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Hello everyone. As some of you know, I teach a uni level lit class every semester called ELT 107. In this class, we read prose and learn the basics of literary analysis.

Because this is an introductory course, many of the students in the class last did lit in sec 2 or sec 4. The skills I cover map heavily into what you and I are doing in class.

It's an online class running 7-10pm tonight, so if you want, you're more than welcome to join me. I'll drop the link to joining the class later in a comment below.

To get the most out of this class, you might want to read two short stories ahead of the lecture. I'll be analysing "how it feels to be coloured me" by zola Hurston and "mediations 17" by John donne with my class later.

This is purely supplementary - you don't have to come if you don't want to!!​

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Nabila

Poet strikingly present relationships by generalising romance as something everyone faces. He starts of by sharing his own experience, ‘they sowed their isn’t they reaped their same’ highlights how even from young, they stuck together to the hip to accomplish everything. The use of alliteration can be seen from ‘sowed’ and ‘same’ which allows me to elaborate that the poet wants the phrase to be remembered, and it is also memorable so as to amplify that even when they started off alone, they will always be brought back together in the end, no matter how long it would take to do so.

Furthermore, ‘she laughed his joy she cried his grief’ illustrates the emotional attachment they have with each other and are connected in ways that are more than just physically. Generally speaking, anyone can share your happiness and laughter but two individuals could only share each other’s pain when they have truly understand and stood by them the whole time, which could be seen between anyone and no one.  Moreover, the lack of an expected comma between ‘joy’ and ‘she’ exemplifies the eagerness of the poet to share more about his love and what experiences they have shared together. Additionally, the immediate contrast between ‘laughed his joy’ and ‘cried his grief’ provides us the realisation that it does not matter the circumstances, she stuck by him the entire time and no mentions of her being annoyed were mentioned, showcasing her sincerity and love she obtains.

Therefore, the poet has expressed that there is no need for there to be a specific event or occasion for a relationship to develop. The vital thing needed is sincerity and time, for a a relationship to progress and move forward and that is when the realisation that you are in love starts to blossom and bloom.

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In the piece “anyone lived in pretty how town” by E.E. Cummings uses relationship as a way to present individuality and this can be seen from how they are uniquely different from the predictable society. As seen in stanza 5, how others all usually laugh, look back at setbacks that happened in their boring daily routines of waking up, hoping, sleeping, both seen in “someones married to their everyones laughed their cryings and did their dance (sleep wake hope and then)” with no uniqueness in their wedding and daily routine.

The poem depicts a town where people are focused on their routines, symbolises by “sowing their isn’t and reaping their same” where sowing and reaping could be talking about people busy planting and harvesting their gains for a living. This contrasts with noone and anyone’s relationship as it lacks feelings and the society is too uniform in how they live a life until as if they are robots which is again, emotionless.

The society being emotionless can be backed by how quickly people moved on from noone and anyone’s passing from “reaped their sowing and went their came” where people returned to work after their death, relationships is no as important as work in the town.

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Muz and ver

Relationships are gentle. In “anyone lived in a pretty how town,” strikingly presents the quiet but deep love between anyone and noone through symbolism, repetition, and contrast. Their names are symbolic, showing how their relationship could belong to anyone and often goes unnoticed, just like many quiet loves in real life. While the townspeople live routine, emotionless lives “cared for anyone not at all” noone and anyone share a bond filled with understanding, as seen in the line “she laughed his joy she cried his grief.” Repetition of natural cycles like “spring summer autumn winter” and “sun moon stars rain” reflects how their love grows gently and lasts through time. The poet unique wordplay and soft rhythm emphasize how even the simplest, unnoticed relationships can carry the deepest emotions.

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Muz and ver

In “anyone lived in a pretty how town,” strikingly presents the relationship between anyone and noone through symbolism, repetition, and contrast. The names “anyone” and “noone” themselves are symbolic, suggesting that their love represents a universal but unnoticed connection. Despite being overlooked by the townspeople, their bond is shown to be deep and genuine, as seen in the line “she laughed his joy she cried his grief,” expressing emotional unity. He contrasts their love with the indifference of others through parallel structure, such as “Women and men (both little and small) cared for anyone not at all,” highlighting the coldness of society. Repetition of natural cycles like “spring summer autumn winter” and “sun moon stars rain” reinforces the passage of time and shows how their love quietly persists through life and death. Through these devices, the poem portrays a relationship that is both quietly beautiful and enduring, standing out in a world that fails to notice it.

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Download a copy of this poem for yourself. In groups of two or threes, read and annotate the poem. Figure out for me what this poem is about.

As you read, pay particular attention to the sound and rhythm of the poem. How would you describe the aural effects produced by the poem? And to what (thematic) ends do these effects seek to achieve?

Also pay attention to the use of tense in the poem. e e cumming's use of tense is apposite--why does his use of tense matter in this poem?

Your task today is to work out the themes, tone, and subject matter of this poem. In pairs or in your group, write a paragraph addressing these points.

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Kaiying

I find the imagery used in “tulips” to be disturbing but it showed very deep emotions the speaker must have felt. In the poem, “I am learning peacefulness, lying by myself quietly / As the light lies on these white walls, this bed, these hands.” This sets the lonely mood of the poem at the start, this empathises the detachment of life the speaker is feeling when recovering from a medical procedure at a hospital. The imagery of the “white walls, this bed, these hands” shows us that the speaker is feeling isolated from the world and “white” suggests that she is slowly forgetting her past and identity. However, the diction of “peacefulness” and “light” shows that she is at ease with the situation and doesn’t seem to be bothered to do anything about her isolation from life.

Another imagery that I found very interesting was “ The tulips were too red, they hurt me”. “Red” symbolises the pain the speaker is feeling as she sees the tulips which gifted to her by her family, emphasising the dread she felt to return back to her responsibilities as a wife and a mother. Therefore, It feels a bit unsettling because the speaker is rejecting her life and her family and rather be forgotten and left alone to herself.

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I like the imagery in this poem, as the writer’s feelings and impressions are expressed clearly and powerfully through the imagery used. The writer uses visual imagery such as “green plastic-pillowed trolley,” which gives readers a picture of a sterilised, depersonalised hospital environment, and “my patent leather overnight case like a black pillbox,” which shows how her personal belongings have been reduced to something cold and clinical. Both of these images reflect the writer’s impression of the hospital as foreign and unfamiliar, evoking an uncomfortable feeling of being out of place. They also show her emotional detachment and how she is stripped of her identity and connections to the outside world. I also like the contrast between peace and pain. For example, the white hospital room feels quiet and calm, but also cold and empty, which shows the speaker’s desire to escape from the world. In contrast, the tulips are described as too red and loud, almost like they are alive and disturbing her peace. This makes the tulips feel threatening instead of beautiful. The imagery helps to express the speaker’s inner struggle and makes the poem more emotional and impactful.

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Imam

Yes, I do like the imagery used in the poem. The imagery used is able to express the pain and really emphasise the disturbing nature of the poet, Sylvia Plath’s emotions. With contextual knowledge that Sylvia was undergoing surgery and felt freedom from life, only to be reeled back in by the tulips, this poem is a spectacular view into her thought and emotions. ‘Their redness talks to my wounds, it corresponds’ refers to how the tulips represent the burdens and expectations of life, of reality outside the hospital. Another notable piece of imagery is how the poet describes ‘The nurses pass and pass, they are no trouble, They pass the way gulls pass inland in their white caps,

Doing things with their hands, one just the same as another, So it is impossible to tell how many they are’. This shows that the poet’s surroundings and people around her, especially the nurses, are indistinguishable and monotonous, which could also be a reflection of normal everyday life, passing by people every day, just another background character.

