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Plot is the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.

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Plot Mountain! | The Plot Diagram Song | Scratch Garden

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A literary device that introduces key background to the reader, for example a character's backstory or a setting's description.

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The rising action is the second of six essential plot elements, which come right after the opening of a story, otherwise known as the exposition.

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The climax or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama.

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The period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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The end of a story, it happens after the climax and falling actions.

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The place or type of surroundings where an event takes place.

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A protagonist is usually the main character and is the hero or good person of the story and they usually have a problem to solve. A antagonist is someone against the protagonist and usually stands in the way of a protagonist solving the problem.

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Its when a character wants something but something else gets in the way

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Internal conflict is when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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External conflict refers to the conflict between the main character and any external force.

Some examples of external conflict are:
-Man vs. man
two characters struggling against each other.
-Man vs. society
A story in which an individual chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.
-Man vs. nature
An external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature.
-Man vs. technology
A character faces technology (such as a robot, a machine, or a mechanical failure) and must prevail against it

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The main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a novel.

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A writer's or speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a or story.

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Diction: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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Syntax in literature defines the arrangement of words and sentences that are placed together.

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Denotation: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary.
Connotation: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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Denotation and Connotation | English | English 4-6 | Teacher Beth Class TV

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The mood implied by an author's word choice and the way that the text can make a reader feel.

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Understanding Tone and Mood in a Reading Passage - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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In literature, mood is the feeling you get while reading a story, and tone is the author’s attitude toward a subject. Learn more about how to...

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Mood is the atmosphere of the narrative. Mood is created by means of setting, attitude, and descriptions.

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A flashback interrupts a chronological sequence, the front line action or “present” line of the story, to show readers a scene that unfolded in the past.

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What is a flashback in a story? (Story Element #23)

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Foreshadowing is when a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

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Parallelism is a component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases that balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording.

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Parallelism: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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Point of view is the perspective from which an author tells a story.

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First person vs. Second person vs. Third person - Rebekah Bergman

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The narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

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Second person is a point of view that refers to a person or people being addressed by a writer or speaker.

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The narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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Focusing a third-person narration through the eyes of a single character.

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This is a common form of third-person narration in which the teller of the tale has no bias and has full knowledge of all characters and situations.

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A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that are often introduced by like or as.

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A metaphor is a figure of speech comparing two, unlike things often introduced by like or as.
An extended metaphor is a version of a metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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Personification occurs when a thing or abstraction is represented as a person.

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Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.

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A literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Symbolism?": A Literary Guide for English Teachers and Students

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An oxymoron is a figure of speech that juxtaposes concepts with opposing meanings within a word or phrase that creates an ostensible self-contradiction.

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English with Alex · engVid English Classes

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What is an oxymoron? Definition and 20 funny examples!

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A euphemism is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant.

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What's a Euphemism? - Mini English Lesson #24

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Allusion is a figure of speech, in which an object or circumstance from unrelated context is referred to covertly or indirectly.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Allusion?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Assonance is a resemblance in the sounds of words/syllables either between their vowels or between their consonants.

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What is Assonance? || Literary Device Lectures

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Alliteration is the conspicuous repetition of identical initial consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables within a group of words, often used as a literary device.

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Alliteration | Award Winning Alliteration Teaching Video | What is Alliteration?

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A cliché is an element of an artistic work, saying, or idea that has become overused to the point of losing its original meaning or effect.

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An idiom is a phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase; but some phrases become figurative idioms while retaining the literal meaning of the phrase.

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Learn English Idioms with TV Series & Movies | 10 Most Common English Idioms | Part 1

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A pun, also known as paronomasia, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.

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What is a pun? | Play on Words in English

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A situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Irony?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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A statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent.

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When the outcome is the opposite or completely different from what was expected.

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A literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.

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Characterization or characterisation is the representation of persons in narrative and dramatic works.

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The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like.

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A type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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A literary or dramatic character who undergoes little or no inner change.

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A type of character — usually the protagonist or hero — who undergoes major inner change over the course of a story.

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Two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.

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A round character is deep and layered character in a story.

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Rhetoric is the art of persuasion through communication.

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Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community.

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Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience and elicits feelings that already reside in them.

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A rhetorical device that includes any content in an argument that is meant to appeal to logic.