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Learning styles are the methods that people use to understand and remember information. By identifying your students’ learning styles, you can create course materials that suit their preferences.(Pashler et al., 2008)

A student-centered approach ensures that teaching methods accommodate diverse learners, promoting active participation and deeper understanding.

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A. Goal:

1. Provide multiple pathways for students to demonstrate understanding.

2. Integrate student choice into learning activities to enhance motivation.

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Goal: Provide multiple pathways for students to demonstrate understanding (Kholidah, Maryani, & Latifah, 2024).

Activity: Students choose between three options to demonstrate understanding:

Create an infographic/poster (visual)

Record a short podcast explaining the concept (auditory)

Design a physical model or perform a skit (kinesthetic)

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Goal: Integrate student choice into learning activities to enhance motivation.

To cater to different learning preferences, teachers can integrate various instructional strategies into their lessons.(Tomlinson, 2014)

Activities for Different Learning Styles

1. Visual Learners

Use infographics, diagrams, or charts to explain key concepts.

Show educational videos or animations related to the topic.

2. Auditory Learners

Use storytelling, songs, or rhymes to reinforce learning.

Provide access to audiobooks or recorded lectures.

3. Reading/Writing Learners

Assign reflective journal writing or structured note-taking.

Use reading assignments, articles, or case studies.

4. Kinesthetic Learners

Include hands-on experiments, simulations, or manipulatives.

Organize role-playing activities or interactive games.

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Assignment: Show What You Know!

Task: Choose one of the following options to showcase your understanding of a key theme from the novel/story/poem we studied in class.

Option 1: Create an Infographic/Poster (Visual Learners) 🎨

Choose a central theme from the text (e.g., "Friendship," "Overcoming Adversity," "Identity").

Design a visually appealing infographic or poster that includes:

A brief explanation of the theme.

Three examples from the text that support the theme.

Relevant images, symbols, or colors that represent the theme.

Tools you can use: Canva, Google Slides, PowerPoint, or hand-drawn posters.

Option 2: Record a Podcast (Auditory Learners) 🎙️

Record a 3-5 minute podcast where you:

Introduce the theme and explain why it's important in the text.

Discuss two or three moments in the story that highlight this theme.

Share your own thoughts: How does this theme connect to real life?

Speak clearly and confidently and use background music if possible.

Tools you can use: Voice Recorder app, Audacity, Anchor.fm

Option 3: Perform a Skit or Build a Model (Kinesthetic Learners) 🎭

Choose a scene from the text that strongly represents the theme.

Option A: Skit

Write a short script and act out a scene that explores the theme.

You can work alone or in a group (max 3 people).

Record your performance or present it live!

Option B: Model

Build a 3D model or diorama that represents the theme.

Include a written explanation (100 words) about how your model connects to the theme.

Tools you can use: Cardboard, Play-Doh, recyclable materials, or digital modeling tools.

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4 Types of Learning Styles With Ideas for the ESL Classroom | Visual, Kinesthetic, Auditory & More

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Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(3), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x

Tomlinson, C. A. (2014). The differentiated classroom: Responding to the needs of all learners (2nd ed.). ASCD.

Kholidah, N., Maryani, I., & Latifah, A. (2024). Effectiveness of differentiated learning approaches based on learning styles in improving science learning outcomes: A case study at SD Muhammadiyah Noyokerten, Sleman. Journal of Social and Community Development, 1(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.56741/jscd.v1i01.653