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Wen Qing

Yes I do like the imagery in this poem even though it causes some discomfort. The poet writes, “The tulips are too red in the first place, it hurt me,” and “Their redness talks to my wound, it corresponds.”The vivid imagery of the red tulips symbolises blood, pain, and emotional disturbance. The words “too red” suggests that the flowers are unnaturally bright, overwhelming and violent to her. The word “hurt” makes the color feel physically painful, and the redness is later directly compared to a wound. This creates a strong connection between the tulips and bleeding or injury, showing how its presence disturbs her fragile emotional state. The quiet and peaceful hospital room makes her feel free and detached from the world and her stresses, but when the tulips comes in, it took away the peaceful tone of the poem and the peaceful feelings inside the poet at first. She never wanted this, she never had asked for any of this pain, she feel’s trapped. The red tulip is threatening her and reminds her of her painful life in reality. The red colour corresponds to her inner wounds, both physical and psychological, which makes the imagery deeply intense and emotional. Therefore, I liked the imagery because it effectively symbolises the poet’s emotional pain by making the tulips a powerful symbol of inner suffering. One red tulip and is enough to tell her whole life and a lot of her emotions that people don’t feel and understood her. I feel this poem very powerful.

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Grace

I like the imagery in the poem. Firstly, Sylvia Plath turned tulips into a complex emotional symbol. ‘Their redness talks to my wound, it corresponds’ shows that tulips symbolise the burdens in life as the tulips are personified as something that hurts her. Tulips represent the emotional chaos of life and their presence makes her unable to detach from them. Tulips are unwanted reminders of her real life. Secondly, the poem reflects her inner psychological conflict in physical surroundings. Sylvia describes her body as ‘a pebble. It is warm like a body.’ She sees herself as a non-living thing, something that is disconnected from her body, but when she sees the tulips, she is reminded of the present moment. This creates tension between numbness and sensation or between death and life, which is described through visual and sensory imagery.

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Yuuki

Yes I do like the imagery in this poem. In the poem the speaker emphasises on how the tulips are standing out in the white room and the imagery used to express it are showing how the tulips are supposedly taking her away from freedom although they are symbols of beauty and gentleness which corresponds to peace and freedom. From the poem, it is said that the tulips ‘are too red in the first place, they hurt me’ The colour red symbolises violence which is contrasting to the fact that they are tulips symbolising beauty and gentleness. The colour red is said to be ‘hurting her’ giving her stress, like it is forcing her to do something that she does not want to do, which does not make sense as tulips are supposed to make her happy and allow to to feel calm and free from her worries. This imagery makes the readers confused and allow them to go with their imagination of trying to understand what the poem is trying to say.

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zishan

I like the imagery in this poem. I like how she uses colour imagery. In the poem she uses white to convey peacefulness, and a sense of detachment. On the other hand the colour red is a violent contrast to white. She feels that white is calm and quiet while red is vibrant and alive, she wants to stay in white but the red won’t leave her alone. The white symbolises the life she wants, and how she wants to feel while the red symbolises the life she has that is loud and vivid and won’t leave her be. There is a stark contrast between the two colours. This contrast helps to visualise her emotions.

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Yi Ming

I like the imagery in this poem as it is vivid, emotional and deeply symbolic. In the poem, Sylvia Plath juxtaposes the symbolism of the white hospital room with bright red tulips. The white hospital is the visual imagery that represents peace and detachment from the world, which is further supported by the mention of “I am nobody; I have nothing to do with explosions”, where explosions are referred to passion and life. This phrase also emphasises Sylvia Plath’s desire to disappear from the overwhelming reality of life. On the other hand, the bright red tulips represents the image of blood and vitality, symbolising the energy of the outside world, which was what Sylvia Plath was trying to escape from. This is also highlighted by, “I am aware of my heart: it opens and closes” which suggests that the tulips Sylvia Plath encounters is life itself, where life forces her to live through all the love and pain. Overall, I like this poem because it feels personal and highlights about the reality of one’s day to day life as someone who is staying in a hospital. Thus, this poem also serves as a reminder to me that I should be more empathetic towards people facing similar situations like Sylvia Plath too.

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Luo Yi

I do like the imagery in the poem as the author uses strong sensory details to engage to evoke the speaker's emotional state.The imagery also shows me the feeling of the author which is very complex, complex about life and death. The poem associates the red tulips with her own wound and her heart, blurring the lines between the external world of the flowers and her internal physical and emotional state. This blurring suggests that the pain she experiences is both physical and psychologically. And for example, the tulips are described as "eating" the speaker’s oxygen and acting as "red lead sinkers," highlighting their oppressive and suffocating presence. The speaker also describes the "white walls, white caps, white lids," creating a sense of sterility and detachment.

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Nabila & Hyu

Yes, we do. The use of visual imagery is seen in ‘look how white everything is’, which highlights the lack of liveliness and how draining the environment must seem to a normal person, having to see the same colour, white, again and again. It can be further noticed when the poem mentions ‘I have nothing to do with explosions’ which illustrates that the people around the writer are constantly wary of the writer, due to being unsure of the her next reaction, whether it would be flailing her arms out of anger or fear or would she react neutrally. Similar to explosions, there contains the uncertainty of when they would occur and whether it would be drastic which could possibly cause harm to those around. Hence, this use of imagery is effective and can convey the sickness that the writer may be facing to have to experience such a lonesome and dull environment with people repeatedly being on edge around her.

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deannie

I don’t really like the imagery in Tulips because it feels too heavy and emotionally intense. The way Sylvia Plath describes the tulips as if they’re watching her or breathing makes the poem feel strange and uncomfortable. Instead of helping me understand how she feels, the imagery sometimes makes things more confusing or dramatic than they need to be. I get that she’s trying to show the conflict between peace and being alive, but the symbols feel too complicated and abstract. For me, it’s hard to connect with the poem emotionally because the descriptions feel more overwhelming than meaningful.

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vyanne

Yes, I like the imagery in Tulips because it helps me picture how the speaker feels. The white hospital room is calm and quiet, which shows how she wants to rest and be free from everything. But the tulips are bright red and described as loud and heavy, which makes them feel like a disturbance. They seem alive, almost like they’re watching her and forcing her to feel things she wants to avoid. These images make it easier to understand her struggle between wanting peace and being reminded of life.

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Min Er

I like the imagery in the poem on how the writer describes her burdens though the red tulips. Stanza 6 describes how the feeling of being alive, knowing how the writer is still alive is a burden that she has. The red tulips symbolise life like blood, which “hurts me” as the writer states because knowing how they’re still alive is suffering to her. the gift wrapper that the tulips were packed in shows how the writer is surrounded by loved ones who care deeply about her, yet she found that burdening since she could not leave the world without hurting others with her death. This can be seen by how she describes the the tulips in the wrapping “like an awful baby”, which emphasises the tiredness of having to be there for her loved ones even tho it takes a toll on her. coming to the end of the stanza, it becomes slightly more disturbing as she compares her wounds to the red tulips, how they weigh her down and upset her. It reflects how all humans have their own burdens that weigh us down, making the poem seem more relatable, especially to those who are struggling out there. the quote “A dozen red lead sinkers round my neck” expresses how the wounds and burdens the writer has is suffocating her, making her want to escape from her burdens, needing to be there for her family, and how she wishes to be free on her own. The way the writer describes her burdens through a single flower shows us how contradictory life can be like a flower, just as beautiful and just as painful, making the poem bittersweet to read.

