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1. “Health Profile Morocco.” World Life Expectancy, www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/country-health-profile/morocco.

2. “Mortality In the United States.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Dec. 2024, www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db521.htm#section_4.

3. Project, Borgen. “Six of the Most Common Diseases in Morocco.” The Borgen Project, Borgen Project https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.jpg, 28 May 2024, borgenproject.org/common-diseases-in-morocco/.

4. Ruger, J. P., & Kress, D. (2007). Health financing and insurance reform in Morocco. Health affairs (Project Hope), 26(4), 1009–1016. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.1009

5. Boutayeb A. (2006). Social inequalities and health inequity in Morocco. International journal for equity in health, 5, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-5-1

6. “Our Biggest Health Challenges.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 16 Nov. 2023, www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges.

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(1) The top 10 leading causes of death in Morocco are:

1. Coronary Heart Disease

2. Stroke

3. Hypertension

4. Kidney Disease

5. Diabetes Mellitus

6. Influenza and Pneumonia

7. Lung Disease

8. Breast Cancer

9. Lung Cancers

10. Alzheimers & Dementia

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Leading Causes of Death in the United States

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Leading Causes of Death in the United States

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(2) The 10 leading causes of death in the United States are:

1. Heart Disease

2. Cancer

3. Unintentional Injuries

4. Stroke

5. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

6. Alzheimers Disease

7. Diabetes

8. Kidney Disease

9. Chronic Liver Disease

10. Covid 19

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Major Health Issues/ Behaviors in Morocco

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Major Health Issues/ Behaviors in Morocco

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(3) Morocco has some problems with sanitation, so various foodborne, waterborne, and vectorborne diseases are common. Obesity is another major concern, with about 16% of the population being obese.

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Major Health Issuses/Behaviors in The United States

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Major Health Issuses/Behaviors in The United States

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(6) In the United States obesity is a big problem, and along with that, addiction and diabetes are also major health issues.

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Public and Private Health Care Financing/ Insurance Systems In Morocco

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Public and Private Health Care Financing/ Insurance Systems In Morocco

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(4) Mandatory health insurance (AMO) for formal sector workers (those with official employment contracts that are either public or private) which is jointly funded by employers and employees. RAMED for the poor (funded by the government) & Private insurance companies provide basic and or supplementary medical coverage

Private insurance system is limited to wealthier populations, it’s used for faster/better care in urban areas.

Approximately 30% of Morocco‘s population, lack any form of health insurance coverage.

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Public and Private Health Care Financing/ Insurance Systems in The United States

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Public and Private Health Care Financing/ Insurance Systems in The United States

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Medicare (seniors), Medicaid (low income), VA (veterans)- funded by federal and state taxes

Most insurance is private, employer sponsored, or via ACA marketplace.

8.2% of the population in the United States are uninsured.

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(7) Age distribution

Population of 334.9 million as of 2023

6% is between the ages of 0 and 4

10% is between the ages of 5 and 12

7% is between the ages of 13 and 17

9% is between the ages of 18 and 24

14% is between the ages of 25 and 34

13% is between the ages of 35 and 44

12% is between the ages of 45 and 54

13% is between the ages of 55 and 64

16% is aged 65 and above

Economics

Sits at a moderately high $82,769 per capita.

Social issues that can affect health

Disparities in access and quality of care available to consumers among urban and rural communities leading to delayed diagnoses and inadequate treatment.

Limited access to healthy food and recreational spaces free of environmental hazards (such as pollution) leading to a variety of chronic diseases (such as diabetes and other chronic heart conditions)

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(10) Age distribution

Population of 37.7 million as of 2023

8.4% is between the ages of 0 and 4.

14.2% is between the ages of 5 and 12.

8.4% is between the ages of 13 and 17.

10.8% is between the ages of 18 and 24.

15.0% is between the ages of 25 and 34.

14.3% is between the ages of 35 and 44.

11.6% is between the ages of 45 and 54.

9.0% is between the ages of 55 and 64.

8.2% is aged 65 and above.

Economics

Low income country with a GDP of 3,771 per capita compared to the U.S with 82,769 per capita.

