# data[].attributes.body
Who:

Activists - Florence Kelley

Researchers - Harvey W. Wiley

President - Theodore Roosevelt

Other groups - farmers, food processors, state officials, physicians, women’s club members, national health professional organizations

What: A law prohibiting the sale of harmful, mislabeled, or adulterated food and drugs.

When: 1911

Where: Chicago NY

Cause:

Unsanitary food production → reports of unsanitary condition in meatpacking, exposed the use of spoiled meat, rat poison and other contaminants

Adulteration of food and drugs → manufacturers often used harmful preservatives such as dyes

Misleading drug claims →Patent medicines and other drugs were often marked with false claim

Lack of regulation →at the time no federal laws regulation the production or sale of food and drugs

Effect:

Required truthful labeling of food and drugs

Set standards for purity and strength

Prohibited the sale of food that contained certain dangerous ingredients, including morphine, cocaine, and cannabis

Game the federal government the power to seize misbranded or adulterated food

# data[].attributes.body
Who:

Upton Sinclair - exposed the industry

President - Theodore Roosevelt

Congress

What: Law that established federal regulation for the inspection and processing of meat and livestock.

When: 1906

Where: Chicago NY

Cause:

Upton Sinclair wrote a novel called the Jungle → exposing poor working condition and unsanitary practices

Public outcry → the book caused public furor leading to calls for federal regulation of the meatpacking industry

Legislation →Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana introduced legislation

President sponsored the Neill-Reynolds report confirming Sinclairs charges

Effect:

Stricter Sanitation requirements →Meatpacking plants were required to maintain clean facilities and follow hygienic practices during slaughter and processing

Pre and post slaughter inspection →USDA inspectors were authorized to examine animals before and after slaughter identify diseased meat

Labeling regulations → meat productions had to be accurately labeled with information about their contents origin

Federal oversight →USDA gained the power to monitor and regulate the meatpacking industry

# data[].attributes.body
Who: Temperance movement, churches.

What: The act made the transport, manufacture, and sale of alcohol illegal.

Cause: Many people, like those in the temperance movement, wanted reforms to prevent violence, disorder, and alcoholism that comes from drinking. There was also pressure by churches who thought it led to corruption and violence. They also felt that it would reduce health problems with Americans.

Effect: Led to much public outrage because everyone loves alcohol. Speakeasies popped up around the country which were hidden bars for people that did not want to follow the laws. Bootleggers would smuggle alcohol over the border and bring it into the country. People also resorted to brewing alcohol at home. It was repealed.

# data[].attributes.body
Who National American Women’s Suffrage Association

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Carrie Chapman Catt

Congressional union- alice paul

What gives women the right to vote in all elections

cause: Women wanted the right to vote as black people were given the opportunity to vote, this would only be available to men only black or white but women wouldn't have the option to

effect: There would be an increase in democracy and many protests would be made in order to give the women the opportunity to vote

# data[].attributes.headline
Booker T Washington Education of African Americans

# data[].attributes.subject
Booker T Washington Education of African Americans

# data[].attributes.body
Who:  An african american educator and played a key role in education for African Americans

What: Booker T Washington advocated for African Americans to get economic independence

Where:  Southern United States in Alabama but his ideas were nationwide

When: in 1881

Cause: African Americans faced poverty, discrimination, and lack of education after the Civil War.

Effect: It expanded educational opportunities for black Americans in post civil war america.

# data[].attributes.body
Who:

Senator Joseph L Bristow proposed the idea of the 17th amendment, and congress

What:

People in the senate were corrupt, they wanted to stop it, they also wanted to make it more democratic

Effect: Became more democratic, it allowed the states to choose the senate, and it increased federal power.

# data[].attributes.body
Who: President William Howard Taft created on the department of labor just hours before President Woodrow Wilson took office.

What: The department of labor enforces State labor laws, minimum wages, maximum hours a person can work, employment of minors and law pertaining to minors, maternity leave and Officials working in the department of labor investigate any and all complaints that could violate labor laws.

The Cause: The formation of the department of labor was the unfair, dangerous conditions of workplaces that most people had to work in, also the uncalled for cuts in wages that many works had to face.

The Effect: Regulated working conditions as well as regulated working hours, creating laws protecting workers and minors in the working place and kept a standard minimum wage to help support the working class and prevent companies taking advantage of the working class.

# data[].attributes.body
Who - women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul

What - Women couldn't vote, hold office or be on juries and men controlled all property and income they regulated to running the household Few, if any, colleges wouldn't let women in

Where - mostly west, but also towards the middle of America

When - late 1800s to early 1900s

Cause:

Women were paid less for same work, couldn’t get upper level jobs

Denied citizenship

Effect:

19th Amendment (1920) gives women the right to vote in all elections

Another increase in democracy!!!

Protests and hunger strikes in prison

# data[].attributes.body
Who: Edward Keating, Robert Latham Owen, Alexander McKelway, the children, and National Child Labor Committee

What: A statute enabled by the US Congress aiming to reduce child labor.

Cause: Social reformers condemned child labor because of the terrible effects they had on the physical and mental health of the children.

Effect: It was the first law to set restrictions on child labor laws. Age limits were put in place for children who worked in factories, mines, and stores, as well as restricting the amount of time they were allowed to work.

# data[].attributes.body
Who: Jane Addams

What: An activist who founded the Hull House and helped immigrants and the poor assimilate while helping with housing and jobs a well as basic hygiene and needed skills.

Where: Chicago

When: 1889

Cause:

Settlement Houses

Education

Clean up Cities

Effect:

Settlement houses in all major cities

Parks and playgrounds in major cities

# data[].attributes.body
Who - the congress

What - Rates were very low, 2-5%

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Cause: The ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment was the direct consequence of the Court's 1895 decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. holding unconstitutional Congress's attempt of the previous year to tax incomes uniformly throughout the United States.The ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment was the direct consequence of the Court's 1895 decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. holding unconstitutional Congress's attempt of the previous year to tax incomes uniformly throughout the United States.

Effect: It grants Congress the authority to issue an income tax without having to determine it based on population.