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Tulips by Sylvia Plath

Do you like the imagery in the poem? Why or why not?

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Discuss the presentation of love in CAD "You".

Task 1: Write an introduction to the question.

Task 2: Build a body paragraph in response to the question using PEEL.

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Zhuoyang

The characters in the story are mostly driven by the id, while some are driven by the superego. There is also character development from the start of the story to now. At the start of the story, the characters were driven by the ego and superego, as we can see that the characters were still quite sane and acting normally. They just recently left civilisation, so they were still not violent and following rules. However, as the time they spent on the island increases, the superego weakens, seeing that Jack is becoming more and more violent and cruel as the story progresses. At the start of the story, Jack was willing to follow Ralph’s rules, as well as him being too scared to kill the pig. However, at the current point of the story, he able to kill pigs without a second thought. This shows that he is acting purely on his id, as we can see his desire for bloodlust and violence for his own personal benefits. The other kids also has been getting more ruthless, acting on their pleasure instinct and declining moral standards. However, this is not the case of everyone. Piggy, on the other hand, is still in control and under the influence of the superego. Even after spending quite an amount of time on the island., he is still thinking logically rather than acting on primal instincts. He also retains his moral standards and conscience, not willing to harm others as well as willingly following Ralph rules. This shows that the influence of the id and superego differences from person to person. On one hand, we have Jack and his hunters, who ignored the superego completely and losing their conscience, being violent to everyone who gets in their way as they are acting on primal instincts to satisfy their desire of bloodlust and greed, and a thirst for power. On the other hand, Ralph, Piggy and some of other other boys still has control of themselves, thinking rationally and having hope to escape. They are able to stick to their beliefs and conscience.

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zishan

The boys in the book are driven by different parts of the human psyche. Jack is driven by Id. The wild, impulsive part of the mind that wants what it wants right now, an example being when he acts on impulse, like hunting, violence and power. he has an obsession with pleasure in killing the pig and doesn’t care about rules or rescue. On the other hand, Piggy represents Superego, the voice of conscience, rules and guilt. He is always logical and follows the rules, aiming to maintain order and civilisation, he keeps the group grounded telling them right from wrong. While Ralph represents Ego, he tries to balance the needs of all, trying to have fun in socially acceptable ways. He wants to have fun but also wants to be rescued. His way of trying to balance the id and superego is his way of leading fairly and practically.

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Yuuki

Jack’s behaviour is guided prominently by Id. He relies on instinct to do things and doesn’t think before he act. An example of this is when Jack doesn’t hear out piggy’s opinion and is quick to act without a plan. He often tries his best to act like a leader just to get what he wants which shows that he does not think twice whether what he is doing is right or wrong. This is a clear showcase of the constituent agent id. Additionally, when Jack manages to get what he wants he would show it off without feeling guilty, regretting or thinking about what he just did and when Jack finds an opportunity to get what he desires he will do his best to get it done or try his best to find another opportunity.

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Jack in Lord of the Flies shows how people can act when they stop caring about rules and just follow their instincts. At first, he tries to be a leader and follow some kind of order, but over time, he gets more focused on hunting and being in charge. He stops caring about being rescued and becomes more violent and controlling. This fits with Freud’s idea of the id, which is the part of us that just wants what it wants, without thinking about right or wrong. Jack gives in to that side of himself and ends up becoming completely savage.

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In Lord of the Flies, Jack is prominently guided by id. This is evident by his obsession with hunting and dominance as he allows his primal desires and impulses to consume him whole. His gradual descent into savagery in order to receive immediate gratification shows the growing influence of id as part of societal’s norms. On the other hand, Ralph is guided by ego as shown in him consistently mediates to balance internal desires with external realities,  societal’s structures and order with the other boys’ desire for fun and freedom. Meanwhile, Piggy represents superego as he embodies moral conscience shaped by the norms and expectations of society. He heavily relies on logic and the adherence to rules by constantly reminding the group of what the adults would expect from the boys. Further into the story, there is character development. The id gains more dominance, causing characters such as Jack who allows his primal instincts to take over him fully, leading him to inflict harm on other vulnerable characters such as Piggy. Thus, through the theory by Sigmund Freud, Lord of the Flies serves as a reminder on the fragility of societal order when under the presence of unchecked desires of humans.

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Grace

Jack is mainly guided by id. He represents impulse, savagery and desire for power. When the boys were deciding who to be chief, Jack said arrogantly that he ‘ought to be chief’. This seems as if Jack thinks it is obvious that he is most suitable to lead others and likes to boast about himself, which demonstrates how much he desires to be powerful. When Jack wanted to light the fire, he wanted to use Piggy’s glasses as ‘burning glasses’. Piggy kept on refusing but Jack did not care about his feelings and just ‘snatched the glasses off his face’. Jack likely does not respect others and just wants to get his way, which shows that he does things on impulse. When Jack first went to hunt for a pig, he was behaving like an animal as he was ‘bent double’ and ‘dog-like, uncomfortably on all fours’. This is definitely not how a normal and sane human being should behave no matter how desperate they are for something, and the fact that Jack is behaving so irrationally and so desperately to kill the pig highlights the fact that he prioritises immediate pleasure over reason or mortality. This shows how Jack turned animalistic as he behaves wildly and insanely, which foreshadows his further descend into savagery further in the story.

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Andrea

I believe that Jack is ego-driven at the very start of the book while containing a certain amount of superego left as Jack is a leader who is disciplined and have authority of the choirboys. When Ralph is voted as the leader, he respects the rules under Ralph’s leadership. His superego is seen in when he fails to kill a piglet, hesitating due him being used to being civilised. But from this action, it can be seen that id is present but suppressed, like how he wants leadership over Ralph but contains it.

When Jack agrees to rules and the importance of a signal fire, but his focus shifts to hunting, it shows that he still has ego but his id side is gradually being prioritised while his superego side is being put away.

Id is seen gaining power in Jack as he becomes obsessed with hunting and starts to care less about surviving and getting rescued, the absence of superego is shown as he does not cooperate with Ralph’s leadership and even dismissed the importance of what Ralph is focusing on, building shelters in their conflict. The overtake of id in Jack is further seen in him painting his face, symbolising an abandon of identity and morality and him and the hunters let the signal fire die, missing a possible rescue opportunity because they are focused on a successful pig hunt. He also becomes violent as he hits Piggy.

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Wen Qing :

Ralph is mostly guided by the Ego, the part of the mind that tries to balance basic wants and the sense of right and wrong. At the start, Ralph believes in rules, teamwork, and being rescued, so he tries to lead the boys in an organized way. He wants to build shelters and keep the signal fire going to catch attention to be rescued, showing his focus on long term goals and responsibility. As the story goes on, things start to fall apart. The other boys begin to care more about fun and hunting than rules, and Ralph finds it harder to keep control. He starts to feel confused and frustrated because he wants to do what’s right, but fewer boys are listening to him, more of them are becoming more savage. This shows that Ralph is changing, he is still trying to lead with reason, but he’s starting to see that keeping order is not easy when others follow their wild side, and each have their own way of doing things.

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Ya Ting :

Out of all the characters, i think Jack strongly embodies the id, the part of the psyche driven by instinct, desire, and impulse. His constant craving for power and dominance, shown through his desperation to be leader, reveals how his actions are ruled by raw desire rather than reason. This is also evident in his obsession with hunting, he abandons responsibilities like keeping the signal fire going, choosing instead to satisfy his personal hunger for meat and thrill. His impulsiveness directly results in the group's missed opportunity for rescue, showing how his cravings override the group's well-being.

