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Dear P-3 students,

The review test is approaching, so now is the time to prepare. In this review test, you will have an oral presentation where you will express your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans. Here are the questions that will be asked during the oral test:

1. The definition about that.

2. What is your opinion about the environmental changes caused by humans? Especially these cases?

3. Do those changes have any effects? Why?

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What is the connection and how does it work?

Students will randomly choose one of the following topics to discuss:

Illegal poaching

Illegal logging

Illegal fishing

Deforestation

Illegal large-scale mining

Extensive fishing

Feel free to explore the discussions in the paddlet for your studying! If you’d like, you're welcome to add your thoughts and share any additional resources you find helpful. Just remember to be respectful while using the paddlet. Wishing you all the best as you prepare for the review test.

You've got this! Good luck!

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1. What is illegal poaching?

Poaching is the illegal hunting or capture of animals that are not one’s own. In many cases, poaching involves killing animals with the intent to acquire their meat, horns, scales, or other body parts. In other cases, poaching involves the live capture of animals, which are then trafficked for the illegal exotic pet trade, for use in entertainment or tourism, and for other exploitative purposes such as the extraction of bile from bears.

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases?

It's very bad because people killed animals to acquire their meat, horns, scales and many more. we can't kill others even animals because we all live in one world, we need to respect and friendly to everyone, even animals.

noura

1. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

Illegal poaching harms wildlife, disrupts ecosystems, and fuels crime. It also causes economic losses and health risks.

2. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?Human activities like poaching and habitat loss harm endangered species. These actions reduce their populations and survival rates.

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1. What is illegal logging?

Illegal logging is simply when people cut down, move, or sell trees without following the rules, like stealing them from the forest. This can mean cutting trees in protected areas, taking too many, or cutting down special kinds of trees, all of which hurt the environment by destroying animal homes, making the ground sick, and even changing the weather.

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases?

As a student, I believe that we have the potential to change and to save the world for the better yet nobody tries to take the lead that's why we tend to contribute more in the destruction of mother earth when in fact we can make it a better place to live in. Illegal logging should be stopped because it's one of the factors that help destroy the world.

It causes floods for the water's going to stay longer in land, it causes landslides and mudslides especially in forests and steep mountains because there are no more trees that are going to hold the land, and it causes climate change because of carbon dioxide and here enters the concept of carbon dioxide-oxygen in plants. Let everyone be aware how bad illegal logging is and let's lend a hand together and have unity to change and beautify the world.

3. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

Imagine someone stealing money from a bank and hurting the bank's customers. That's kind of what illegal logging does to forests. It steals valuable trees, which means governments and local people lose money they should get. It also messes up the forest's health, making it harder for trees and animals to live there. Big companies buying wood from illegal sources makes the problem even worse, like buying stolen goods. In places like Indonesia, a lot of the wood used to come from illegal logging, which is a huge problem.

Even though illegal logging isn't as bad as it used to be, it still hurts the forest. People often steal the biggest and most important trees, like taking the strongest players off a team. This makes it hard for the forest to grow back properly and hurts animals like orangutans that need those trees for homes. When loggers go deep into the forest, they build roads and canals that let hunters come in and hurt even more animals. This all makes the forest less safe and healthy for everyone.

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?

The most direct impact is the destruction of habitats. Many endangered species rely on forests for their survival, and illegal logging removes these vital ecosystems.

Illegal logging often fragments forests, creating smaller, isolated patches. This makes it harder for animals to move, find food, and reproduce, and it increases their vulnerability to predators and other threats.

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1. What is illegal fishing?

Illegal fishing is defined as a fishing activity that is carried out by foreign persons or vessels in the jurisdictional waters of a country without permission from that country, or in conflict with applicable laws and regulations ; in conflict with national regulations and/or obligations.

illegal fishing is basically when people take fish in ways that are unfair and can hurt the ocean and all the animals living in it. It's important to follow the rules so there are always enough fish for everyone!

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases?

Illegal fishing often disregards sustainability, leading to overfishing, habitat destruction, and bycatch of unintended species, including endangered ones. This disrupts the delicate balance of marine ecosystems and threatens the long-term health of our oceans.

Illegal fishing is a harmful practice that needs to be combated through stricter regulations, enhanced surveillance and enforcement, and international cooperation. It's crucial to protect our oceans and ensure sustainable fishing practices for the well-being of both the environment and the people who depend on it.

3. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

In general, illegal fishing activities that occur in Indonesian waters include:

Fishing without a permit;

Fishing using a fake permit;

Fishing using prohibited fishing gear; and

Fishing with species that do not comply with the permit.

Illegal fishing constitutes a violation of the law, its impact is not only damaging to the people and state, but also disturbing the stability of security at seas and it also constitutes potential conflicts between Indonesia and other countries.

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?

Some illegal fishing practices, such as bottom trawling, devastate seafloor habitats like coral reefs and seagrass beds. These habitats are crucial for the survival of many endangered species, providing them with food, shelter, and breeding grounds.

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1. What is extensive fishing? (Danzel)

Extensive fishing involves using large nets to catch as many fish as possible at once, often including undersized or unintended catches, in an effort to maximize the haul quickly.

The goal of extensive fishing is to quickly gather a large number of fish using big nets, which can unfortunately lead to catching fish that are not mature or should not be harvested.

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases? (Queen)

Extensive fishing practices often lead to overfishing, where fish are caught faster than they can reproduce. This depletes fish stocks, threatening the long-term viability of fisheries and disrupting marine food webs.

Large-scale fishing operations frequently capture non-target species, known as bycatch. This includes marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds, which are often injured or killed.

3. Do these changes have any effects? Why? (Queen)

When large quantities of a specific fish species are removed from an ecosystem, it can cause an imbalance in the food chain. This can lead to increases in populations of other species, or the collapse of other populations, that relied on the removed fish species for food.

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work? (Danzel)

Extensive fishing often involves using large nets or other gear that catch everything in their path, not just the targeted fish. This is called "bycatch." Endangered species like sea turtles, dolphins, sharks, and even some seabirds can get caught in these nets and die.

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Illegal large-scale mining (Jovan & Micho)

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Illegal large-scale mining (Jovan & Micho)

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1. What is illegal large-scale mining?

Illegal mining is the extraction of minerals without the required permits, land rights, or licenses. It can take place in protected areas, on abandoned mines, or on active mining sites. Illegal mining is often associated with criminal activities, such as human trafficking, money laundering, and terrorism financing.

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases?

Environmental changes represent a critical challenge facing our planet today. The consequences of climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss are increasingly evident globally, demanding immediate and sustained attention.

Our planet is getting warmer really fast, and a lot of it is because of things people do, like burning gas and cutting down forests. This is making the Earth hotter, melting ice, and causing big storms. Because of this, animals' homes are being ruined, it's harder to grow food, and people can get sick.

3. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

Climate change and extreme weather:

Effects: rising global temperatures lead to more extreme weather patterns, including stronger storms, longer droughts, and heavier rainfall in some areas. This can cause floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and heatwaves.

Why: Increased greenhouse gas emissions from activities like burning fossil fuels trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise. This disruption of weather patterns can damage infrastructure, displace people, and strain resources like water and food.

Rising Sea Levels

Effect: Melting ice caps and glaciers, combined with the thermal expansion of seawater, are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal cities, communities, and infrastructure.

Why: The increase in global temperatures causes polar ice to melt and water to expand, both of which contribute to rising sea levels. Low-lying areas like islands or coastal cities are at risk of being submerged, displacing millions of people.

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?

Mining operations, especially large-scale ones, require clearing vast areas of land. This destroys the natural habitats of numerous species, including endangered ones. Forests, grasslands, and other ecosystems are replaced with mines, roads, and processing facilities.

Mining activities release various pollutants into the environment, including heavy metals and toxic chemicals. These pollutants can contaminate water sources, soil, and air, harming or killing endangered species and disrupting their food chains.

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1. What is deforestation?

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

2. What are your opinions on environmental changes caused by humans? Especially in these cases?

I believe human-caused environmental changes are a serious and pressing issue, and deforestation is a particularly devastating example.

Forests are home to an incredible variety of life, and deforestation destroys habitats, leading to the loss of countless species. This disrupts ecosystems and weakens the natural world's ability to provide essential services like clean air and water.

Forests play a crucial role in regulating the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. Deforestation releases this stored carbon, contributing to global warming and its associated impacts, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and changes in agricultural patterns.

3. Do these changes have any effects? Why?

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people. Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons.

