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TeacherTube: A Virtual Voyage of Ellis Island

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TeacherTube: A Virtual Voyage of Ellis Island

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TeacherTube - A Virtual Voyage to Ellis Island

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YouTube Video: History Channel Immigrants at Ellis Island

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YouTube Video: History Channel Immigrants at Ellis Island

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Ellis Island Virtual Fieldtrip SOM EDU 309

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Ellis Island 360 (360º Narrated Video Tour)

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Angel Island - A Story of Chinese Immigration

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Table of Contents

Angel Island Immigration Station, formally United States Immigration Station at Angel Island, the principal immigration facility on the West Coast of the United States from 1910 to 1940. Angel Island encompasses an area of about 740 acres (300 hectares) and is located in San Francisco Bay, California, near Alcatraz Island and the Golden Gate Bridge, between 1.25 miles (2 km) and 1.5 miles (2.5 km) north of San Francisco. It functioned as both an immigration and deportation facility, at which some 175,000 Chinese and about 60,000 Japanese immigrants were detained under oppressive conditions, generally from two weeks to six months, before being allowed to enter the United States.

Having served successively as a hunting and fishing ground for the Miwok people, a private cattle ranch, a military base and embarkation point, as well as a quarantine station, Angel Island replaced a congested structure on a pier in San Francisco as the West Coast's main immigration facility in 1910. Unlike Ellis Island, where Europeans were subject to restrictions that precluded entrance for some but not most immigrants, the Angel Island Immigration Station employed discriminatory policies that were used to prevent Asians from immigrating. This approach was an outgrowth and implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which had resulted from years of racial hostility by white Americans against immigrant Chinese labourers.

Passengers arriving in San Francisco were screened aboard ship and separated by nationality. Europeans and first-class passengers were generally permitted immediate entrance to the city. Asians-along with some other immigrant groups (notably Mexicans and Russians) as well as those thought to require medical quarantine-were ferried to Angel Island. Because the Exclusion Act and its revisions limited Chinese immigration to certain skilled occupations while also allowing entrance to the children of U.S. citizens, elaborate steps were taken by Chinese immigrants to masquerade as practitioners of qualifying vocations or as the " paper sons" and "paper daughters" of Chinese Americans. The immigration authorities' rigorous efforts to expose fraud resulted in protracted, exhaustive interrogations and related interviews of corroborating parties that sometimes kept the immigrants captive on the island for weeks or months. Boards of Special Inquiry grilled immigrants on minutiae related to their stated occupations, families, or hometowns. The immigrants were also subjected to extensive physical examinations that violated their cultural norms.

The station's location on the island was intended to keep the detainees isolated and was thought to be escape-proof. Before long the Angel Island facility also became a deportation centre for those already in the country in violation of the Exclusion Act. The station comprised some 45 purpose-built structures, including a hospital, a laboratory, barracks, a laundry, and a two-story bathhouse. When the main administration building was destroyed by fire in 1940, the immigration facility was relocated to the mainland. In 1954 a small part of the island became a California state park, with land added to the park between then and 1963, after which point the park's boundaries encompassed nearly the whole island.

Jeff Wallenfeldt

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Angel Island Immigration Station | History & Facts

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Angel Island Immigration Station, formally United States Immigration Station at Angel Island, the principal immigration facility on the West Coast of the United States from 1910 to 1940. Angel Island encompasses an area of about 740 acres (300 hectares) and is located in San Francisco Bay, California, near Alcatraz Island and the Golden Gate Bridge, between 1.25 miles (2 km) and 1.5 miles (2.5 km) north of San Francisco.

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Chinese Immigration: Angel Island History

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Chinese Immigration: Angel Island History

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AIISF History | Angel Island Immigration Station - San Francisco

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Angel Island exists to move immigration forward by sharing the story of Angel Island and encouraging people to visit Angel Island.

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In 1905, construction of the Immigration Station began in the area then known as North Garrison. Surrounded by public controversy from its inception, the station was finally put into partial operation in 1910. It was designed to process Chinese immigrants whose entry was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Law of 1882. A rush of immigrants from Europe were expected with the opening of the Panama Canal, but international events after 1914, including the outbreak of World War I, cancelled the expected rush, but Asians continued to arrive on the West Coast and to go through immigration procedures. Though most immigrants processed through the Immigration Station on Angel Island were Chinese, over 80 countries were represented by the influx of immigrants.