Jack's violent tendencies further highlight the dominance of his id. He bullies Piggy relentlessly, without any fear of consequence. Unlike some of the other boys, who still retain some fear of punishment or guilt. Eventually, his descent into savagery leads to the deaths of Piggy, who also happen to represents the superego, the voice of morality and conscience. By the end of the story, Jack behaves more like a wild animal than a boy, driven almost entirely by instinct, emotion, and unchecked desire.

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We are at a rising action in the story, where this chapter that we have read has a climax that occurs to bring suspense and foreshadow what will become of the boys. In painted faces and long hair, the chapter describes how corrupted Jack the the hunters have become and how Ralph is loosing his authority to Jack and his violence. There is also a lot of tension in this chapter when Ralph argues with Jack about how the fire on the mountain was let out and how their opportunity to be rescued was blown because of Jack wanting to kill a pig. It highlights how the island has corrupted Jack to the point where he doesn’t even care if he could go home since he just wants to kill and shed blood. The quote, ‘“You let the fire out.” “We can light the fire again. You should have been with us, Ralph. We had a smashing time. The twins got knocked over—”’ reflects Jack‘s ignorance to Ralph’s repetitive voicing of anger over the fire being let out. When Ralph’s explains how they had their chance of being rescued blowed because of Jack and his hunters, Jack says how they wanted meat and turns the subject to piggy and picking on him, which shows how Jack is being ignorant, displaying his current immature self against Ralph’s maturing personality, which over time will change with the rising actions and climaxes over the chapters.

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Jack is driven mostly by his id. At the start of the book, Jack is already seen as the boy who will be corrupted. Jack is a child who is immature, which leads to him being driven by his id more often than anything. He barely has any ego since he has a vision that he is better and should be treated as a higher being; ‘ “I ought to be chief,” said Jack with simple arrogance, “because I’m chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp.”’

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i would say that ralph is guided by the ego Ralph tries to balance the boys’ primal instincts (id) with rules and order (superego). He focuses on rescue, building shelters, and keeping the signal fire going . Over time, Ralph becomes more aware of how fragile civilisation is. He starts out confident but grows increasingly desperate and frightened as savagery overtakes the island. His ego struggles more as the id-driven behaviour of the other boys becomes dominant.

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Hyunabila

We’re at the rising action of the story as we see Jack having influence over his choir boys to kill the pig, and we get a glimpse of their inhumane behaviour that will develop further throughout the story. Being proud that they have discarded a life, also due to their desire to please the ‘older boy’, and the consequence of this blind faith has already led to them not being rescued by the ship earlier, much to the displeasure of Ralph. This suggests their blind faith in Jack to do what’s ‘right’ rather than decide for themselves, which foreshadows the impact it would have on the other boys on the island, and the loyalty of the little ‘uns towards Ralph.

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hyunabila

We are developing our study on Jack’s Id

- At the start of the story, we see his hesitation in killing the pig from the phrase “there came a pause, a hiatus” in chapter 1, it amplifies Jack’s unwillingness to make his first kill , showing he still has some morality in him. However, later on in chapter 4, we see his success in killing the pig which foreshadows his lack or morality. The phrase “Kill the pig.Cut her throat.Spill her blood” illustrates his desire of preying on the weak. The continuous use of the word “her” to label the pig despite not knowing its gender, portrays the reality that women are typically considered as “weak” hence jack does not feel any sense of shame when labelling the pig as a “women”. Thus, his ID exaggerates his need to satisfy his sexual desires seeing as there is no women on the island, leading to him finding an alternative , which is the pig.

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Luoyi

For Jack, his id most prominently guides his behaviour because whenever he wants something, or craves something he will do anything to get it. For example, when Jack wanted meat, he will run away from the group and neglect what he was supposed to do which is to build huts. He also caused everyone to lose the chance of going home as he went hunting heheh he was supposed to keep the fire burning and look out for ships passing by. This shows that he is driven by his cravings. Jack also bullied Piggy just because he did not like him and later killed piggy too. He not just bullied verbally but also punched piggy, unafraid of consequences as compared to the other boys who are still afraid of getting punished. Jack has also became more animalistic when he was stranded on the island.

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Urtiya

I’d say that out of all the characters, Jack Meridew represents ID the most out of all the characters. Firstly his desperation to be the leader shows his ID in control as this shows his need for dominance even if it isn’t the best option for everyone. Another example is how he has impulsive behaviours such as being obsessed with hunting and only doing that despite that not being the most useful thing to the others, showing that he only cares for what his mind wants to do disregarding the concerns of the others showing his ID at play once again. His descent into savagery also shows his ID, his impulsive behaviour resulted in the death of Simon and piggy(who are interestingly the 2 best examples of super egos in the story). His actions are guided by instinct and emotions rather than reason or conscience

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Verlene and muzfirah

Jack most prominently represents the id, the part of the mind driven by primal instincts and the desire for immediate gratification without concern for rules or morality. His aggressive behavior, obsession with hunting, and eventual descent into savagery reflect his rejection of societal order in favor of satisfying his impulses. Jack thrives on power, dominance, and violence, indulging in tribal rituals and bloodlust, which highlight his instinctual and emotional drives. Unlike Ralph, who represents the ego, and Piggy, who symbolizes the superego, Jack embodies the raw, unchecked instincts of the human psyche.

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Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychology/psychoanalysis, developed a model of our psychic processes to explain the way we behave. In this model, Freud proposes that the mind has three constituent agents:

the id, ego, and superego.

Task 1: watch the following video explaining what the id, ego, and superego is.

https://www.google.com/search?q=id+ego+superego&rlz=1C1CHBF_enSG1093SG1093&oq=id+ego+su&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDAgAEAAYQxiABBiKBTIMCAAQABhDGIAEGIoFMgYIARBFGDkyBwgCEAAYgAQyBwgDEAAYgAQyBwgEEAAYgAQyBwgFEAAYgAQyBwgGEAAYgAQyBwgHEAAYgAQyBwgIEAAYgAQyBwgJEAAYgATSAQgyMjAwajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:ea3a1edf,vid:bo_AXAqiK0E,st:0

Talk to the people next to you/around you about how each of these agents manifest in our daily lives. How much of the id are we? How much ego, and how much super ego?

Task 2: Relate what you've just learnt about this psychic negotiation to the characters we've studied for LOTF. When our characters behave, which aspect of mind most prominently guides their behaviour? Is such behavioural performance static for each character--or is there some kind of change (read: is there character development--if so, what is the development?)?

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Tiffany & Ranice

In Chapter 4 of Lord of the Flies, we’re at the rising action of the story, moving from the boys’ initial attempts at order into a deeper descent into savagery. One of the scene contributes to the overall narrative trajectory by showing us how fragile their civilization really is. The moment when Jack lets the fire go out in favor of hunting is key, it’s not just about a missed rescue opportunity, but also about priorities shifting from survival and rescue to power and primal instincts. The painted faces, the chant, and the thrill of the hunt all suggest that the boys are beginning to abandon the rules and structures of the world they once knew. So tensions are building, and the conflict between Ralph and Jack is becoming clearer, pushing the story toward its eventual climax. It’s the moment where we see a real crack form in their fragile society.

