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purple fringing is the term for an unfocused purple or magenta "ghost" image on a photograph.

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is the conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, causing abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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Aliasing occurs when a signal is sampled at a less than twice the highest frequency present in the signal.

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JPEG artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format. Each time an image is saved in this format it is compressed and “non-essential” data is discarded.

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Barrel lens distortion is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles.

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distortion (as by an optical instrument or television receiver) in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis — compare barrel distortion.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format (36 mm × 24 mm).

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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Crop factor is the ratio of the 35mm full-frame diagonal to the diagonal of a smaller crop sensor.

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Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB).

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Cultural appropriation is the inappropriate or unacknowledged adoption of an element or elements of one culture or identity by members of another culture or identity. This can be controversial when members of a dominant culture appropriate from minority cultures

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In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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Commercial photography is a genre that encompasses any photos used for a business or publication. “It's photography that helps sell things

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Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videography.

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represents the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature.

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the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas).

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is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space, according to standards promulgated .

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is a style that produces very little depth and contrast where there are equal amounts of light on the subject and background.

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Clamshell lighting is when the photographer uses two frontal light sources to illuminate the subject, helping to minimize shadows and often giving a glowing effect.

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The lighting set up gives an effect of a badger shaped face.  The model was sat on a stool facing the camera lens.

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High-key lighting reduces the lighting ratio in the scene, meaning there’s less contrast between the darker tones and the brighter areas.

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low-key lighting has greater contrast between the dark and light areas of the image with a majority of the scene in shadow.

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also known as a melainotype or ferrotype, is a photograph made by creating a direct positive on a thin sheet of metal coated with a dark lacquer or enamel and used as the support for the photographic emulsion.

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A static shot in film is a shot that is devoid of camera movement. Also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot. The frame can be filled with the movement of vehicles, characters, props, weather, etc, but the frame itself does not move in a static shot.

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The visual weight in an image is defined as the visual force that appears due to the contrast of light among the visual elements that compound it. The visual weight is a visual force which prevails in the image balance.

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refers to the application of algorithms to a digital image file which convert the image information contained within the file into a viewable format on a viewing device.

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There are six ways an artist can create the illusion of space on a 2-Dimensional surface. Overlapping - occurs when objects that are closer to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them

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Chimping is a colloquial term used in digital photography to describe the habit of checking every photo on the camera display (LCD) immediately after capture.

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nifty fifty is a fast 50mm lens. The “nifty” part comes from a very wide aperture—under f/1.8. The “fifty” refers to the focal length. A fast 50mm lens is the closest you can get to the human eye.

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It's short for a photographer. A Street Tog is slang for a street photographer.

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Dust bunnies are small clumps of dust that form under furniture and in corners that are not cleaned regularly. They are made of hair, lint, flakes of dead skin, spider webs, dust, and sometimes light rubbish and debris and are held together by static electricity and felt-like entanglement.

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a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented.

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may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject.

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Connection of a mobile device with other devices can be done over wireless LAN, over Bluetooth or by physical connection using a cable, for example through USB.

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An infrared camera looks for low-frequency electromagnetic radiation felt as heat and transforms it into an image. It doesn't need light to be able to record images. It only needs heat.

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Combining two or more photos or images to create one new photo or image is defined as the process of making a composite.

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Lifestyle photography is an umbrella term for any style of photography that aims to portray people living their lives

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is a type of photography that involves exploring abandoned buildings and other man-made structures

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Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky.

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In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

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which stands for circular polarizer/linear – is a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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Chromatic aberration, also known as color fringing, is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph.

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A mirrorless camera is a photo camera featuring a single, removable lens and a digital display. The camera does not have a reflex mirror or optical viewfinder like a digital single-lens reflex camera, but may have an electronic viewfinder.

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A watermark is an identifying image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light, caused by thickness or density variations in the paper. Watermarks have been used on postage stamps, currency, and other government documents to discourage counterfeiting.

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the process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge, typically accompanied by interference between the wave forms produced.

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IPS monitors deliver ultra-wide 178-degree vertical and horizontal viewing angles. Graphic designers, CAD engineers, pro photographers, and video editors will benefit from using an IPS monitor. Many value the color benefits of IPS monitors and tech advances have improved IPS panel speed, contrast, and resolution.