The influx of Asians into the United States, dating from the California Gold Rush, created tension between many immigrant groups. During the 1870s, an economic downturn resulted in serious unemployment problems, and led to outcries against Asian immigrants who would work for low wages, this along with the resentment towards Chinese who were finding themselves successful in the laundry, hotel and fishing industries led to very restrictive immigration laws. These laws allowed entry only to those that had been born in the U.S. or had husbands or fathers who were citizens. Enforcement of those laws was assigned to the Bureau of Immigration.

When it opened in 1910, the new detention facility on Angel Island was considered ideal because of its isolation. Access to and from the Island was very important to control and enforce the relatively new immigration laws and deal with the threat of disease from the many new people arriving daily to America. There were buildings to house and care for detainees, a pier, hospital, and regular boat service to the mainland. During the next 30 years, this was the point of entry for most of the approximately 175,000 Chinese immigrants who came to the United States. Most of them were detained on Angel Island for as little as two weeks or as much as six months. A few however, were forced to remain on the island for as much as two years.

Interrogations could take a long time to complete, especially if witnesses for the immigrants lived in the eastern United States. Some detainees expressed their feelings in poetry that they carved into the wooden walls of the detention barracks. Others simply waited, hoping for a favorable response to their appeals, but fearing deportation. Many of the poems that were carved into the walls of the barracks are still legible today.

By the time the fire destroyed the Administration Building, immigration had slowed in the country, the government was finding that the maintenance of the facilities on Angel Island were extremely expensive, and finally as the U.S. entered WWII, China became an ally to the U.S. and immigration policies on the Chinese changed in response. In August of 1940, a fire destroyed the administration building and hastened the government's decision to abandon the Immigration Station. On November 5, the last group of about 200 immigrants (including about 150 Chinese) were transferred from Angel Island to temporary quarters in San Francisco.The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and subsequent immigration laws were repealed with the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943.

Today, most visitors to Angel Island find the Immigration Station a place of reflection. While often called the Ellis Island of the West, the U.S. Immigration Station, was in fact quite different. Arrivals at Ellis Island were welcomed to this country by the near by Statue of Liberty and screened primarily for medical reasons leaving an average of 2-3 hours of arriving. At Angel Island, the objective was to exclude new arrivals, the memories of many returning visitors are therefore bittersweet. The Immigration Barracks has been restored to allow visitors a glimpse into the life of an immigrant, through recreated bunk rooms and recreation areas you can see the spaces immigrants lived while on their journey to a new life in America.

Park staff and volunteers provide guided tours and interpretive talks to connect visitors today with the many issues and situations that immigrants faced on Angel Island over 100 years ago, and hopefully help visitors connect with their own family stories and the stories of immigrants today who, if you look closely, may be repeating history.

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California State Parks, State of California

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In 1905, construction of the Immigration Station began in the area then known as North Garrison. Surrounded by public controversy from its inception, the station was finally put into partial operation in 1910. It was designed to process Chinese immigrants whose entry was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Law of 1882.

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Distance from Ayala Cove: 1.5 mile

Estimated hiking time: 30 min

Estimated biking time: 20 min

Amenities

Museum with Guided & Self-Guided Tours

Restrooms

Picnic Tables

Water

The "Ellis Island" of the West

In 1905, construction of an Immigration Station began in the area known as China Cove. The facility, primarily a detention center, was designed to control the flow of Chinese into the country, since they were officially not welcomed with the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

The first Chinese entered California in 1848, and within a few years, thousands more came, lured by the promise of Gam Sann or "Gold Mountain". Soon, discriminatory legislation forced them out of the gold fields and into low-paying, menial jobs. They laid tracks for the Central Pacific Railroad, reclaimed swamp land in the Sacramento delta, developed shrimp and abalone fisheries, and provided cheap labor wherever there was work no other group wanted or needed.

During the 1870s, an economic downturn resulted in serious unemployment problems and led to politically motivated outcries against immigrants who would work for low wages. In reaction to states starting to pass immigration laws, the federal government asserted its authority to control immigration and passed the first immigration law in 1882. The Exclusion Acts, a series of restrictive laws prohibiting immigration, specifically targeted Chinese immigrants. Subsequent immigration laws were eventually consolidated under the Immigration Act of 1924, effecting certain nationalities and social classes of Asian immigrants.

Surrounded by public controversy from its inception, the station was finally put into operation in 1910. Immigrants arrived from approximately 84 different countries, with Chinese immigrants constituting the single largest ethnic group entering at San Francisco until 1915, when Japanese outnumbered the Chinese for the first time. Widely known as the "Ellis Island of the West" the station differed from Ellis Island in one important respect - the majority of immigrants processed on Angel Island were from Asian countries, specifically China, Japan, Russia and South Asia (in that order). Dubbed as the "Guardian of the Western Gate," by its staff, this facility was built to help keep Chinese and eventually other Asian immigrants out of the country.