4. Are these human activities related to endangered species? What's the connection, and how does it work?

The main effect of deforestation on animals and plants is the loss of their habitat. Many factors related to cutting down trees contribute to driving species to extinction. Through land erosion, the soil is depleted of its nutrients, a huge source of nourishment for animals and plants.

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In general, illegal fishing activities that occur in Indonesian waters include: 1. Fishing without a permit; 2. Fishing using a fake permit; 3. Fishing using prohibited fishing gear; and 4. Fishing with species that do not comply with the permit.

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Illegal mining is the extraction of minerals without the required permits, land rights, or licenses. It can take place in protected areas, on abandoned mines, or on active mining sites. Illegal mining is often associated with criminal activities, such as human trafficking, money laundering, and terrorism financing. 

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Illegal mining is the extraction of minerals without the required permits, land rights, or licenses. It can take place in protected areas, on abandoned mines, or on active mining sites. Illegal mining is often associated with criminal activities, such as human trafficking, money laundering, and terrorism financing. 

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Environmental changes are one of the most pressing issues we face today. The impact of climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss is evident in many parts of the world, and it's clear that immediate and sustained action is needed to address these challenges.

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Environmental changes are one of the most pressing issues we face today. The impact of climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss is evident in many parts of the world, and it's clear that immediate and sustained action is needed to address these challenges.

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One of the key concerns is the acceleration of climate change, which is largely driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels, industrial agriculture, and deforestation. Rising global temperatures, melting ice caps, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels are all consequences of these changes. These shifts threaten ecosystems, food security, and human health, and they disproportionately affect vulnerable communities.

On the flip side, there's a lot of innovation happening in response to these issues—renewable energy technologies, sustainable agriculture practices, and efforts to conserve biodiversity are making a positive difference. The growing global awareness about the environment is helping to drive policy changes, as well as individual and corporate responsibility toward sustainability.

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extensive fish means farming where limited external inputs are supplied such as feeds, additives, health care products etc., therefore it minimizes input costs and thus it implies less production costs

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extensive fish means farming where limited external inputs are supplied such as feeds, additives, health care products etc., therefore it minimizes input costs and thus it implies less production costs

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Illegal fishing is defined as a fishing activity that : is carried out by foreign persons or vessels in the jurisdictional waters of a country without permission from that country, or in conflict with applicable laws and regulations ; in conflict with national regulations and/or obligations.

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Illegal fishing is a key driver of global overfishing, it threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime.

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Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. Illegal logging is a driving force for a number of environmental issues such as deforestation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss which can drive larger-scale environmental crises such as climate change and other forms of environmental degradation.

Illegality may also occur during transport, such as illegal processing and export (through fraudulent declaration to customs); the avoidance of taxes and other charges, and fraudulent certification.[1] These acts are often referred to as "wood laundering".[2]

Illegal logging is driven by a number of economic forces, such as demand for raw materials, land grabbing and demand for pasture for cattle. Regulation and prevention can happen at both the supply side, with better enforcement of environmental protections, and at the demand side, such as an increasing regulation of trade as part of the international lumber industry.

2. As a student, I believe that we have the potential to change and to save the world for the better yet nobody tries to take the lead that's why we tend to contribute more in the destruction of mother earth when in fact we can make it a better place to live in. Illegal logging should be stopped because it's one of the factors that help destroy the world. It causes floods for the water's going to stay longer in land, it causes landslides and mudslides especially in forests and steep mountains because there are no more trees that are going to hold the land, and it causes climate change because of carbon dioxide and here enters the concept of carbon dioxide-oxygen in plants. Let everyone be aware how bad illegal logging is and let's lend a hand together and have unity to change and beautify the world.

3. Illegal logging negatively impacts the economic and ecological systems of optimal forest management. According to the text of the 1998 G-8 meeting held in Birmingham on forest management, “illegal logging robs national and sub-national governments, forest owners and local communities of significant revenues and benefits, damages forest ecosystems, distorts timber markets and forest resource assessments and acts as a disincentive to sustainable forest management. International trade in illegally harvested timber including transfer pricing, under invoicing and other illegal practices, exacerbates the problem of illegal logging.” The magnitude of illegal logging is significant. Research indicates that in the recent past over 70 per cent of timber processed in Indonesia came from illegal sources.

