. citizens than immigrants overall. In 2019, 34 percent of Mexican immigrants had become U.S. citizens, compared to 52 percent of the total foreign-born population.

Compared to all immigrants, Mexicans are more likely to have arrived in the United States at least a decade ago. The largest share of Mexican immigrants, approximately 59 percent, arrived prior to 2000, followed by 28 percent who arrived between 2000 and 2009. About 13 percent have arrived since 2010 (see Figure 6).

In fiscal year (FY) 2019, Mexico was the top country of origin for new permanent residents; approximately 156,100, or 15 percent, of the 1 million new LPRs were from Mexico. Most Mexicans who obtain green cards do so through family reunification channels. In FY 2019, 85 percent of Mexicans who received a green card that year did so either as an immediate relative of a U.S. citizen or green-card holder or as another family member of a citizen, a much higher share than the 69 percent of all new LPRs (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Immigration Pathways of Mexican and All Legal Permanent Residents in the United States, 2019
Notes: Family-sponsored: Includes adult children and siblings of U.S. citizens as well as spouses and children of green-card holders. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens: Includes spouses, minor children, and parents of U.S. citizens. Diversity Visa lottery: The Immigration Act of 1990 established the Diversity Visa lottery program to allow entry to immigrants from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States. The law states that 55,000 diversity visas in total are made available each fiscal year. Individuals born in Mexico are not eligible for the lottery. Percentages may not add up to 100 as they are rounded to the nearest whole number.
Source: MPI tabulation of data from Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 2019 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, DC: DHS Office of Immigration Statistics, 2020), available online.

MPI estimates that as of 2018, approximately 5.6 million (51 percent) of the estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States were from Mexico.

Click here to view an interactive map showing the number and geographic distribution (by state and county) of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico and other top origin countries. Click here to view demographic information about unauthorized immigrants nationwide, in most states, and in select counties.

Mexico is also the largest origin country for recipients of the DACA program, which provides temporary deportation relief and work authorization. As of March 2020, there were 517,500 Mexican DACA recipients, representing 80 percent of the 643,600 active DACA recipients, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) data.

Click here to view the top origin countries of DACA recipients and their U.S. states of residence.
Health Coverage
Mexicans have low health insurance coverage rates compared to all immigrants. In 2019, 38 percent of immigrants from Mexico were uninsured, compared to 20 percent of all immigrants and 8 percent of the U.S. born (see Figure 8).
Diaspora
The Mexican diaspora is comprised of approximately 38.5 million U.S. residents who were either born in Mexico or reported Mexican ancestry or origin, according to MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2018 ACS.
Remittances
In 2019, more than $38.5 billion in remittances were sent to Mexico via formal channels, according to the World Bank. Remittances have steadily risen following a dip during the Great Recession in 2008-09. These remittances represented about 3 percent of Mexico's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019.
Figure 9. Annual Remittance Flows to Mexico, 1990-2019
Sources
Click here to view an interactive chart showing annual remittances received and sent by Mexico and other countries.

Gibson, Campbell J. and Kay Jung. 2006. Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850-2000. Working Paper no. 81, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, February 2006. Available online.

Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana. 2015. More Mexicans Leaving than Coming to the U.S. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Available online.

Migration Policy Institute (MPI) Migration Data Hub. N.d. Educational Attainment of U.S. Adults (ages 25 and over) by Nativity and Country of Birth, 2018. Accessed October 29, 2020. Available online.

United Nations Population Division. N.d. International Migrant Stock by Destination and Origin. Accessed October 29, 2020. Available online.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. 2018 American Community Survey. Accessed from Steven Ruggles, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Josiah Grover, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 7.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Available online.

---. N.d. 2019 American Community Survey-Advanced Search. Accessed October 29, 2020. Available online.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). 2020. Approximate Active DACA Recipients: Country of Birth as of March 31, 2020. Available online.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Immigration Statistics. 2020. 2019 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. Washington, DC: DHS Office of Immigration Statistics. Available online.