Paper Sons and Daughters

One class of Chinese the U.S. could not keep out were those who were already citizens of the United States by virtue of having a father who was a citizen. Until the mid-1920s, women did not have separate citizenship from their husbands and parents. A native-born woman lost her citizenship by marrying a foreign national. Then, as now, any person born in the U.S. is automatically a citizen, regardless of the status of their parents. Also, the children of citizens are also citizens, regardless of where they are born. Hence, any Chinese who could prove citizenship through paternal lineage could not be denied entry.

Those without true fathers in the U.S. became "paper sons" or "paper daughters". They bought papers identifying them as children of American citizens and coaching books with detailed information on their "paper" families, which they studied in order to pass grueling interrogations. Because official records were often non-existent, an interrogation process was created to determine if the immigrants were related as they claimed. Questions could include details of the immigrant's home and village as well as specific knowledge of his or her ancestors. Interrogations could take a long time to complete, especially if witnesses for the immigrants lived in the eastern United States. The average detention was two to three weeks, but many stayed for several months.

With little to do on an isolated island, some detainees passed the time by expressing their feelings in poetry that they brushed or carved into the wooden walls. Others simply waited, fearing deportation, yet hoping for a favorable response to their appeals. Many of the poems carved into the walls are still legible today. Poems lost to layers of paint over the years, were unknowingly, in 1931-32, documented by two immigrants, Smiley Jann and Tet Yee, who copied the poetry while they awaited ruling of their cases.

The Passing of an Era

Over the years, it was suggested a number of times that the Immigration process be moved to another location. The island had been described as inadequate, expensive and inconvenient. In 1940, the government decided to move immigration services to the mainland, their decision hastened by a fire that destroyed the administration building in August of that year. On November 5th, the last group of about 200 immigrants, including about 150 Chinese, were transferred from Angel Island to temporary quarters in San Francisco.

The "Chinese Exclusion Act", originally intended to last for 10 years, was extended and expanded, and not repealed until 1943 when China became our ally in World War II. However, following this repeal Chinese immigration control was then consolidated with an earlier 1924 Immigration Act, which allowed only 105 Chinese immigrants into the U.S. each year along with excluded classes of Chinese such as professionals and merchants. This immigration quota system was abolished by the Immigration Act of 1965, which brought every nationality onto the same immigration footing.

In 1941, following the departure of the Immigration Service from the island, the station property was returned to the Army, and it became the North Garrison of Fort McDowell. When World War II began, the old immigration barracks became a Prisoner of War Processing Center, and German and Japanese prisoners were processed there before being sent to permanent camps in the interior.

The first prisoner taken by American forces in World War II, Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki, was sent to Angel Island after being captured at Pearl Harbor while commanding a Japanese midget submarine. He was followed by Germans captured in North Africa , and Japanese captured in the Pacific. In 1942, the North Garrison was greatly expanded, with the construction of several barracks, a mess hall and a recreation building, making North Garrison a post in miniature.

Creation of the Museum

After the war, the Immigration Station now abandoned, fell into disrepair. Like many other unused buildings on the Island, the Station was scheduled to be demolished.

In 1970, Park Ranger Alexander Weiss toured the building with flashlight in hand and noted the Chinese characters carved into the walls. Through his efforts, those of Paul Chow and the Angel Island Immigration Station Historical Advisory Committee (AIISHAC), special legislation was passed in 1976 providing $250,000 for preservation and restoration: the detention barracks, and its Chinese poetry saved.

AIISHAC created the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation (AIISF) to continue preservation and educational efforts regarding the site. AIISF is the non-profit partner of California State Parks and the National Park Service in the work to restore the historic Immigration Station at Angel Island. AIISF's mission includes both the preservation of the site and education about the role of Pacific Rim immigration in U.S. history.

Immigration Records

Unlike Ellis Island, Angel Island State Park does not house immigration records accumulated during the time the Immigration Station was active on the island. Those valuable records are preserved and are available at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family's history, need to prove a veteran's military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you.

The headquarters of the National Archives is located in Washington DC. In addition, a system of Regional Records Services facilities and Presidential libraries spans the entire country. Information on locations and hours can be found at NARA Facilities.

Photos

The California State Parks Archive - United States Immigration Station Photos

The Hart Hyatt North - Photo Collection. A collection of photographs donated to UC Berkeley by Hart Hyatt North, the first Immigration Commissioner on Angel Island. The majority of the interior photos appear to pre-date the stations opening in 1910 showing no signs of immigrant habitation.

