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Leeming Senior High School, Aulberry Parade, Leeming WA

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Leeming Senior High School, Aulberry Parade, Leeming WA

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Leeming Senior High School, Aulberry Parade, Leeming WA

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Income:
Classified as an Upper Middle-Income Country, South Africa is placed in the yellow quadrant mode of engagement of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), underlined by the appreciable economic growth and gaps of inequality requiring concerted actions.

Population:
> 60,700,000

Life expectancy:
At birth for men, it has declined from 62.4 in 2020 to 59.3 in 2021 and for women, it has dropped from 68.4 in 2020 to 64.6.

Health status:
Leading causes of death include - tuberculosis, diabetes, heart disease and HIV. In South Africa, the top three causes of DALYs in 2010 were HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and interpersonal violence. The causes that were in the 10 leading causes of DALYs in 2010 and not 1990 were HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and major depressive disorder.  South Africa faces a quadruple burden of disease resulting from communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB; maternal and child mortality; NCDs such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, mental illnesses and chronic lung diseases like asthma; as well as injury and trauma. Some of the water-borne diseases that pose a high risk to South Africans include gastroenteritis, cholera, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, bilharziasis and dysentery.

2 major concerns:
Unemployment - eased to 34.5% in the first quarter of 2022, the first decline in seven quarters, down from a record high of 35.3% in the prior period

Crime and corruption - 32% of millennials listed crime and safety as well as corruption within business and politics as their leading concern within the country

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dead haps

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Income:
- In 2020, the national gross income per capita in Brazil was 7.85 thousand U.S. dollars. A decrease from the previous year by 7.85k USD.

Population:
Total: Approx 212 million.
M: 108 million
F: 104 million

Life expectancy:
Avg: 75.88 (2019)
M: 72.24 (2019)
F: 79.56 (2019)

Causes of Death/ Health Issues:
- Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in 2019
- Circulatory Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, Neoplasms.
Prevalent: STI's, Malaria, Rabies

Health Status:
- Considerably low ranking of housing, income, employment, education, safety, satisfaction.

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Is your country low, middle, high income?
- Low income

Population of your country:
- >112 million

What is the life expectancy of your country?
- Women 68.54 years
- Men 64.69 years

What is the health status of your country? Demographic overview
1. Major causes of deaths – neonatal disorders, diarrhoea diseases, lower respiratory infections
2. Main causes of DALYS – lower respiratory infections, diarrhoea diseases and malaria
3. Burden of disease – cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer

2 major concerns:
- Poverty / unemployment
- Economy

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Is country middle or high income: average annual salary is $19,980 USD, upper middle income, GDP is 2.458 trillion

Economy: 15th largest in the world, GDP per capita is $8,346.70 USD

Population: 131.5 million, growth rate is 1.06%

Life expectancy: females - 78.2 years, males - 72.6 years

Health status

Main causes of death

Ischaemic heart disease: 91 per deaths 100,000 people

Diabetes mellitus: 67.3 deaths per 100,000 people, highest prevalence in the world

32.4% of the population is obese, second highest prevalence in the world (after the US)

Malignant tumours

Stroke (25.8%)

Alzheimers (51.4%)

Main causes of DALYS

Diabetes mellitus

Ischaemic heart disease

Kidney disease

Demographic overview

Urban population - 84%, rural population - 16%

63.72 million males and 66.54 million females

Ageing population: The median age as of 2015 is 28 years, by 2055, the median age will be 44 and almost 30% of Mexicans will be over 60, causing the population to decrease after 2062. The aged population is growing

Birth rate: 1990 - 3.5 births per woman, 2017 - 2.4, 2100 - 1.4, birth rate is decreasing over time

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Middle to low income- mostly people aged 15-64 have a paid job.
- Average income per capita is USD 24 590, or approximately $35612.10 Australian dollars.
- 75% of men are paid in their work, compared to 54% of women.

The population is made up of 51.78 million people.

Life expectancy (2020)
Males- 80.5 years
Females- 86.5 years

Health status:
Main causes of deaths:
(deaths per 100000 people)
Cancer- 160.1
Heart disease- 63
Pneumonia- 43.3
Cerobrovascular disease- 42.6
Suicide- 25.7
Diabetes- 16.5

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Nigeria is a low-income country with a annual GDP of $514.076 billion in 2021 and a GDP per capita of $2432 in 2021 that has a population of 200,963,599 people. In 2019, life expectancy at birth for women in Nigeria was about 55.62 years, while life expectancy at birth for men was about 53.79 years.