World Bank Group. 2020. Annual Remittances Data, April 2020 update. Available online.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Jeanne Batalova Emma Israel and Jeanne Batalova

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The nearly 11 million Mexican immigrants in the United States represent almost one-quarter of the country's entire immigrant population, and as such are the largest foreign-born group. But their numbers have been declining, shrinking by 7 percent between 2010 and 2019. Among recently arrived immigrants, those from China and India now outpace Mexicans for the first time.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Are immigrants that are caught at the border get punished with jail time?
2. What happens when people are caught crossing the border?

# data[].attributes.headline
What happens when people are caught crossing the border 

# data[].attributes.subject
What happens when people are caught crossing the border 

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/border-issues/2017/09/20/what-happens-people-caught-crossing-border/647052001/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What happens to people caught crossing the border?
When Border Patrol agents detain someone caught crossing the border illegally, they take the individual to the nearest Border Patrol station to be processed. The crosser's information is recorded, and the person is detained. What happens after that depends on the circumstances and whether the person is seeking asylum.

Soon after his inauguration, President Donald Trump issued an executive order on border enforcement that ended a practice known as "catch and release," in which migrants who were detained at the border were released from custody and ordered to appear before an immigration judge at a later date. In many cases, those migrants skipped court appearances and remained in the country without authorization.

Trump's new policy expanded fast-track deportations known as "expedited removal." Under that policy, migrants caught at the border are deported without a hearing before an immigration judge. The migrants are placed in detention until a removal order is finalized and are then deported to their country of origin with a misdemeanor charge.

Exceptions to expedited removal include immigrants with prior criminal convictions, including any previous attempt to cross the border without authorization, which automatically makes it a felony with mandatory jail time.

Immigrants who are unaccompanied minors, who claim asylum or express fear of persecution are placed in a separate process, which includes an interview with an immigration officer. They are placed in detention until their cases are decided. Some unaccompanied minors are released into the custody of family members in the U.S. while their cases work their way through the process.
- Rafael Carranza READ MORE: Border crossers, and the desert that claims them A human smuggler, and the wall that will make him rich Border crossers, and the desert that claims them Border vigilantes, and the wall they might be watching 2,000-mile journey in the shadow of the border wall

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What happens to people caught crossing the border?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What happens to people caught crossing the border? When Border Patrol agents detain someone caught crossing the border illegally, they take the individual to the nearest Border Patrol station to be processed. The crosser's information is recorded, and the person is detained. What happens after that depends on the circumstances and whether the person is seeking asylum.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What is the public's opinion on the mexican-american immigration?
2. Do immigrants ever go back to mexico on their own free will?

# data[].attributes.headline
Before COVID-19, more Mexicans came to the U.S. than left for Mexico for the first time in years

# data[].attributes.subject
Before COVID-19, more Mexicans came to the U.S. than left for Mexico for the first time in years

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
More Mexican migrants came to the United States than left the U.S. for Mexico between 2013 and 2018 - a reversal of the trend in much of the prior decade, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of the most recently available data capturing migration flows from both countries.

An estimated 870,000 Mexican migrants came to the U.S. between 2013 and 2018, while an estimated 710,000 left the U.S. for Mexico during that period. That translates to net migration of about 160,000 people from Mexico to the U.S., according to government data from both countries.

In the period from 2009 to 2014, by contrast, about a million people left the U.S. for Mexico while 870,000 Mexicans made the reverse trip, for net migration of about 130,000 people from the U.S. to Mexico. A similar trend from 2005 to 2010 resulted in effectively zero net migration between the two countries. (Due to the way the Mexican government sources report data, this analysis uses several overlapping time periods: 2005-2010, for example, and 2009-2014. In addition, migration from Mexico in this analysis includes only those who were born there, while migration to Mexico includes those born in Mexico, the U.S., and elsewhere.)

