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March 3, 1865: Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865: Freedmen’s Bureau created

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Provided essentials and education to freed slaves

Supported labor contracts and civil rights

Operated from 1865 to 1872

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April 15, 1865: Abraham Lincoln is assassinated

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April 15, 1865: Abraham Lincoln is assassinated

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16th U.S. president

Led the nation through the civil war

He believed the nation couldn't survive half-free and half enslaved

Brief description: Opposed slavery's expansion, issued the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), and pushed for the 13th Amendment to end slavery.

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April 15, 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes president

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April 15, 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes president

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17th U.S. president

He took office after Lincoln's assassination

He clashed with Congress over civil rights and the Freedmen's Bureau

Brief description: Favored lenient Reconstruction, offering amnesty to the South, and opposed harsh penalties for former Confederates.

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Fall 1865: Black Codes start to be implemented throughout the South

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Fall 1865: Black Codes start to be implemented throughout the South

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Laws restricting African American's freedoms in the South

Aimed to control labor and limit rights (ex. voting & property ownership)

This led to increased tension and Congress being forced to pass civil rights legislation

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Black Codes start to be implemented throughout the South

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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the U.S.

This freed all enslaved people, except for those convicted of a crime

This was a major step towards civil rights but left loopholes for forced labor

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The KKK is a white supremacist group founded in Tennessee

The reason for creation was to intimidate and oppress African Americans, especially during reconstruction

The creation of this group sparked widespread racial violence and terror in the south

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This was the first federal law to define citizenship and affirm equal rights

This granted all people born in the U.S. citizenship and equal protection under the law

This also paved the way for the 14th amendment, but faced resistance in the south

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A violent attack on African Americans in Memphis, Tennessee

This attack was triggered by racial tensions and resentment toward Black civil rights

Over 4o African Americans were killed, and multiple homes, churches, and schools were destroyed

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868: Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868: Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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This divided the South into 5 military districts to enforce reconstruction

Southern states created new constitutions with Black suffrage

Congress to control of reconstruction

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June 1870: Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo

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June 1870: Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo

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The U.S. attempted to annex the Dominican Republic

President Grant was in support, seeking expansion and economic gain

The treaty failed in the Senate, largely due to opposing Republicans

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July 28, 1868: 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868: 14th Amendment is ratified

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This granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S.

It ensures equal protection under the law for all citizens

It caused Bars against former confederates holding public office without congressional approval

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November 3, 1868: Ulysses S. Grant elected

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November 3, 1868: Ulysses S. Grant elected

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He was a Union general

He was elected as the 18th president

He faced challenges with political corruption

Brief description: Supported strong enforcement of Reconstruction laws and civil rights for freedmen, but struggled to unite the nation post-war.

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November 3, 1868: Ulysses S. Grant elected

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Southern states held conventions to rewrite laws post-Civil War

Freedmen gain the right to participate in voting and holding office

New state constitutions included civil rights protection and suffrage for black men

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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February 3, 1870: 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870: 15th Amendment is ratified

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The 15th Amendment grants voting rights to all male citizens, regardless of race or previous conditions

It aimed to protect black suffrage, especially in the south

It strengthened reconstruction by promoting racial equality in elections

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White supremacists attacked black Republicans in Colfax, Louisiana

Over 100 black citizens were killed in the violence

This event highlighted the growing resistance to Reconstruction and black political power in the South

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1875: Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875: Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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This was aimed at disenfranchising black voters and suppressing republican influence in Mississippi

White supremacist groups used intimidation, violence, and fraud to influence elections

This resulted in the Democratic party regaining control of the state by 1875

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After the 1876 election: Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election: Compromise of 1877

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This ended the contested 1876 presidential election, securing Rutherford B. Hayes' victory

In exchange, republicans agreed to withdraw troops from the south

This led to the end of Reconstruction and the return of Democratic control in southern states