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What does the building work reveal about Hatshepsut and her reign?

The tomb of one, Khnumhotep II, contains a scene showing Semitic Bedouin merchants in richly coloured garments entering Egypt. Speos Artemidos, a rock-cut shrine originally dedicated to the local lion-headed goddess Pakhet, built by Queen Hatshepsut and Thutmose III of the 18th dynasty, lies one mile south in an ancient quarry, with a smaller shrine of Alexander II nearby.

ThutmoseII also exists there. However, the name of her nephew Thutmose III also exists here Son of Thutmose II from a concubine of non-royal blood called Isis and at the same time she was her aunt "father's sister" and step mother as well than he married her daughter Nefru-re or Hatshepsut II. So, she also became his mother in law. After her death he took revenge from her, so he erased all her names and figures from her temple here as well as other places because of the suffering which he was subjected to during her life.

Relationship with Amun
The rock cut temple, founded in Speos Artemidos is noted for its rock cut tombs of the 11th and 12th Dynasty officials of the 16th upper Egyptian Nome, or province. The building work were important to further enhance her relationship with the Amun - Re cult. Hatshepsut was no exception she cultivated her religious agenda around the god Amun, she legitimised her reign through the divine birth. Hatshepsut claimed to have been the divine heir to the throne, as her father god Amun took to human form and impregnated her mother. Her building programs were important to further enhance her relationship with the Amun- Re cult. Through her buildings she reinforced her relationship with Amun, using it as propaganda to prove that she has the right to claim the throne.

- Sienna

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In ancient Egypt's long line of powerful queens and female rulers, Maatkare Hatshepsut stands out as the most successful of them all. She reigned for over 20 years, leading her people into an age of peace, stability, and prosperity. Unlike many of her predecessors and successors, there is little evidence of any major conflicts or military operations during Hatshepsut's rule. Instead of waging war, the king set out on a massive infrastructure campaign, building temples and erecting monuments across the land. One of the most fascinating aspects of the female pharaoh Maatkare Hatshepsut's reign (1479 - 1458 BCE) is the artwork she left behind. Art served an important purpose in Egyptian society; every statue, mural, and motif had a significant meaning. Pharaohs frequently used art as a way to disseminate information about themselves, a propaganda tool to justify their rule and emphasize their divine nature to the common people . Hatshepsut was no exception to this rule.

By commissioning statues depicting herself in traditionally male pharaonic poses, Maatkare Hatshepsut was trying to explain her unique situation of a woman occupying a man's job to the public in a simple, accessible way. However, the art from Hatshepsut's reign also suggests that the switch from depicting herself as fully feminine to fully masculine did not occur overnight. Elements of Hatshepsut's femininity remain evident in many of her artistic depictions, and evidence of her true gender is even observable in pieces where the king is portrayed as a man.

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What does the building reveal about Hatshepsut and her reign?
She was a powerful and significant leader as she filled a temple with her accomplishments.
What evidence is there about her relationship with Amun?
The Temple was built to commemorate the achievements of the great Queen Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty), and as a funerary Temple for her, as well as a sanctuary of the god, Amon Ra. She presented herself like Amon and wanted to legitimise her rule.

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Statues of Ramses II as Osiris in Karnak Temple

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When Hatshepsut’s successor, Thutmose III, came to the throne, he ordered the destruction of images of the female pharaoh and had her quartzite chapel destroyed and replaced with one of his own.

His legacy at Karnak was not all destructive as he ordered construction of the Ahkmenu, a pillared structure built on the east side of the central sanctuary.
With Hatshepsut's power, she renovated the main sanctuary at Karnak, creating in its place a “Palace of Ma'at.” She also created a chapel made of red quartzite to hold the god's portable bark.

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What evidence is there about her relationship with Amun?
She established her special relationship with Amun early on, possibly before taking the throne, in order to neutralise criticism of her reign on account of her gender.
Amun is featured prominently throughout her tomb, insinuating that Hatshepsut strategically wanted to be known as a powerful and authoritative leader.

What does the building reveal about Hatshepsut and her reign?
The walls of Hatshepsut's temple tell a lot about her reign and achievements. Hatshepsut declared herself king at some point in her reign. She became the first female king of Egypt, wearing the false beard of authority like other kings.

Her temple, Djeser Djeseru, or the ‘Sacred of Sacred Places’ was built in Deir el Bahri. Deir el Bahri was an Arabic name meaning ‘the place of the northern monastery’, where Montuhotep I, the great unifier of Egypt, built his mortuary temple. Hatshepsut wanted to show how similar she was to this great ruler, even with the location and architecture.

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Destruction caused to Hatshepsut' temple 

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Destruction caused to Hatshepsut' temple 

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The temple is certainly belonging to Hatshepsut but the name of her father Thutmose I is found there, together with brother and husband's name ThutmoseII also exists there. However, the name of her nephew Thutmose III also exists here Son of Thutmose II from a concubine of non-royal blood called Isis and at the same time she was her aunt "father's sister" and step mother as well than he married her daughter Nefru-re or Hatshepsut II. So, she also became his mother in law. After her death he took revenge from her, so he erased all her names and figures from her temple here as well as other places because of the suffering which he was subjected to during her life.
Secondly at the time of Akhenaton, the king's followers were trying to destroy all scenes and names of the god Amon from Thebes. But Ramses II tried to restore all destruction caused but obviously, it was not of the same perfect standard of art of Hatshepsut.