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Who: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucy Stone united their rival organizations (NWSA and AWSA) to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association. What: The merger created the largest and most powerful women's suffrage organization in American history. When: February 18, 1890. Where: Columbus, Ohio, during a unity convention. Why: The split between the two organizations had weakened the suffrage movement for 20 years. This merger occurred because leaders realized they needed to combine forces to achieve voting rights. This event was significant because it created a unified national strategy and gave the movement the organizational strength needed to eventually win the 19th Amendment.

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1893: Colorado Grants Women Full Suffrage

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1893: Colorado Grants Women Full Suffrage

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Who: Colorado male voters, NAWSA organizers including Carrie Chapman Catt, and local suffrage groups. What: Colorado became the first state to grant women full voting rights through a popular referendum. When: November 7, 1893. Where: Throughout Colorado state. Why: This victory occurred due to NAWSA's strategic campaign work and support from Populist Party members who believed women would support their reforms. This was significant because it proved that organized campaigns could win voting rights and provided a model for future state-by-state strategies that NAWSA would use nationwide.

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Who: NAWSA organizers, Idaho Populist Party leaders, and male voters. What: Idaho became the fourth state (after Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado) to grant women full voting rights. When: November 3, 1896. Where: Throughout Idaho state. Why: The victory came after NAWSA learned from their Colorado success and adapted their campaign strategies. The Populist Party again supported women's suffrage, believing women would vote for economic reforms. This was significant because it demonstrated that NAWSA's state-by-state strategy could work repeatedly and showed the growing momentum of the suffrage movement in western states.

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1900: Carrie Chapman Catt Becomes NAWSA President

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1900: Carrie Chapman Catt Becomes NAWSA President

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Who: Carrie Chapman Catt, NAWSA delegates, and Susan B. Anthony (who stepped down). What: Catt was elected as the new president of NAWSA, bringing fresh leadership and strategic thinking. When: February 1900. Where: Washington, D.C., at the NAWSA annual convention. Why: Susan B. Anthony chose to step down after decades of leadership, and the organization needed someone who could modernize their approach. Catt was chosen because of her proven organizing skills and political acumen. This was significant because Catt would transform NAWSA into a more professional, strategic organization and eventually lead it to victory with the 19th Amendment.

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Who: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founding mother of the women's rights movement and NAWSA co-founder. What: Stanton died at age 86, ending a lifetime of advocacy for women's rights. When: October 26, 1902. Where: New York City, New York. Why: Though her death was due to natural causes, it marked the end of an era for the women's movement. This was significant because Stanton had been fighting for women's rights since the 1840s Seneca Falls Convention, and her death symbolized the passing of leadership from the founding generation to a new generation of suffragists who would complete the work she started.

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1904: Catt Steps Down, Anna Howard Shaw Takes Over

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1904: Catt Steps Down, Anna Howard Shaw Takes Over

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Who: Anna Howard Shaw, Carrie Chapman Catt, and NAWSA membership. What: Shaw became NAWSA's new president after Catt stepped down to care for her ill husband. When: 1904. Where: NAWSA national convention. Why: Catt needed to step away from public life temporarily due to personal obligations, and Shaw was chosen for her powerful speaking abilities and medical degree, which gave her credibility. This was significant because Shaw would lead NAWSA for over a decade during a crucial period, though her leadership style differed greatly from Catt's strategic approach.

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Who: Susan B. Anthony, the most famous suffragist in American history and NAWSA co-founder. What: Anthony died at age 86, just weeks after her final suffrage speech where she said 'Failure is impossible.' When: March 13, 1906. Where: Rochester, New York. Why: Anthony's death was due to heart failure and pneumonia, but it galvanized the suffrage movement as supporters vowed to continue her work. This was significant because Anthony had become the symbol of women's suffrage, and her death created a sense of urgency among suffragists to achieve the vote in her honor, leading to increased activism and fundraising.

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1907: Jeannette Rankin Begins Political Career

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1907: Jeannette Rankin Begins Political Career

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Who: Jeannette Rankin, Montana suffragist and future Congresswoman, along with NAWSA supporters. What: Rankin began her career as a professional suffrage organizer and speaker for NAWSA. When: 1907. Where: Initially in Montana, then traveling nationwide. Why: Rankin became involved because she believed women needed political power to create social reforms. Her work was significant because she represented a new generation of college-educated, professional women who brought fresh energy to NAWSA. Her later election to Congress in 1916 would prove that women could succeed in politics and help convince others that women deserved the vote.

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1908: NAWSA Adopts State-by-State Strategy

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1908: NAWSA Adopts State-by-State Strategy

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Who: Anna Howard Shaw, NAWSA leadership, and state suffrage organizations. What: NAWSA officially adopted a comprehensive state-by-state campaign strategy rather than focusing only on a federal amendment. When: 1908. Where: Decided at NAWSA's national convention. Why: This strategy was adopted because progress on a federal amendment seemed impossible, but western states had shown that state campaigns could succeed. This was significant because it led to a series of state victories that would eventually create enough momentum and political pressure to make a federal amendment possible, proving that sometimes indirect approaches can achieve long-term goals.

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1910: Washington State Grants Women Suffrage

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1910: Washington State Grants Women Suffrage

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Who: Washington state voters, NAWSA organizers led by Emma Smith DeVoe, and local suffrage clubs. What: Washington became the fifth state to grant women full voting rights through a referendum. When: November 8, 1910. Where: Throughout Washington state. Why: The victory came after years of NAWSA organizing and a well-run campaign that emphasized women's moral influence and ability to clean up politics. This was significant because it ended a 14-year drought in state suffrage victories and proved that NAWSA's refined campaign strategies could work. It also created momentum for the major suffrage victories that would follow in the 1910s.