Recommended Reading

Angel Island Prisoner 1922
Images of America; Angel Island
Island; Poetry and History of Chinese Immigrants
Kai's Journey to Gold Mountain
Miwoks to Missiles
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United States Immigration Station (USIS)

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Distance from Ayala Cove: 1.5 mile Estimated hiking time: 30 min Estimated biking time: 20 min Museum with Guided & Self-Guided Tours Restrooms Picnic Tables Water In 1905, construction of an Immigration Station began in the area known as China Cove.

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"The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World" was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the United States and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. It was designated as a National Monument in 1924. Employees of the National Park Service have been caring for the colossal copper statue since 1933.

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Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)

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"The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World" was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the United States and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. It was designated as a National Monument in 1924.

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Table of Contents

1. Origins of the Statue of Liberty

2. Statue of Liberty: Assembly and Dedication

3. The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island

4. The Statue of Liberty Over the Years

The Statue of Liberty was a joint effort between France and the United States, intended to commemorate the lasting friendship between the peoples of the two nations. The French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi created the statue itself out of sheets of hammered copper, while Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, the man behind the famed Eiffel Tower, designed the statue's steel framework. The Statue of Liberty was then given to the United States and erected atop an American-designed pedestal on a small island in Upper New York Bay, now known as Liberty Island, and dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in 1886. Over the years, the statue stood tall as millions of immigrants arrived in America via nearby Ellis Island; in 1986, it underwent an extensive renovation in honor of the centennial of its dedication. Today, the Statue of Liberty remains an enduring symbol of freedom and democracy, as well as one of the world's most recognizable landmarks.

Origins of the Statue of Liberty

Around 1865, as the American Civil War drew to a close, the French historian Edouard de Laboulaye proposed that France create a statue to give to the United States in celebration of that nation's success in building a viable democracy. The sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, known for largescale sculptures, earned the commission; the goal was to design the sculpture in time for the centennial of the Declaration of Independence in 1876. The project would be a joint effort between the two countries-the French people were responsible for the statue and its assembly, while the Americans would build the pedestal on which it would stand-and a symbol of the friendship between their peoples.

Did you know? The base of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal contains exhibits on the monument's history, including the original 1886 torch. Visitor access to the Statue of Liberty's torch was halted for good after German operatives set off an explosion on the nearby Black Tom peninsula in July 1916, during World War I.

Due to the need to raise funds for the statue, work on the sculpture did not begin until 1875. Bartholdi's massive creation, titled "Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World," depicted a woman holding a torch in her raised right hand and a tablet in her left, upon which was engraved " July 4, 1776," the adoption date of the Declaration of Independence. Bartholdi, who was said to have modeled the woman's face after that of his mother, hammered large copper sheets to create the statue's "skin" (using a technique called repousse). To create the skeleton on which the skin would be assembled, he called on Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, designer of Paris' Eiffel Tower. Along with Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Eiffel built a skeleton out of iron pylon and steel that allowed the copper skin to move independently, a necessary condition for the strong winds it would endure in the chosen location of New York Harbor.

Statue of Liberty: Assembly and Dedication

While work went on in France on the actual statue, fundraising efforts continued in the United States for the pedestal, including contests, benefits and exhibitions. Near the end, the leading New York newspaperman Joseph Pulitzer used his paper, the World, to raise the last necessary funds. Designed by the American architect Richard Morris Hunt, the statue's pedestal was constructed inside the courtyard of Fort Wood, a fortress built for the War of 1812 and located on Bedloe's Island, off the southern tip of Manhattan in Upper New York Bay.

In 1885, Bartholdi completed the statue, which was disassembled, packed in more than 200 crates, and shipped to New York, arriving that June aboard the French frigate Isere. Over the next four months, workers reassembled the statue and mounted it on the pedestal; its height reached 305 feet (or 93 meters), including the pedestal. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland officially dedicated the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectators.

The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island

In 1892, the U.S. government opened a federal immigration station on Ellis Island, located near Bedloe's Island in Upper New York Bay. Between 1892 and 1954, some 12 million immigrants were processed on Ellis Island before receiving permission to enter the United States. From 1900-14, during the peak years of its operation, some 5,000 to 10,000 people passed through every day.