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I believe that overall this scene contributes to the story as a rising action as it shows the first major disagreement between civilisation and savagery. From this scene the hunters who represented savagery overpowered civilisation, as they put the fire out to fulfill their hunting desires where they finally succeeded in killing a pig will be more determined to kill more and the fire putted out without at least Ralph who is the island leader knowing. While Ralph as a leader is trying to pull the hunters back to civilisation with his leadership which by he called a meeting, I believe that the unbalanced amount of people on both sides and the hunters growing more violent, this scene foreshadows a gradual lost of power of Ralph and civilisation in future chapters.

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In this scene, the chant "Kill the pig! Slit her throat! Bash her in!" marks the turning point in the rising action of the book, when the boys started acting savagely. The boys transform a survival act into a ritualistic celebration of dominance and bloodlust when they burst into this violent chorus after successfully hunting their first pig. The aggressive, rhythmic language of the chant illustrates how violence is becoming accepted and even thrilling among the group, particularly when experienced collectively. The growing gap between Ralph and Jack is further widened by this moment. Jack enjoys the rush of the kill while Ralph laments the lost opportunity for rescue because the signal fire was extinguished. The boys' eventual decline into barbarism is hinted at in the chant, which also clearly signals their loss of innocence. as the excitement of the hunt begins to overshadow their former concern with being rescued or maintaining order. This shift in priorities contributes directly to the novel’s conflict between civilization and savagery.

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we are at rhe point where the story is approaching its climax, and the boys on the island are visibly drifting away from the values of civilisation, particularly Jack and his hunters. Their obsession with hunting and the disturbing chants they perform after a kill suggest violence. The tension between Ralph and Jack, the two main leaders, has also escalated. Their first disagreement revolved around priorities where Ralph wanted to focus on building shelters, while Jack was more interested in hunting. Despite that early clash, they still maintained a degree of mutual respect. However, their second conflict was far more serious where Ralph was furious that Jack had let the signal fire go out, choosing instead to hunt a pig. This recurring conflict between order and savagery hints at future confrontations that could become even more aggressive, especially as the boys continue to lose touch with civilisation.

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vyanne

I feel like this scene is in the rising action, where things are starting to get more serious. The boys seem really proud after killing the pig, which shows they’re starting to care more about hunting than getting rescued. Their chant feels creepy, almost like a ritual, and it shows how they’re being influenced by the group. Jack is gaining more control, and the boys are slowly turning away from Ralph. It’s a sign that things are going to get worse later on.

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Ellyn

By the end of Chapter 4 in Lord of the Flies, the story is firmly in the rising action phase of its narrative structure. The exposition in Chapter 1 introduced the boys, the island setting, and their initial attempts at establishing order with Ralph elected as chief. As the story progresses through Chapters 2 to 4, tensions begin to mount, especially between Ralph, who represents order and the hope of rescue, and Jack, who becomes increasingly obsessed with hunting and power. Chapter 4 marks a crucial turning point in the story’s development. When Jack and his hunters let the signal fire go out in favor of hunting a pig, they miss a potential chance at rescue, leading to a heated confrontation between Ralph and Jack. This scene is significant because it signals the beginning of the breakdown of structured society on the island and the growing divide between the values of civilization and savagery. Jack’s violent reaction and his dismissal of Ralph’s authority reveal his shift toward primal instincts and foreshadow the eventual collapse of order. This moment not only intensifies the conflict between the two leaders but also marks a deeper change in the boys’ priorities, as survival and power begin to take precedence over cooperation and rescue. As such, this scene contributes heavily to the overall narrative trajectory by accelerating the descent into chaos

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verlene

through rising action as the boys' initial attempts at civilization begin to unravel. A key scene that contributes to this trajectory is when Jack allows the signal fire to go out while he and the hunters are preoccupied with killing a pig. it highlights Jack's growing obsession with savagery and power, while Ralph’s authority and focus on rescue begin to weaken. The conflict between order and chaos becomes more pronounced, foreshadowing the deeper descent into violence. This scene deepens the central tension of the novel and propels the story toward its darker developments.

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Muzfirah

In Chapter 4 of Lord of the Flies, the story reaches a critical point in its rising action as the boys begin to shift further from civilization toward savagery. Jack paints his face, symbolizing his growing detachment from societal norms, and leads a successful pig hunt, prioritizing primal instincts over rescue. Meanwhile, Roger’s restrained cruelty toward a littlun hints at the erosion of moral boundaries. Tension escalates when Jack’s hunters let the signal fire go out just as a ship passes by, missing a vital chance at rescue. Ralph’s anger over the lost opportunity deepens the conflict between him and Jack, marking the beginning of a power struggle that will define the rest of the novel.

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Ya Ting :

I think we are currently in the rising action of the story, where tension and conflict are steadily escalating. This scene marks one of the key turning points in the boys' descent into savagery. The excitement and pride they feel after killing the pig reflect a major shift in their values and piorirties, from focusing on rescue and civilisation to embracing violence and primal instincts like hunting. The chant, “Kill the pig, cut her throat, spill her blood,” becomes a ritual like expression of this change, highlighting how a big group mentality is overpowering individual morality. This moment also strengthens Jack’s influence, drawing the boys closer to his leadership and further away from Ralph’s civilised order. As such, this scene contributes significantly to the overall narrative trajectory by illustrating the boys' moral decline and foreshadowing the chaos and brutality that will define the climax of the story.

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Zhuoyang

I think we are at a mini climax of the story. At this point of the story, an argument just went by and resolved, making it a kind of a short conclusion. This is a kind of a small foreshadowing of what is next to come. Ralph and Jack just had a quite a big argument, tensions are high and this reflects the current stage of the story, where the relationships are kind of breaking up, thus this acts as a mini climax as well as a small conclusion.

This scene contributes to the overall trajectory of the story by acting as a foreshadowing as well as a stark contrast and reminder for the 2 opposing themes of the story, being savagery and civilisation. This argument might be a foreshadowing as well as setting up the stage for the next major climax and disagreement in the story between Ralph and Jack, where things might be more tense and won’t be settled so easily. The argument also being a reminder of seeing how the characters have developed, starting with Ralph. Ralph was chosen as the leader as was the most respected among the people, but he seems to be losing authority as well as control over others, especially Jack and his hunters as r they ignore his orders multiple times, as well as Jack having a big argument with Jack. Jack’s character development can also be shown, him starting out from not being able to kill the pig till now him constantly hunting pigs and killing them without a second thought shows him becoming more savage and cruel as the story progresses.

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Yuuki

1. We are at the point where we are going to the climax. The boys on the island are clearly losing their sense of civilisation especially Jack and his hunters being desperate to kill for meat and chanting chants after doing so which shows that they do not have much thought after killing. Jack and Ralph which are portrayed as leaders of the boys has also had their second argument. In their first argument, Ralph wanted to prioritise building hunts for shelter however Jack wanted to hunt for meat, fortunately this ended with Ralph and Jack still having a liking for each other, however in their second disagreement Ralph was angry at Jack for not keeping the fire up as he was busy killing a pig. With the fact that they had 2 arguments which clearly showed the differences between Ralph and Jack foreshadows how future arguments between the both of them could easily start and they might end up in violence due to the constant lost in civilisation in the boys.

2. This scene contributes to overall narrative trajectory by showing the split between two sides of the boys. Ralph’s side is trying to be civilised while Jack’s side is becoming more savage. When Ralph was trying his hardest to keep the fire alive to attract a nearby ship he is held back by Jack and his hunters as they were busy killing a pig. This contrast between the both of them foreshadows how both Ralph and Jack will grow apart which will highly affect the survival rate of all of the boys on the island.