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Anamorphic lenses are specialty tools which affect how images get projected onto the camera sensor. They were primarily created so that a wider range of aspect ratios could fit within a standard film frame, but since then, cinematographers have become accustomed to their unique look.

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ATGNI. This acronym means All The Gear, No Idea. It refers to people who are constantly upgrading their equipment to the latest camera bodies, lenses, and tripods, yet have no idea how to properly use any of them.

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gradation is the technique of gradually transitioning from one hue to another, or from one shade to another, or one texture to another. Space, distance, atmosphere, volume, and curved or rounded forms are some of the visual effects created with gradation.

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Focus stacking is a technique designed to achieve a deep depth of field by blending (or stacking) several images together.

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The Sunny f16 rule states that, on sunny days, at an aperture of f/16, your shutter speed is the inverse of your ISO value. This means that if you are at, say, aperture f/16 and ISO 100, your shutter speed should be 1/100 seconds. This is one of the easiest photography rules to remember.

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The term alternative process refers to any non-traditional or non-commercial photographic printing process.

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The Decisive Moment is a monograph of Cartier-Bresson's best work, but it has overriding unifying factors that elevate it into a great photobook.

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It means to set your camera in a fast burst mode, shooting several photos per.

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A toy camera is a simple, inexpensive film camera. The original Diana camera was made in Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1970s.

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The style typically features apparently banal everyday subject matter and off-centered framing. Subject matter is often presented without apparent link from image-to-image and relying instead on juxtaposition and disjunction between individual photographs.

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The Sabatier effect, also known as pseudo-solarization and erroneously referred to as the Sabattier effect, is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially reversed in tone.

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The international movement known as Pictorialism represented both a photographic aesthetic and a set of principles about photography's role as art. Pictorialists believed that photography should be understood as a vehicle for personal expression on par with the other fine arts.

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Femto-photography is a technique for recording the propagation of ultrashort pulses of light through a scene at a very high speed.

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often used to refer to the art of taking photos with analog cameras marketed by The Lomographic Society International, the word is being increasingly used to describe any photography that uses cheap and quirky cameras.

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an incident meter (sometimes called a bulb-meter) works by reading the intensity of the light that falls onto the subject, as opposed to reading the light reflected off of the subject as the reflective meter does. Usually, you take the reading from the position of the subject.

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Reflective metering measures the amount of light hitting the subject and bouncing back to the meter

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Push processing in photography, sometimes called uprating, refers to a film developing technique that increases the effective sensitivity of the film being processed.

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The pushing or pulling process involves shooting and developing film at a different ISO than what the film is rated for. Let's say you want to push your 400 ISO film 1 stop (+1), set your camera to 800 ISO, and shoot/meter the whole roll as 800 ISO

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circular polarizer is designed to do one thing: remove or control reflections from surfaces like water, glass, paint, leaves, sky, buildings, streets, and the list goes on. When light hits those surfaces they create glare that increases highlights, reduces color and detail.

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Combination printing is the photographic technique of using the negatives of two or more images in conjunction with one another to create a single image.

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Contre-jour, or “against daylight”, is a photography technique which requires you to point your camera towards a source of light, like the sun.

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Duotone (sometimes also known as Duplex) is a halftone reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting color halftone over another color halftone. This is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image.

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The Giclee printing process provides higher image detail than traditional photographic printing. Using seven dye-based inks

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Barn doors are typically used in the photography studio with hard light sources like strobes. The leaves are attached to strobes and the photographer then adjusts the pivoting of the leaves to adjust lighting. Barn doors allow for very confined flashlight strips or areas, and flash feathering.

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In photography, stopping down refers to increasing the numerical f-stop number (for example, going from f/2 to f/4), which decreases the size (diameter) of the aperture of a lens, resulting in reducing the amount of light entering the iris of a lens.

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F-stop: The size of the aperture opening, also known as the f-number. A small f-number means the aperture is open more. A larger f-number means it's open less. For example, f/1 lets in much more light than f/6.

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Social documentary photography or concerned photography is the recording of what the world looks like, with a social and/or environmental focus. It is a form of documentary photography, with the aim to draw the public's attention to ongoing social issues.

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The Scheimpflug principle is a description of the geometric relationship between the orientation of the plane of focus, the lens plane, and the image plane of an optical system (such as a camera) when the lens plane is not parallel to the image plane.