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The Yellow River also called Huang He is in Northern China, east-central, and eastern Asia. It’s the country’s second-longest river (1). It is called the yellow river because it is because the waters carry silt, which gives the yellowish-brown color. When the river overflows it leaves a yellow residue behind. (2)

The yellow river has three different parts of the river the upper course, the middle course across the plateau, and the lower course across the lower plain (2)

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with a length of 3,395 miles (1)

The drainage basin is the third largest in China, with an area of 290,000 miles. (1)

Current precipitation 450 mm of rainfall per year (2)

Future precipitation increases at an average rate of 2.27 mm per decade. (2)

Water quality issues 33.8% of the river’s water is worse than level 5 which means not safe to drink aquaculture or industrial use and even agriculture. It has rapidly gotten worse from discharge from factories increase and water level drop because of booming cities. But in 2018 compared from 2015 the water quality has improved 5.2% (3)

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Agricultural water in the yellow river basin accounts for more than 70% of the total human consumption. But Yellow River is a huge water source in Northwest and North China regions. (3)

Threats to water security: “environmental management in rivers that drain from the plateau directly impact social and economic development of 1/5 of the world’s population” (4)

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there are some complex difficulty's in this watershed such as the diagram above

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fish data in the yellow river from 1965 to 2015 has had a temporal change in species it has been found in an increase of nonendemic species and fewer natives. Fish species richness of the river has declined 35.4% over the last 50 years (5) the river used to host 150 species of fish but 1/3 of them are now extinct. Fishing has also dropped falling 40% from an annual average of 700 tonnes in the past (7)

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there are small populations of various species in higher reaches of the river such as some rare species such as; Chiru (Tibetan antelope), wild yak, musk deer, and sikas in the lower basin. There are multiple species in the river also, including Chinese paddlefish, and scaleless carp. Bird species including scaly-sided mergansers and rare, red-crowned cranes which both of those species are endangered from loss of habitat (9)

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ecosystem services: food production in gardens

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ecosystem services: food production in gardens

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there are small populations of various species in higher reaches of the river such as some rare species such as; Chiru(Tibetan antelope), wild yak, musk deer, and sikas in the lower basin. There are multiple species in the river also, including Chinese paddlefish, and scaleless carp. Bird species including scaly-sided mergansers and rare, red-crowned cranes which both of those species are endangered from loss of habitat (9)

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Hydroelectric dams in the yellow river there are 20 major dams on the yellow river and another 18 scheduled to be built by 2030. Hydropower in China is potentially the largest in the world 16% of all of China’s energy source comes from hydroelectric dams. The yellow river dam will protect 120 million people from river floodings. 30% more water available. But there are not always pluses in dams about 170,000 people who live in the yellow river basin have to be resettled to higher ground (11)

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1/3 of the Chinas river is unusable. Which is it known as the “mother river” that supplies millions of people with water, but pollution was caused by deteriorated due to factory discharges and sewage from fast expanding (8)

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Today, the basin accounts for only 2% of the country’s total water but 26.5%  of the national gross domestic product. It is vital for socio-economic development the people in the river basin depend directly on these water resources as a basis for their livelihoods, food production, hydropower, industry, and domestic supply. (6)

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soil erosion by about 40% In the basin. Water-related disasters are another major issue in the basin. July 2021 floods in Henan province which sits on the course of the yellow river have a record-breaking rainfall of 24 hours. (6) Is was equivalent to the annual average. The temperature in the basin increases faster than the global average. (6) Extreme events such as droughts, and severe floods could be more frequent in the areas around the yellow river. In future years Climate could cause extreme weather events that could threaten agriculture and animal husbandry. That could put risk on rural and urban livelihoods. (6)

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there are four policy actions that can achieve that can help ecological sustainability and economic growth;
1) nature-based solutions such as using constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and embankments to mitigate flood risks.
2) applying the gross ecosystem product (GEP) which is an accounting mechanism for valuing and pricing ecosystem goods and services.
3) using governance and financing incentive mechanisms, which economization and water funds, can expand natural capital investments by generating ecological benefits and economies of scale.
4) integrating environment, social, and governance criteria into lending and investment decisions which can increase private capital injections into projects to protect natural resources.
(6 all of this category is 6)

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Yellow-River (1)

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/huang-he-valley (2)

https://www.chinawaterrisk.org/opinions/greening-the-yellow-river-for-a-beautiful-china/ (3)

https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/improving-the-health-of-chinas-upper-yellow-river/ (4)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5916296/ (5)

https://blogs.adb.org/blog/protecting-yellow-river-basin-people-s-republic-china (6)

https://chinadialogue.net/en/uncategorized/704-third-of-fish-species-lost-in-china-s-yellow-river/ (7)

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/nov/25/water-china (8)

https://www.britannica.com/place/Yellow-River/Plant-and-animal-life (9)

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/7723571 (10)

https://factsanddetails.com/china/cat13/sub85/item323.html (11)