On average, Nigeria’s health outcome indicators are still unacceptably high.

-          Maternal mortality ratio is 814 per 100 000.

-          Mortality rate for infants and children under five years is 70 and 104 per 1000 live births respectively.

-          A significant disparity in health status exists across States & geopolitical zones as well as across rural/urban divide, education & social status.

-           Communicable diseases still constitute a major public health problem: Malaria accounts for 27% of global burden; TB prevalence is at 323 per 100 000; HIV/AIDS prevalence is estimated at 3.2%. Malnutrition is common with stunting rate at 43.6%.

-          Guinea worm transmission was interrupted in 2013.

-          Wild Polio Virus was reported in September 2016.

-          Non communicable diseases (NCDs) burden including hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders are on the rise.

-          Road traffic accidents are significant, while alcohol consumption and tobacco use are exceptionally high at 9.1% and 17.4% in 2015 and 2016 respectively.

-          Mortality attributed to household and ambient air pollution is at 99 per 100,000 of the population.

Poverty is still pervasive with 53.5% of the population living at less than USD 1.9 a day, however Nigeria has embarked on domestication of SDGs, with States endeavouring to localise action albeit with varying pace. SDG targets on maternal and child mortality will require augmented efforts although the creation of the Midwives Service Scheme to increase the proportion of skilled birth attendants, and development of the MNCH quality of care strategy are a major step.

The top 10 causes of death in Nigeria include:

1. Diarrheal Diseases

2. NTDs & Malaria

3. Neonatal Disorders

4. HIV/AIDS & TB

5. Cardiovascular Diseases

6. Neoplasms

7. Diabetes/Urological/Blood/Endocrine Disorders

8. Unintentional Injuries

9. Other Non-communicable Diseases

10. Nutritional Deficiencies

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- high income country with a gross national income of USD $54 530 per capita
- population of 5.686 million people
- life expectancy for males is 81.0 years and for females 85.5 years
- ranked 4th in the world for life expectancy
- 4 main ethnic groups: Chinese (75.9%), Malays (15.0%), Indians (7.5%) and other (1.6%)
- leading causes of death are cancer, heart disease and pneumonia
- common health problems include asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart problems

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Is your country low, middle, high income?
- Upper/middle income

Population of your country:
- > 2.352million

What is the life expectancy of your country?
- Women 72.38 years
- Men 66.49 years

What is the health status of your country? Demographic overview
1. Major causes of deaths – HIV, Lower respiratory infections, Ischemic heart disease
2. Main causes of DALYS – HIV, Major depressive disorder, Tuberculosis
3. Burden of disease – Alcohol use, high blood pressure, dietary risks

2 major concerns:
- Poverty
- Inequality

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- High income
- population: >126.7million
- life expectancy:
male: 84.95
female: 91.35
- health status
1. main causes of death are cancer, heart disease, pneumonia
2. main causes of DALYs are cancer, cv diseases, diabetes
3. the burden of disease will increase as a result of lifestyle diseases  and degenerative diseases
- 2 major concerns in Japan are
a) aging population

b) low birth rate

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Is your country low, middle, high income?
- Lower/middle income

Population of your country:
- > 164.7 million

What is the life expectancy of your country?
- Women 74.6 years
- Men 70.88 years

What is the health status of your country? Demographic overview
1. Major causes of deaths – cancer, lower respiratory infections, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
2. Main causes of DALYS – preterm birth complications, neonatal encephalopathy (birth trauma), lower back pain.
3. Burden of disease – tobacco smoking, household air pollution, dietary risks

2 major concerns:
- Large burden of disease (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, chronic respiratory disease, cancer)
- High infant mortality rate 23 per 1000, live births

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Population of Japan > 126.7 million
Life Expectancy - Males 85
- Females 91
Main causes of death
- Cancer
- Heat Disease
- Pnumonia
Main causes of DALYS
- Cancer
- CV diseases
- Diabetes
Burden of disease for Japan
- Increase as a result of Lifestyle and degenerative diseases
Two main concerns
- Ageing Population
- Low Birth Rate