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We are at a mini climax in the story that increases tension between the characters. Where the first major conflict between Ralph and Jack happens when a passing ship is missed because Jack let the signal fire go out while hunting. This leads to a serious argument, highlighting Ralph’s focus on rescue and Jack’s growing obsession with hunting.This moment is crucial in the structural development of the novel because it marks the beginning of the split between the two leaders and their values. The tension between order (represented by Ralph, Piggy, and Simon) and chaos or savagery (represented by Jack and the hunters) begins to grow stronger. It also shows Jack’s increasing desire for power and control, as he begins to openly challenge Ralph’s leadership.

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Grace

1. We are at the rising actions in the story, slowly heading towards the climax. Jack and his hunters are becoming more noticeably savage as Jack conducts ceremonies, singing, dancing, and chanting very disturbing chants. Jack and his hunters also become more excited about hunting as there were intrusions into each other’s speeches when they were talking about how they were hunting for the pig. The fact that the speeches were constantly interrupted and layered onto each other emphasises the excitement that they were experiencing at that time. This is disturbing as they are children, who used to be innocent and are meant to be innocent, yet they are excited over hunting a pig. This abnormal behaviour of the children foreshadows how they would descend into savagery even more and have more disturbing behaviours, which would definitely be very much more tense than this scene.

2. This scene illustrates that the boys will grow to be more savage. This scene highlights the vast difference between the boys at the start of the story and them now. At the start of the story, the boys were brought together by Ralph’s leadership, rules, and survival skills (making a fire). These are all associated with civilisation. At this scene, Maurice breaks the silence by getting the boys to share more about how they found the pig and how they hunted for it. This elucidates the change in their personal desires as survival and getting out of the island seems very much less important than hunting pigs for meat and participating in savage ceremonies. It also foreshadows that they will become more savage as the story continues.

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Wen Qing

We are currently at the rising action, approaching the climax of the story. Tensions are slowly building up as the boys begin to ignore and forget the rules and morals of civilisation. The disappearance of the boy with the mulberry birthmark, which was believed to have died in the fire, marks the first significant loss of innocence and foreshadows the growing violence among the group. This moment signals a turning point, as the boys shift from just cooperative survival to chaotic behaviour. Their increasingly savage behaviour also foreshadows that more of the worst events will happen, hints readers so they will have an idea what will happen but at the same time stays excited and curious. This scene builds suspense and highlights the conflict between civilisation and savagery. The words the boys said, and the actions they did, plays a part in building up tension.

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Luoyi

1. We are at the point where Ralph is slowly losing control of the whole lot of boys even though he is the chosen leaders, but now he only has one to two followers which are Piggy and Simon. Jack is slowly becoming the person who leads or controls all the boys by using threats and violence, this slowly shows that all the boys that is following Jack is being more savage and this might also mirror that Jack and his followers are slowly becoming more aggressive and animalistic.

2. This scene contributes by pointing out that the boys are being more savage, and also pointing out that the boys might do something extreme in the future under the lead of Jack, this scene also portrays that something might happen to piggy as Jack is becoming the more ‘favourable leader’ because Jack has always been quite mean to piggy and even discriminating him in some ways.

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zishan

At what point of structural development are we at in the story?

We are at one of the mini climaxes that build up to the main climax in the story, there is a build up of tension and an overall development of the boys descent into savagery. The climax is brought back down with Ralph calling for a meeting, attempting to bring them back to reality, back to civilisation. It does temporarily work, but other mini climaxes follow to show that this is just one of the many build ups to the climax. This moment is small but a significant, it is also a rising point, where the boys slowly start to give in to their primal instincts, highlighting the loss of civilisation.

The tension, loss of civilisation as the boys descent into savagery and grow more violent build up to the main climax where they intentionally will try to hunt Ralph down.

How does this scene contribute to the overall narrative trajectory?

This scene shows the boy’s first real step away from civilisation, by killing the pig, they grow more savage and violent. Highlighting the beginning of them straying from their moral compass, the repetition of the phrase ‘kill the pig, cut her throat, bash her in’ becomes a sort of ritualistic chant that subtly foreshadows that their violent, savage like behaviour will continue as they grow to do more than just killing a pig. This scene strengthens Jack’s position as a leader as the boys side with him, sharing an experience they can bond over. This foreshadows the point of the text when the boys gang up on Ralph. Hence, this scene highlights the boys descent into savagery as well as the power struggle of Ralph as Jack gains the favour of the boys, by sharing a common experience with them.

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Urtiya

I believe that we are currently in the rising action and we are slowly approaching the climax, i say this as at this point in the story, tenser and tenser scenes keep occurring more and more often. This contribute to the narrative trajectory as it slowly gives the reader an idea of what to expect

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Kaiqin

If we removed piggy from this scene, there would be less tension as jack wouldn’t have anyone to take his anger out on. This is kind of disturbing as piggy is always the first person to be bullied. When Ralph told jack about the ship, piggy “forgot his timidity in the agony of loss” which is uncharacteristic because he’s usually scared to speak up or yell at people. He is one of the more civilised person on this island. Without him, I feel like the tension would decrease as the fight wouldn’t have happened.

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At what point of structural development are we in the story? 

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At what point of structural development are we in the story? 

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How does this scene contribute towards overall narrative trajectory?

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hyuwen

If piggy were to not have been in the scene, Ralph would have easily accused jack of letting out the fire instead of piggy. Without Piggy, Ralph wouldn’t have had anyone to put the blame on. Ralph only chooses to accuse piggy of letting out the fire as he has lesser power than jack hence he is able to degrade him and transfer the humiliation to piggy instead

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If Piggy is removed from this scene, Jack wouldn’t be able to exert his anger on Piggy. Instead, Jack may have injured Ralph instead as he is the next individual to symbolise civilisation or even resort to even more violent forms of harm to illustrate his anger — unleashing his inner primal instincts of savagery. Hence, with the absence of Piggy, there would be no other ‘weakling’ in Jack’s eyes to allow him to exert his violent tendencies. Secondly, if Piggy was absent, the tension between Jack and Ralph may have been worse. At times, Piggy would cut in to defend Ralph as a way to resolve the minor conflicts between Ralph and Piggy. Without Piggy, the differing opinions and stands of Ralph and Jack would heighten the tension more distinctly. Thus, this may even influence the rest of the boys to pick their stands — to either remain civilised or let their inner savagery tendencies to control them instead, which may escalate to no unity as a group by going against one another. Therefore, if Piggy is removed from this scene, the tension between Ralph and Jack would be even more distinct.

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Zhuoyang

If Piggy was not present in the scene, Jack would have been even more agitated and that might lead into a more violent outburst. In the argument, after getting taunted by Piggy and others from not keeping the fire lit, Jack was shown to be quite angry and took his anger out on Piggy. Without Piggy being there acting as a kind of punching bag for Jack, he would be unable to take out his anger and thus maybe lead to a more violent confrontation during the argument, leading to the situation worsening. Secondly, if Piggy wasn’t present in the scene where they needed his glasses to light his fire, they wouldn’t have found an easy way to relight it, thus Ralph might blame Jack even more for letting the fire out as they might miss another ship passing by during that time. Lastly, if he wasn’t present in the scene where they were distributing the cooked meat around, not much would have changed, as he did not make much of an impact in that scene, only reminded Ralph and Simon that they did not take part in the hunt. Piggy served as a reminder of the contrast between the two opposing parties and the theme of the story, Ralph, Piggy and some others still being civilised while Jack and his choir being savages. With Piggy being absent, this difference will being even more highlighted due to a high chance of Jack becoming more violent during the confrontation.