Looming above New York Harbor nearby, the Statue of Liberty provided a majestic welcome to those passing through Ellis Island. On a plaque at the entrance to the statue's pedestal is engraved a sonnet called "The New Colossus," written in 1883 by Emma Lazarus as part of a fundraising contest. Its most famous passage speaks to the statue's role as a welcoming symbol of freedom and democracy for the millions of immigrants who came to America seeking a new and better life: "Give me your tired, your poor/Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free/The wretched refuse of your teeming shore/Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me/I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

The Statue of Liberty Over the Years

Until 1901, the U.S. Lighthouse Board operated the Statue of Liberty, as the statue's torch represented a navigational aid for sailors. After that date, it was placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. War Department due to Fort Wood's status as a still-operational army post. In 1924, the federal government made the statue a national monument, and it was transferred to the care of the National Parks Service in 1933. In 1956, Bedloe's Island was renamed Liberty Island, and in 1965, more than a decade after its closure as a federal immigration station, Ellis Island became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

By the early 20th century, the oxidation of the Statue of Liberty's copper skin through exposure to rain, wind and sun had given the statue a distinctive green color, known as verdigris. In 1984, the statue was closed to the public and underwent a massive restoration in time for its centennial celebration. Even as the restoration began, the United Nations designated the Statue of Liberty as a World Heritage Site. On July 5, 1986, the Statue of Liberty reopened to the public in a centennial celebration. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Liberty Island closed for 100 days; the Statue of Liberty itself was not reopened to visitor access until August 2004. In July 2009, the statue's crown was again reopened to the public, though visitors must make a reservation to climb to the top of the pedestal or to the crown.

Fact Check

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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Statue of Liberty - Height, Location & Timeline

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The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by France, as a symbol of the two countries' friendship. It was erected atop an American-designed pedestal on a small island in Upper New York Bay, now known as Liberty Island, and dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in 1886.

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The Statue of Liberty is more than a monument. She is a beloved friend, a living symbol of freedom to millions around the world. The museum exhibits are a tribute to the people who created her, to those who built and paid for her, to the ideals she represents, and to the hopes she inspires.

The 26,000 square foot museum features three gallery spaces, each one meant to inspire visitors and educate them about the Statue of Liberty in interactive and thought-provoking ways. The museum features a walkthrough theater that immerses visitors into the Statue of Liberty's creation and construction and even offers a cinematic flythrough tour of the Statue. In the Engagement Gallery, visitors see how the Statue was constructed and have many interactive ways to explore its symbolic meaning. The Inspiration Gallery invites visitors to share their own self-portrait and a collage of pictures to create an ever-changing visitor mosaic that reflects a collective view of liberty. Visitors can also see the original torch on display in a glass-enclosed wing with a view of the Statue behind it.

The museum merges landscape and building, and the roof is planted with native meadow grasses and offers visitors sweeping, panoramic views of Lady Liberty, lower Manhattan, and all of New York Harbor.

The experience culminates with an up-close view of Liberty's most iconic symbol, her original torch, held high for nearly 100 years. Rescued from the elements and replaced in 1986, the torch is the most powerful artifact visitors encounter as they reach the end of the museum experience.

The famous sonnet was written by Emma Lazarus in 1883. A bronze plaque, dedicated in memory of Emma Lazarus' contribution to the completion of the Statue's pedestal, has been affixed to the inner walls of the pedestal since the early 1900's. This plaque has come to symbolize the statue's universal message of hope and freedom for immigrants coming to America and people seeking freedom around the world. A replica of the plaque is on display in the museum.

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About the Statue of Liberty - The Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island

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The Statue of Liberty is more than a monument. She is a beloved friend, a living symbol of freedom to millions around the world. The museum exhibits are a tribute to the people who created her, to those who built and paid for her, to the ideals she represents, and to the hopes she inspires.

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The Statue of Liberty for Kids: Famous World Landmarks for Children - FreeSchool

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Facts about the Statue of Liberty for Kids

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National Geographic: The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island

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National Geographic: The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island

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What "Lady Liberty" and Ellis Island Mean Today | National Geographic

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Virtually explore Angel Island Immigration Station in a fully immersive 360-degree experience.

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View the interactive image by Green Team Gazette

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Ellis Island Interactive Tour With Facts, Pictures, Video | Scholastic.com

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Learn about immigration on Ellis Island in this interactive, virtual tour. Facts about immigration, pictures of Ellis Island, oral histories, and videos help explain the immigration process to kids.

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Oh Ranger!: Ellis Island Journey to America

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Oh Ranger!: Ellis Island Journey to America

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The Immigrant Journey | Ellis Island | Oh, Ranger!

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The practice of one member of a family going to America first and then saving to bring the others over was common. From 1900 to 1910, almost 95 percent of the immigrants arriving at Ellis Island were joining either family or friends.