Measuring migration flows between Mexico and the U.S. is challenging because there are no official counts of how many Mexican immigrants enter and leave the U.S. each year. This analysis uses the best available government data from both countries to estimate the size of these flows. For this analysis, migration from the U.S. to Mexico includes persons born in Mexico, the U.S., and elsewhere, while migration from Mexico to the U.S. includes Mexican-born persons only.

To estimate how many people have left the U.S. for Mexico, this analysis uses data from the 2018 and 2014 Mexican National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (or ENADID) and the 2020, 2010 and 2000 Mexican decennial censuses. Respondents are asked where they had been living five years prior to the date when the survey or census was taken. The answers to this question provide an estimate of the number of people who moved from the U.S. to Mexico during the five years prior to the survey date. A separate question focuses on those who have recently left Mexico. It asks whether anyone from the household had left for another country during the previous five years; if so, additional questions are asked about whether and when that person or people came back and their reasons for returning to Mexico.

To estimate how many Mexicans left Mexico for the U.S., this analysis uses the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (2005-2019) and the Current Population Survey (1990-2019), which ask immigrants living in the U.S. about their country of birth and the year of their arrival in the U.S. Both sources are adjusted for undercount.

Other sources of information include detailed tables released by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Office of Immigration Statistics, the U.S. Department of State, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

The main change in net flow between the two countries in the most recent period comes from the decreased return flow from the U.S. to Mexico - 1.0 million from 2009 to 2014 down to 710,000 from 2013 to 2018 - rather than an increase in the number of Mexican immigrants coming to the U.S. The number of Mexican immigrants going from Mexico to the U.S. stood unchanged at 870,000 for both 2009 to 2014 and 2013 to 2018.

There are several potential reasons for the changing patterns of migration flows between the two nations. In the U.S., job losses during the Great Recession of 2007-2009 in industries in which immigrants tend to be heavily represented may have pushed a large number of Mexicans to migrate back to Mexico, which in the aftermath of the recession also made the U.S. less attractive to potential Mexican migrants. In addition, stricter enforcement of U.S. immigration laws both at the southwest border and within the interior of the U.S. may have contributed to the reduction in Mexican immigrants coming to the U.S. in the years leading up to 2013.

Some changing patterns in Mexico could also be behind the reduction in the number of immigrants coming to the U.S. since the Great Recession. First, growth in the working-age population of Mexicans has slowed due to a decades-long decline in the average number of births among women in Mexico. Lower fertility rates also mean smaller family sizes, which reduces the need for migration as a means of family financial support. Coupled with this, the Mexican economy over the past two decades has been more stable than in the 1980s and 1990s, when the country was hit with a number of profound economic crises.

While net migration from Mexico to the U.S. turned positive from 2013 to 2018 for the first time in more than a decade, it remained far below the levels seen in earlier decades when migration from Mexico to the U.S. was at its peak. In the five-year period between 1995 and 2000, for example, nearly 3 million immigrants came to the U.S. from Mexico, while only around 670,000 made the reverse trip, for net migration of nearly 2.3 million people from Mexico to the U.S.

Mexico is the largest country of birth among the estimated 47 million immigrants living in the U.S., according to preliminary estimates based on the 2019 American Community Survey. About 24% of all U.S. immigrants were born in Mexico.

Total number of Mexican immigrants living in the U.S. declined between 2007 and 2019

After peaking at 12.8 million in 2007, the number of Mexican immigrants living in the U.S. has declined in recent years. Preliminary estimates show that in 2019, the overall population of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. was 11.4 million, or about 1.4 million below the number at the onset of the Great Recession.

The decline in Mexican immigrants in the U.S. has been due mostly to a decrease of about 2 million unauthorized Mexican immigrants, from a peak of 6.9 million in 2007 to an estimated 4.9 million in 2017, according to Pew Research Center's latest estimate of the unauthorized population in the U.S.

Mexican immigrants have been at the center of one of the largest mass migrations in modern history. Between 1965 and 2015, more than 16 million Mexican immigrants migrated to the U.S. - more than from any other country.