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Ya Ting :

If Piggy were removed from the scene, the dynamics between the boys, especially between Ralph and Jack, would change heavily for the worse. Piggy serves as a kind of emotional scapegoat and buffer in their group. In this scene, Jack channels his frustration and anger toward Piggy, mocking and physically attacking him. This redirection of aggression, while cruel, temporarily diffuses the growing tension between Jack and Ralph. Without Piggy present, Jack would have no outlet for his hostility, increasing the likelihood of a direct confrontation with Ralph. This could escalate their disagreements into open conflict, breaking any remaining sense of cooperation. Piggy's absence would also eliminate the emotional distraction his humiliation provides for the other boys, especially the hunters. When Jack mocks Piggy, the boys laugh and momentarily forget the seriousness of the situation, such as the fire going out. Without Piggy to serve as that target, the tension would remain unresolved, making the atmosphere heavier and more hostile. Which can result in Jack and Ralph eventually fully turning against one another due to differing piorrities. They may sabotage each other’s efforts to survive. This split would weaken the group’s unity as a civilised group, less order, and lower their chances of survival, as energy would be spent not just battling each other. In short, Piggy's presence, though often undervalued by the boys, is crucial in holding together the boys and their differernces.

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kaiying and Nicole

If Piggy was removed from this scene, the emotional dynamic between Ralph and Jack would disappear. As Piggy is the victim as the boy's emotional and physical punching bag, he provides a sense of relief and a target for the boys to blame when something goes wrong. Because Jack sees Piggy as a weaker person, Jack treats Piggy terribly. Without Piggy being there for Jack to 'punch' and for him to act out his violence, Jack, not having an outlet for his frustration, may suppress it. This can later lead to a worse conflict between him and Ralph. Additionally, if Jack did not punch Piggy, the tension in this scene would not diffuse. After Jack mocked Piggy, the hunters started laughing, disregarding the conflict as their attention is now shifted to Piggy’s humiliation. If Piggy was not in this scene, Jack would not have anyone to mock and to make fun of, so the hunters would not be laughing, and therefore the tension before this scene would still persist on. All of them would continue to let the seriousness of their consequences sink in as they relight the fire again, and Jack would not be as loud as he was compared to when Piggy is in the scene.

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Imam & Garrick

If Piggy were absent from this scene, the emotional impact and foreshadowing of the theme of savagery would be less. When Jack punches Piggy and makes his glasses break, this makes the reader sympathetic for him, as he is quite soft compared to the other boys. Piggy also highlights how savage Jack and the hunters have become. Jack and his hunters are chanting repeatedly, “Kill the pig, slit her throat, spill her blood,” this shows how far they’ve come since they ran off to hunt. This heavily contrasts Piggy, who is still relatively tame and civilised. His glasses breaking is also representative of how civilisation and logic is losing its grasp over the boys, and foreshadowing the spiral into savagery that the boys eventually succumb to. In conclusion, Piggy gives a gauge to the reader how far into savagery and how beastly the boys have become, and without him, the contrast of the boys, how different they are from the start to where they are now might not be so apparent.

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If Piggy was removed from this scene, Jack would not have had a physical target for his anger after the missed opportunity to maintain the fire and signal the passing ship. Without Piggy to lash out at, Jack might have turned his aggression towards Ralph, potentially escalating into a more direct and damaging conflict between the two leaders. Piggy’s presence, as a frequent scapegoat and symbol of weakness in Jack’s eyes, provides Jack with an outlet for his frustration. When Jack punches Piggy in the stomach and mocks him, the tension of the moment is temporarily diffused. The hunters begin to laugh at Piggy’s humiliation “Piggy and the parody were so funny that the hunters began to laugh” which shifts the group’s mood and averts further confrontation. In comparison, before Jack mocked and made fun of piggy, the group is overwhelmed by the seriousness of their failure “One of the smaller hunters began to wail. The dismal truth was filtering through to everyone.” Piggy’s role is therefore crucial in this scene, his mistreatment not only reflects the growing cruelty among the boys but also broke then tension in that moment, preserving the fragile balance between Ralph and Jack for now.

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Grace

1. If piggy were removed from this scene, there’s many different things that could happen and it is difficult to predict. One thing that could happen is Ralph keeps on repeating his point about Jack letting the fire out, which would make Jack angry, causing Ralph to be punched by Jack. The reason why Jack punched Piggy was probably because Jack sees Piggy as someone who is of a lower class than him, and does not respect Piggy. Piggy also kept on emphasising on the fact that Jack could have let the fire burning which is logical as they need the fire to signal to others. If Piggy weren’t there, Ralph and Simon could be influenced by Jack and his hunters and descend into savagery as Ralph doesn’t try as hard as Piggy to stand up for himself. The tension in this scene won’t be as tense as compared to when Piggy is in the scene.

2. Ralph would likely resent Jack more. If Piggy weren’t there to stand up for Ralph, Ralph would likely not stand up for himself either. He would have a lot of resentment towards Jack for not listening to his personal and important desire to be saved from the deserted island. Since Jack would probably not listen to him, Ralph would feel even more disrespected and unimportant. This could cause Ralph to pent up more anger and might do something drastic or descend into savagery as a result, which could create more tension between Jack and Ralph.

3. Piggy is important as his glasses are a symbol of wisdom, and he tries his best to stand up for Ralph. (1) When Jack smacked Piggy’s head and caused his glasses to fall, it elucidates the fact that Jack is very stubborn and blatantly ignores wisdom. This is important as it foreshadows how Jack and his hunters would continue to become even more savage and cause more damage to others and their environment. This is because their personal desire to hunt and kill will eventually overtake the importance of survival and getting back to their homeland safely. (2) Jack kept on talking about his hunting experience, despite feeling the gravity of Ralph’s words. Since Ralph was ignored, Piggy repeated what Ralph had said to try and emphasise the importance of Ralph’s words. Piggy is important for Ralph’s point to be brought across to everyone else so they would be more aware of what is going on now and the importance of keeping the fire alive so that they may have a chance to be saved. Without Piggy, Ralph would likely not stand up for himself, which may result in Jack and his hunters to continue with their savage activities without understanding the fact that they need to be saved.

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wen Qing

If Piggy were removed from this scene, we will not able to see the contrast that highlights how savage the other boys have become. Piggy represents logic, innocence, he had qualities that none of the other boys had. His presence allows us to compare him with the others and see just how far they have been chaotic. Piggy is unique: he is intelligent, physically different. However, the other boys do not value him and often bully or ignore him. This mistreatment unites them against a common target, which actually strengthens their group bond while isolating Piggy. His role is essential because he remains largely unchanged throughout the story. As the other boys lose their morality, Piggy becomes a constant reference point, showing us just how much the other boys had changed. His reactions to things help build tension, and even when the boys ignore him, sometimes their responses to him creates conflicts. Piggy helps maintain the balance between savagery and civilisation, he is always on Ralph’s side, savagery will take over more if he was not there. Ralph will be more isolated if Piggy is not there to support him and may not even be the leader, Jack will, since more people there will be like Jack.

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Yuuki

If Piggy was removed from this scene, Ralph and Jack might not work together anymore and they might turn against each other. In the scene, Ralph and Jack were already in a disagreement that was slowly angering the both of them. This would have resulted in violence as Jack is a ruthless person and Ralph had no intentions to stop proving his point that Jack was in the wrong for letting the fire out if it wasn’t for Piggy to take the anger that Jack was holding in. With the way this scene might have played out if Piggy wasn’t around, Ralph and Jack wouldn’t see each other as friends anymore and they might even sabotage eachother in the future. This would affect the survival rate for the boys in the island as there would be lesser manpower for both Ralph’s side and Jack’s side and both sides would not only have to look out for the dangers of the island but they would also have to look out for eachother.