Illegal logging is not as prevalent as it was during the 1980s and 90s although it still occurs. Illegal logging generally focuses on high-value species and results in a selective clearing of certain species. These are often large, long lived, seed producing trees. As a result of this selective illegal logging certain endemic species are depleted from forests. This is now the case in most of Kalimantan’s remaining forests. This loss of certain structural, habitat, and seed source elements leave forests less stable and productive. Although these species may not be fruit or food producing sources for orangutans they are important as nest trees and provide linkages within the upper canopy where orangutans move.

Other results of illegal logging involve the intrusion into the forest caused by loggers. Often canals and trails are cut to allow foot and boat access deep into the forest. Canals result in lowered water levels and increased human access into forests increase incidents of illegal hunting and other destruction of habitat.

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Illegal fishing is a key driver of global overfishing, it threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime.

The global supply chain is complex and weakly regulated and illegal fish can penetrate the supply chains quite easily. Once intermingled, illegal products are very difficult to detect. And, the US is a huge, lucrative market which is often the destination for illegal fish.

Given its generally concealed nature, it is difficult to quantify, but the current estimates suggest the global losses of illegal fishing cost up to $36.4 billion each year.

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Illegal fishing constitutes a violation of the law, its impact is not only damaging to the people and state, but also disturbing the stability of security at seas and it also constitutes potential conflicts between Indonesia and other countries.

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so, if you want to know about Illegal Poaching, it's killling animals, hurt animals, acquire their meat, horns, scales, and other body parts. they also do illegal exotic pet trade, for tourism and in big places. my opinion about this poaching is very very bad. we live in a world and we cannot kill each other. So, never ever ever do illegal poaching. because everyone have chance to live in this world... Thanks for not doing illegal poaching.

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Effect: Rising global temperatures lead to more extreme weather patterns, including stronger storms, longer droughts, and heavier rainfall in some areas. This can cause floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and heatwaves.

Why: Increased greenhouse gas emissions from activities like burning fossil fuels trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise. This disruption of weather patterns can damage infrastructure, displace people, and strain resources like water and food.

2. Loss of Biodiversity

Effect: Deforestation, pollution, and climate change lead to habitat loss, endangering species and causing a decrease in biodiversity. This can disrupt ecosystems, affecting everything from pollination to food chains.

Why: Many species are highly specialized and adapted to specific environmental conditions. When these conditions change rapidly—whether due to habitat loss, changing temperatures, or pollution—many species cannot adapt quickly enough to survive. This can lead to extinction and a breakdown of the services ecosystems provide, such as clean water or air.

3. Rising Sea Levels

Effect: Melting ice caps and glaciers, combined with the thermal expansion of seawater, are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal cities, communities, and infrastructure.

Why: The increase in global temperatures causes polar ice to melt and water to expand, both of which contribute to rising sea levels. Low-lying areas like islands or coastal cities are at risk of being submerged, displacing millions of people.

4. Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security

Effect: Changing rainfall patterns, longer droughts, and extreme weather events affect crop yields, making food production less predictable and sometimes decreasing food availability.

Why: Many agricultural systems depend on stable weather patterns. When temperatures rise or rainfall becomes erratic, crops can fail, leading to food shortages and increased prices. This can create a ripple effect, causing social and economic instability, especially in regions already vulnerable to poverty.

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1.What is the definition of deforestation?

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

2.What is deforestation and its effects on?

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people. Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons.

3.What are the effects of the deforestation?

The main effect of deforestation on animals and plants is the loss of their habitat. Many factors related to cutting down trees contribute to driving species to extinction. Through land erosion, the soil is depleted of its nutrients, a huge source of nourishment for animals and plants.

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Are Illegal large-scale mining Related to endangered species?

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Are Illegal large-scale mining Related to endangered species?

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Yes. Illegal large-scale mining is related to endangered species because of

Water Pollution : Because of the mining, some toxic chemicals polluted the some source of water there that they use to drink.

Habitat Lost : Large-scale mining used BIG area of land. So some species lost their home.

Less Food Source : Because of the big area of land some land for food sources was destroyed too so some species do not have foods to eat.

