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http://ourenglishclass.net/class-notes/writing/the-writing-process/craft/tone-and-mood/

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The tone and mood words listed below are also available as a Word document. Tone and mood both deal with the emotions centered around a piece of writing. Though they seem similar and can in fact be...

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The series of related events in a story or play,
sometimes called the story line.

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Story Elements - Plot - Main Events - Literacy Short Clips

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The beginning of the story. It is where the characters and the setting is introduced.

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Rising action is the section of a story that leads toward its climax. Because of the increased tension as a book's central conflict (or conflicts) become clear, the rising action is often what keeps you turning the pages.

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The point at which the highest level of interest and emotional response is achieved in the story.

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Falling action refers to the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax. This portion of the narrative helps deflate the plot's tension and gives the character time to unwind after the emotional scene.

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The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the CLIMAX. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the CONFLICT is resolved.

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A setting (or backdrop) is the time and geographic location within a narrative, either non-fiction or fiction. It is a literary element. The setting initiates the main backdrop and mood for a story.

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A protagonist and antagonist are opposites – antonyms. The protagonists are generally the good guys (even it means that sometimes they are antiheroes) while antagonists are generally the bad guys.

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In literature, a conflict is a literary device characterized by a struggle between two opposing forces. Conflict provides crucial tension in any story and is used to drive the narrative forward.

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Story Elements - Conflict - Literacy Short Clips

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An internal conflict occurs when a character in literature experiences tension within themselves.

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External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control. External forces stand in the way of a character's motivations and create tension as the character tries to reach their goals.

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character conflict, also known as man vs. man conflict, involves two characters struggling against each other. The conflict can manifest in different ways, from a physical altercation to irreconcilable differences in morals or beliefs.

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Man vs. society is a type of conflict that is commonly used in fiction. The man vs. society conflict denotes a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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The man vs. nature conflict is when the protagonist, either alone or together with the other characters, is in direct opposition to the forces of nature. There is some event or situation in the natural world that is causing a problem.

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Man vs. technology is a type of literary conflict in which a character faces technology (such as a robot, a machine, or a mechanical failure) and must prevail against it.

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The theme of a story or poem will be explored through elements like characters, plot, settings, conflict, and even word choice and literary devices. Theme describes the central idea(s) that a piece of writing explores.

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Diction is the literary element that's all about word choice. The specific choice of words used helps determine the style in which the person is speaking or writing. Diction comes in handy when you're trying to show the reader a particular situation or encounter between characters.

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The word “syntax” comes from the Ancient Greek for “coordination” or “ordering together.” In spoken and written language, syntax refers to the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence. Along with diction, it is one of the key ways writers convey meaning in a text.

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Denotation is the literal dictionary definition of a word, without any emotional and/or implied meaning hidden beyond the literal. Denotation is best understood in contrast to its opposite, connotation, which is the implied meaning of a word based on context.

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Connotation vs. Denotation | Literature | Chegg Tutors

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Tone is a literary device that reflects the writer's attitude toward the subject matter or audience of a literary work. By conveying this attitude through tone, the writer creates a particular relationship with the reader that, in turn, influences the intention and meaning of the written words.

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Mood is the general feeling or atmosphere that a piece of writing creates within the reader. Mood is produced most effectively through the use of setting, theme, voice and tone. Tone can indicate the narrator's mood, but the overall mood comes from the totality of the written work, even in first-person narratives.

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What Is a Flashback in Literature? In fiction, a flashback is a scene that takes place before a story begins. Flashbacks interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past events in a character's life.

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Foreshadowing is a literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story. Foreshadowing is useful for creating suspense, a feeling of unease, a sense of curiosity, or a mark that things may not be as they seem. In the definition of foreshadowing, the word “hint” is key.

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parallelism, in rhetoric, component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording.

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Parallelism: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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What is Point of View? Point of view (POV) is what the character or narrator telling the story can see (his or her perspective). The author chooses “who” is to tell the story by determining the point of view. Depending on who the narrator is, he/she will be standing at one point and seeing the action.

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First person is from a single perspective, a personal one – where the narrator uses words like “I” and “me” and “my”. The world the writer has created is seen through the eyes of a single character, who narrates the story.

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Second person point of view utilizes the pronoun “you” to address the reader and bring them into the action of the story.

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Third-person objective point of view has a neutral narrator that is not privy to characters' thoughts or feelings. The narrator presents the story with an observational tone.

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The narrator relates only their own thoughts, feelings, and knowledge about various situations and the other characters.

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Omniscient is a literary technique of writing a narrative in third person, in which the narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story.

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A simile is a figure of speech and type of metaphor that compares two different things using the words “like” or “as.” The purpose of a simile is to help describe one thing by comparing it to another thing that is perhaps seemingly unrelated.

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A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike. An extended metaphor is a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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Personification is a poetic device where animals, plants or even inanimate objects, are given human qualities

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Hyperbole is a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.