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zishan

If Piggy were removed from this scene, Jack wouldn’t have a vessel to take his anger out on as he punched Piggy. Although Ralph and Piggy along with some other boys were on the same page, both upset about the fire being let out, Jack took his anger from being humiliated out on Piggy instead of anyone else. Piggy’s dialogue although additional to what others say, drives the boys to reflect on their actions and think deeper. That links back to him being the symbol of wisdom. Although not respected, his words evokes a sense of thought in the boys in important scenes. Jack’s violence, physical and verbal, is mostly taken out on Piggy and ironically hunting the pig. If Piggy were removed, Jack would have more pent-up violence and bloodlust, his behaviour might be more aggressive and violent . The boys would furthermore, only acknowledge Ralph's statements without much of a thought, as although Ralph is respected, he is not quite as wise as Piggy. Hence Piggy is important in scenes, and without him Jack would be more violent and certain ideas may not get through to the boys.

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vyanne

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vyanne and deannie

If Piggy were removed from the scene where he cries and Jack punches him, the emotional and sympathy impact would be lessened as. Piggy represents wisdom and his presence highlights the brutality of Jack’s actions and shows how far the group has descended into savagery. Without Piggy, there would be no morality to Jack’s violence, making the scene less powerful. His humiliation also deepens Ralph’s sense of isolation, as Piggy is one of his only supporters. The scene would lose its emotional weight and its strong message about the breakdown of order and the triumph of cruelty over reason. Piggy’s presence is essential in showing the collapse of civilization on the island.

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Verlene and Muzfirah

1) if piggy was removed, they wouldn’t find one another so early as piggy was the one who teach Ralph how to use the conch. Eventually they would find one another but it will be after a very long time and by then the kid would probably died as they eat something poisonous or dehydration.

2) without piggy specs they wouldn’t have the fire, and the scene where Ralph got mad at jack for letting the fire out, it wouldn’t happen. And they will feel angry at themselves or push the blame to one another, as they cannot be notice by the ship resulting being unable to be rescued.

3) To be continued.

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Min Er

The dynamics would be more violent between Ralph and Jack. Piggy was the one who was more mature among all the boys. Although nothing much would change between the story plot of piggy weren’t present, the tension would be more higher. In chapter 4, jack would take out his anger towards piggy which is what releases some of the tension between Ralph and Jack as the attention is directed to Piggy getting smacked ad his glasses breaking. Piggy is a character who balances out Ralph, the chief, the golden child, and Jack, the boy who soon gets corrupted. Piggy provided a sense of chivalry, even to Jack. I believe that if Piggy were not present in the story, the tension between jack and Ralph would be higher and the possibility of Jack returning back to being civil at the end of the story would bear less likely. Ralph would also not have someone got rely on during meetings for intellectual knowledge. Piggy was the only mature and intelligent boy, which helped Ralph in making smarter decisions. Without piggy, Ralph wouldn’t be able to handle situations like starting the fire and building the huts. The fire would also not be there without piggy glasses, hence the boys would not be able to ever get help because there wouldn’t be a fire as a signal.

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Andrea

Without the presence of Piggy in this scene, the hunters who are aware of the consequences of their action of putting out the fire but argues that they had their reasons as seen from how Jack says “We needed meat” due to them not wanting to lose face will not cause an act of violence as Piggy’s bitter complaints tears the hunters’ sense of dignity as Piggy’s complaints pointed out the hunters’ wrongdoings. I think there will also be a lack of sense of emotion, the desperation on how the boys could’ve been rescued and Ralph would not be able to argue back against the group of hunters.

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Luoyi

If Piggy was absent in the scene, the scene might be less tense because whatever piggy says is just adding up to what the other boys are saying, like “ I can’t see no smoke” and stating that Ralph and Simon did not hunt as well. Him saying that he could not see smoke only added more anxiety and made Ralph more anxious and him stating that Ralph and Simon did not hunt added up to the tension between the boys by pointing out that Jack is being mean to him only and discriminating him as even if there were some people that did hunt as well, he was the only one that did not get meat, and if Piggy was not being punched by Jack, Jack might have beaten up or punched someone else like Ralph or Simon, which will cause the relationship between the boys to be broken, as Jack punching Piggy is only because he is mad and Ralph but he does not dare to punch Ralph, and Piggy just said something that irritated him, and Piggy became the person that Jack could put his anger on.

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Nabila

If Piggy was removed from the scene, Jack would not have had a target to push the blame to. Jack would have formed a grudge against Ralph, due to the humiliation he caused Jack to have. This could cause a change in plot where Jack continues to go against Ralph’s orders, despite Ralph’s role as the leader, and cause major disruptions to the boys’ escape strategy. Furthermore, I fear the tension between Jack and Ralph would build up and eventually, cause more ‘collateral damage’ to either the other boys or the island itself, which would inevitably cost their survival or escape from the island.

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Ellyn

If piggy was removed from this scene, the tension would be reduced as his dialogues are often unnecessary, stirring extra tension or anger from the situation due to his obliviousness. However, if piggy were removed, jack would not have a person lower in status to release his anger on after Ralph implied disappointment towards him which may lead to pent up hatred (which may lead to quicker turn to savagery) as jack respects Ralph enough to not result to violence towards him directly. Piggy’s character is essential to point out the obvious or using intellect which is a symbol of remaining sanity.

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Urtiya

If Piggy was removed from the scene, the only one who would be angering Jack is Ralph, however we very well know that chances are Jack wouldn’t dare to take out his anger on Ralph and even if he did odds are it wouldn’t end up well for Jack, Hence if piggy wasn’t in this scene Jack wouldn’t have a way to release his anger and we as the readers wouldn’t have been able to see the violent side of him at play. Jack not being able to release his anger onto Piggy could also result in pent up fury in Jack on Ralph specifically which could result into something worse, so in a way Piggy was a stress relieving punching bag for Jack

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Tiffany & Ranice

If Piggy were to be removed from the scene, the emotional impact would lessen, as he is both a target for Jack’s aggression and a voice of reason supporting Ralph. Without Piggy, Ralph would be more isolated in his leadership, and Jack’s dominance might rise unchecked. The breaking of Piggy’s glasses, a key symbol of logic and civilization, would not occur, delaying the group’s descent into savagery. Piggy’s role emphasizes the conflict between order and chaos, making the scene far less powerful without him.

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What would happen if Piggy was removed from this scene?

How would affect the dynamics of the relationships in this scene? Why is it important that he is there?

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Zhuoyang

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Imam

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Min Er

This scene is when Ralph meets with Jack and his hunters and he sees them chanting “kill the pig, cut her throat, spill her blood.” It is here that Ralph has seen what has become of Jack and his hunters after they had spilled blood.

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hyuwen

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kaiying

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Urtiya

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Luo Yi

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The shadow is there to show how Ralph easily spotted Jack from the boys

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Nicole

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Ralph, Simon, Maurice, Piggy on the pink cliff looking down on the unfriendly side of the mountain. They were watching the procession near the water’s edge

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Ralph when he saw the ship pass and that the fire is put out.

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Nabila

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Ralph looking angrily at jack and his procession.with the ship fading into the horizon in the background 

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Destinee

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Muzfirah

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Desperate boys who found out the fire was out

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Scene from page 85 when Ralph screams “Come back! Come back!” To the ship that clearly can’t hear him

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Yuuki