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In Indonesia, illegal mining is an illegal act and can be subject to severe criminal penalties. The penalties for illegal mining depend on the laws violated, especially those related to natural resources and environmental protection. Based on **Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining**, a person who carries out mining without a permit or illegally can be subject to imprisonment and a fine. For perpetrators of illegal mining, the penalties can be: 1. **Imprisonment**: Can be subject to imprisonment of up to **5 years**. 2. **Fine**: The fine can reach **IDR 100 billion**, depending on the severity and losses caused by the illegal mining activity. In addition, if illegal mining is carried out in a protected area or damages the environment, the penalties can be even more severe. The government can also impose administrative sanctions and environmental restoration measures to address the negative impacts caused. Overall, the penalties for perpetrators of illegal mining vary widely and can involve a combination of imprisonment and large fines.

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Yes, illegal logging is directly related to endangered species because when forests are cleared through illegal logging, it destroys the habitats of many animals, including endangered species, leaving them with nowhere to live and pushing them closer to extinction; essentially, the loss of habitat due to illegal logging is a major threat to endangered wildlife populations.

How it works:

Habitat destruction:

When large areas of forest are logged illegally, the entire ecosystem is disrupted, destroying the trees, plants, and other features that endangered species rely on for survival, like food sources, shelter, and breeding grounds.

Fragmentation:

Even if only parts of a forest are logged, the remaining areas can become fragmented, isolating populations of endangered species and making it harder for them to move around and access necessary resources.

Increased human-wildlife conflict:

Logging operations often open up new areas to human activity, bringing people closer to wildlife and increasing the risk of conflicts, which can further endanger species.

Examples:

Rainforests:

Many endangered species like tigers, orangutans, and certain bird species live in rainforests, which are heavily impacted by illegal logging.

Elephant corridors:

Elephants often rely on specific routes through forests to access water and food, and illegal logging can disrupt these corridors, putting elephants at risk.

Key points to remember:

Direct impact: Illegal logging directly destroys the habitats of endangered species.

Biodiversity loss: The loss of diverse ecosystems due to illegal logging can lead to the decline of many species, not just endangered ones.

Conservation efforts: Combating illegal logging is crucial for protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity

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I would tell you about some famous poachers.

Charles Robert Beaty was born on August 13, 1956, in the city of Tyler, Texas. Learning about hunting for the first time around the age of twelve, Charlie became fascinated with the idea of killing big whitetail deer. As an adult, his fascination turned into an obsession.

Next is an Oregon hunter, David Maxfield Jr., shot a bull elk in August of 2016. Like a lot of hunters, Maxfield was quick to share the photo of his kill to an Oregon hunting page.

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Please stop poaching animals...

Don't kill them...

We are all friends, never kill each other...

Please...

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Endangered Animals with one of the cause, it's Poaching:

1. Javan Rhinos.

2. Amur Leopard.

3. Sunda Island Tiger.

4. Mountain Gorillas.

5. Tapanuli Orangutan.

6. Yangtze Finless Porpoise.

7. Black Rhinos.

8. African Forest Elephant.

Facts about Poaching:

1. Many countries believe that the rhino horn is an important ingredient for many medicines. This is false. Rhino horn has the same medicinal effect as chewing on your fingernails aka none.

2. At the beginning of the 20th century there were a few million African elephants and approximately 100,000 Asian elephants. Today elephants are now considered endangered, there are about 450,000-700,000 African elephants and 35,000-40,000 Asian elephants.

3. Tigers are primarily killed to supply underground black markets with its organs, pelts, and bones. These items are highly regarded in eastern medicine (although these treatments have been disproved and have no real medical value).

4. A 2010 United Nations report suggests that gorillas could disappear from large parts of the Congo Basin by the mid-2020s.

5. In Asia, tiger parts (other than the bone) are used in mythological medicine. This includes: the eyes, hair, internal organs, even tiger penis – which is used in a soup as an aphrodisiac.

Numbers of some endangered animals that are left in this world:

-The exact Javan rhino population is unknown, but estimates from 2021 indicate that there are about 76 remaining individuals in the wild.

-How many lions are left in the wild? Only an estimated 24,000 wild lions remain.

-Current estimates suggest around 4,500 tigers remain in the wild.

-There are less than 800 Tapanuli Orangutan remaining in the wild, this species is considered one of the world's most endangered primates and one of the most endangered great apes.

That's some facts i could tell you about Illegal Poaching.

Remember, never kill animals!

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Wishing you all the best for the review test.

You've got this! Good luck!