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There's three types of management roles discussed in module 1, the top level management determines the objectives, policies and plans of the organization. Middle level management gives recommendations to the top level management and executes policies and plans which are made by the top level management. Lower level management directs the workers/employees and informs the workers about the decisions or changes in the company

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Henry Fayol also is known as the ‘father of modern management theory’ gave a new perception of the concept of management. He introduced a general theory that can be applied to all levels of management and every department, he concentrated on accomplishing managerial efficiency.

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In Module 2 we learned a lot about diversity, business ethics and CSR. CSR demonstrates that you're a business that takes an interest in wider social issues, rather than just those that impact your profit margins, which will attract customers who share the same values. Therefore, it makes good business sense to operate sustainably.

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A diverse workforce is more likely to understand your customers' needs and come up with ideas to fulfill them. Diversity in the workplace will also increase employee morale and instill a desire to be more effective and work more efficiently. This will greatly increase the productivity of your business.

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In module 3 I learned the importance of global trade agreements and organizations which the World Trade Organization (WTO) created. These Agreements cover goods, services, intellectual property, standards, investment and other issues that impact the flow of trade.

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Module 4 discussed the benefits of planning and the types of plan there is, strategic management and the types of analysis factors. I learned that strategic management process is a continuous culture of appraisal that a business adopts to outdo the competitors.

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Cultural Differences and Global Business

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Cultural differences has a huge factor on how a global business operates. When conducting or opening a business in a different country across the world you must understand the countries culture and what is acceptable to sell there, this will help you recognize the effects of your business that will prevent you from creating misunderstandings with foreign clients, colleagues and customers.

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In module 4 I also learned about decision making. When making a decision no matter what it's for we use some of these types of decision making optimizing, satisficing, combinatorial, positional, intuitive, or rational to come to a conclusion on what should we do and the effect it will have.

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Module 5 I learned common elements of an organizations  which demonstrates common purpose, coordinated effort, division of labor, hierarchy of authority, as well as centralization/ decentralization and formalization of the people that are involved in contributing to the culture of an organization.

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Current Trends in Organization and Job Design

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The traditional career ladder follows a hierarchical path; entry-level position followed by promotions up the chain with broader responsibilities and less job or skill specificity. A flat structure model focuses on horizontal growth, digging deeper, expanding knowledge and getting better at core competencies. The benefit to employees is greater autonomy, as they have the freedom to work amongst each other without the titles of hierarchy slowing down communication.

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Employee motivation is the level of energy, commitment, and creativity that a company’s workers bring to their jobs. Whether the economy is growing or shrinking, finding ways to motivate employees is always a management concern.

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In module 8 I learned the proper performance of the management control function is critical to the success of an organization. After plans are set in place, management must execute a series of steps to ensure that the plans are carried out. The steps in the basic control process can be followed for almost any application, such as improving product quality, reducing waste, and increasing sales. The basic control process includes the following steps are strategic, tactical, and operational control.

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In module 7 I learned what types of leadership skills, styles, traits and behavioral approach that forms a leader. Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act toward achieving a common objective and to be an effective leader you must possess traits that extend beyond management duties. Everyone has a different opinion or reason why they think a person is considered a leader to them.

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When a you have great business communication to your employees, customers, or business partners you'll run an effective company. This module I learned the different types of communications strategies or flows that most companies use to communicate changes or need to know information.

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Module 6 demonstrated the decisions, strategies, principles, operations, practices, functions, activities, and the methods used to manage employees.The goal of HR is to ensure that an organization has the right skills, abilities, and knowledge to implement its strategy.

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The techniques of control used by the management has a regulating effect and there are a number of techniques (or tools) that help a manager in effective controlling. It is important for a manager to know the areas of control and tools and techniques of control, proper use of controlling techniques helps an organization to survive in the highly changing economic world.