In 1970, fewer than 1 million Mexican immigrants lived in the U.S. By 2000, that number had grown to 9.4 million, and by 2007 it peaked at 12.8 million.

At the start of the coronavirus pandemic, the U.S. and Mexican governments shut down their land borders to all non-essential travel, and the U.S. has yet to reopen them after more than a year. Travel in most of the world was disrupted during the pandemic and migration flows seemed to dwindle. However, it is still unclear how the coronavirus pandemic has affected migration flows from Mexico to the U.S. and vice versa. The two main sources for this kind of information, the U.S. Census Bureau's surveys and the Mexican government's INEGI data, are not yet available for the period covering the pandemic, while other data sources only offer a partial view. These secondary sources, however, do hint at some of the changes that might be underway since the coronavirus outbreak started.

One of these data points is the number of immigrants who entered the U.S. in fiscal 2020 through permanent legal residency, also known as a "green card." In fiscal 2020, about 30,500 Mexican immigrants entered the U.S. this way, down 45% from the prior year. The reduction during the fiscal year, which ran from Oct. 1, 2019, to Sept. 30, 2020, was particularly notable in the months after the coronavirus outbreak began: Between April and September 2020, the number of Mexican green card recipients dropped by 90% compared with the same period in the prior year.

Another available data point is the number of Mexican immigrants who entered the U.S. through a temporary work visa, such as the H-2A visa for farmworkers, or the TN or H-1B visas for high-skilled immigrants. In fiscal 2020, Mexican farmworkers obtained about 198,000 temporary permits to come work in the U.S., up 5% from the prior fiscal year - an annual increase far lower than those seen in most years leading up to the pandemic. Meanwhile, the number of high-skilled Mexican workers who obtained a TN or H-1B visa dropped 36% in the same period, from about 24,000 to 15,000.

Another snapshot of Mexican immigration flows relates to unauthorized immigrants, including those who come to the U.S. temporarily on a visa and overstay their permit and those who cross the border without inspection and reside in the U.S. as unauthorized immigrants.

While data on visa overstays during the pandemic is not available, the number of people traveling into the U.S. during the pandemic went down and the number of non-immigrant visas issued in Mexico also declined. In fiscal 2020, the total number of non-immigrant visas processed in Mexico by the U.S. Department of State dropped 35% compared with the prior year, from about 1.5 million in 2019 to about 960,000 in 2020. Most of these temporary visas were processed for tourism, business or for crossing the border and do not include a work authorization.

By contrast, apprehensions of unauthorized Mexican immigrants - a statistic that is often used as a proxy for measuring illegal immigration - increased considerably after the pandemic started in 2020, even as apprehensions of non-Mexicans dropped sharply. In fiscal 2020, the number of encounters or apprehensions of Mexican adults at the U.S.-Mexican border reached levels not seen since 2013. There were 253,118 such encounters, up 52% from 166,458 the year before.

It is important to note that apprehensions at the border were handled differently in fiscal 2020 than in years immediately prior due to an executive order called Title 42, authorized by former President Donald Trump. Under the order, Border Patrol agents did not always conduct a formal apprehension and removal, but instead sent immigrants directly back to Mexico without those steps.

Some analysts say that the new procedures have increased the number of immigrants from Mexico and elsewhere who try to enter the U.S. illegally multiple times. The number of immigrants with a prior encounter with a Border Patrol agent increased considerably in fiscal year 2020, according U.S. Customs and Enforcement data.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Before COVID-19, more Mexicans came to the U.S. than left for Mexico for the first time in years

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
More Mexican migrants came to the United States than left the U.S. for Mexico between 2013 and 2018 - a reversal of the trend in much of the prior decade, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of the most recently available data capturing migration flows from both countries.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Who was the first person to immigrate into america?
2. Where do immigrants go after they crossed the border

# data[].attributes.body
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mexican-American_communities

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
List of Mexican-American communities - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
needs additional citations for verification .improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (Learn how and when to remove this template message)