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Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.

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Learn how to identify symbolism in literature, and incorporate it into your own writing. This lesson was created for my friends at learning bird. Check out more of their videos at http://www.learningbird.com

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oxymoron, a word or group of words that is self-contradicting, as in bittersweet or plastic glass. Oxymorons are similar to such other devices as paradox and antithesis and are often used in poetry and other literature.

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Oxymoron Purpose & Examples | What is an Oxymoron in Literature? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Explore oxymorons in literature. Learn the oxymoron literary definition and understand its main purpose. Discover interesting oxymoron examples in...

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A euphemism is the substitution of a less offensive or agreeable expression for an expression that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. Euphemisms are polite, indirect expressions. A euphemism is often used in writing or speech to avoid a more harsh or blunt term.

Ex: "You're Fired!!!"
"We are letting you go."

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Euphemism - How To Use Euphemism - Examples of Euphemism -  Euphemism Figure of Speech

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allusion, in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text. Most allusions are based on the assumption that there is a body of knowledge that is shared by the author and the reader and that therefore the reader will understand the author's referent.
Ex: He is real Romeo

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Assonance is a literary device in which the repetition of similar vowel sounds takes place in two or more words in proximity to each other within a line of poetry or prose. Assonance most often refers to the repetition of internal vowel sounds in words that do not end the same.
Ex: The tide rises, the tide falls

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound at the start of a series of words in succession whose purpose is to provide an audible pulse that gives a piece of writing a lulling, lyrical, and/or emotive effect.
Ex: She sells sea shells by the sea shore

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Poetic Devices: Alliteration - Examples & Meaning

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A cliché (klee-SHAY) is a scenario or expression that is used excessively, to the point that it is considered unoriginal. A cliché can refer to any aspect of a literary narrative—a specific phrase, scenario, genre, or character. The term has a negative connotation, as clichés are often associated with lazy writing.
Ex: Love is blind

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An idiom (ID-ee-uhm) is an expression with a figurative or metaphorical meaning that differs from its literal meaning. Put another way, idioms don't mean exactly what they say. The phrase turn over a new leaf has nothing to do with flipping leaves; it means starting over, adopting a new attitude or behavior.
EX: Its raining cats and dogs

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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A pun is a joke based on the interplay of homophones — words with the same pronunciation but different meanings. It can also play with words that sound similar, but not exactly the same. The joke’s humor (if any) comes from the confusion of the two meanings.
Ex:Eggcellent

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The definition of irony as a literary device is a situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality. For example, the difference between what something appears to mean versus its literal meaning. Irony is associated with both tragedy and humor.

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The definition of verbal irony is a statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent. The speaker says one thing, but they really mean another, resulting in an ironic clash between their intended meaning and their literal words.

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Situational irony takes place when the opposite of what is expected actually happens. It is a form of figurative language, which simply means it is a literary device that goes beyond the literal meaning of words.

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dramatic irony, a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.

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Characterization is the description of a character's physical traits (how a character looks), point of view, personality, private thoughts, and actions.

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Direct Characterization is when a writer conveys information about a character by telling the information directly to the reader. This is done through narration when the author comes right out and tells the reader things about the character.

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What Is Indirect Characterization? Indirect characterization is the process of describing a character through that character's thoughts, actions, speech, and dialogue. An author will use this type of characterization to guide the reader in making their own conclusions about a character.

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A static character is a type of character who remains largely the same throughout the course of the storyline. Their environment may change, but they retain the same personality and outlook as they had at the beginning of the story. It's common for secondary characters in stories to be static.

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A dynamic character is a character who undergoes significant internal change throughout the course of a story. The development of a dynamic character is often subtle and unstated and is not due to a change in the character's circumstances.

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A flat character is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivations, or personality. They also don't undergo any kind of change to make them more well-rounded. In other words, they're the opposite of a "round character," who has a fully fleshed out profile and changes throughout the story.

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A round character is a character that is well-developed in the story. The reader knows details about this character because they are important to the plot and to how this character's actions advance the plot. In other words, a round character is more complex, and like a real person, the character has depth and emotion.

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Rhetorical devices are literary elements used to convince or persuade audiences using logos, pathos, and ethos. Their appropriate use makes the text rich, lifelike and enjoyable in prose and poetry.

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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An argument that utilizes ethos stresses the speaker's trustworthiness, the moral virtue of their argument, and the good intentions towards their audience. According to Aristotle, effective rhetoric must demonstrate ethos through three elements: arete, eunoia, and phronesis.

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Pathos is an appeal made to an audience's emotions in order to evoke feeling. Pathos is one of the three primary modes of persuasion, along with logos and ethos. Pathos is a also a key component of literature which, like most other forms of art, is designed to inspire emotion from its readers.

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Logos is a Greek word meaning “logic.” Logos is a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic. In everyday life, arguments depend upon pathos and ethos besides logos.