Social issues that can affect health

Unemployment: 9% unemployment rate has led to wealth disparities and lack of access to common healthcare services for many middle/lower class families.

Civil unrest due to political tension among surrounding countries leading to mass casualty events and humanitarian crises

Water Scarcity: 2023 data collection places Morocco at 36% annual freshwater withdrawals  while America sits at 16%. This puts Morocco at a relatively moderate risk, however another natural disaster (such as the recent Al Haouz earthquake of 2023) could further exacerbate the problem.

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Morocco Healthcare Expenditures (per capita or percent of GDP)

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Morocco Healthcare Expenditures (per capita or percent of GDP)

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(8) Morocco spends about 5.74% of its general government expenditure on healthcare. While this may seem low, it actually ranks fairly when compared to countries (such as China’s 5.38% and Italy’s 9%) that spend similar percentages yet produce better results.

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U.S Healthcare expenditures (per capita or percent of GDP)

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U.S Healthcare expenditures (per capita or percent of GDP)

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(7) The United States spends about 16.57% of its government expenditure on healthcare. This ranks extremely high when compared to other countries (such as China’s 5.38% and Italy’s 9%) that spend much lower percentages yet produce better results.

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7. “United States.” World Bank Open Data,

https://data.worldbank.org/country/united-states

8. “Morocco .” World Bank Open Data,

https://data.worldbank.org/country/morocco

9. World Bank Open Data,

https://data.worldbank.org/indicatorSH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS

10. Kemp, Simon. “Digital 2024: Morocco - DataReportal – Global Digital Insights.” DataReportal, DataReportal – Global Digital Insights, 23 Feb. 2024,

datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-morocco.

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Benefits and Limitations of the Moroccan Healthcare System

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Benefits and Limitations of the Moroccan Healthcare System

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Benefits:

Public healthcare is free for the poorest populations (RAMED system).

Expansion of health infrastructure in rural areas.

Government has prioritized maternal and child health programs.

Limitations:

Overcrowding and limited access in rural regions.

Shortage of healthcare professionals.

Out-of-pocket expenses remain high for many citizens.

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Traditional medicine is still commonly practiced alongside modern care.

Medical tourism is growing slowly but limited to certain specialties.

Language barriers (Arabic, French) can impact communication in care delivery.

Urban vs. rural gap remains a critical issue.

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World Bank. Morocco Health System Improvement. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/04/06/morocco-health-system-improvement

OECD & WHO. (2022). Health at a Glance: MENA 2022. https://www.oecd.org/health/mena/health-at-a-glance-mena.htm

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Growth Rate

1.01%

Life expectancy

Total- 72.6 years old

Women- 73.7 years old

Male- 71.5 years old

Healthy Life Expectancy- The average number of years a person can expect to live in "Full Health"

Total- 62.3 years old

Women- 61.8 years old

Male- 62.8 years old

Mortality Rate

5.766%

The leading cause is Ischaemic Heart disease

Morbidity Rate

Prevalence of Diabetes- 9.2%

Heart Disease- 80%

Undernourishment- 6.3%

Infant Mortality Rate

14.80 per 1,000

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Delivery and Quality of Moroccan Healthcare System

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Delivery and Quality of Moroccan Healthcare System

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Morocco has mostly a public health delivery system (85%) and a private one (15%). However, private healthcare accounts for 60% of spending, and the public only 40%. There are not enough doctors or nurses, and many are maldistributed to urban areas, leaving rural areas struggling to find adequate healthcare and traveling long distances. There aren't enough medical supplies as well. There are 159 public hospitals compared to 400 private clinics. They do have a 7-year medical training program. There advancements in technology are struggling as well as they have difficulty with maintaining their health data and information, which makes it hard to make informed decision making and monitor healthcare quality; however, they are currently making reforms for the whole healthcare system as a whole, and they are seeing progress.

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Delivery and Quality of American Healthcare System

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Delivery and Quality of American Healthcare System

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The United States health delivery system is a mix of private and public. The private sector is more dominant and is primarily purchased by employers. The federal government plays a major role in the public sector, making programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, and CHIP for the more marginalized groups, such as low-income, elderly (over 65), poor, and children. The United States faces a shortage of doctors, nurses, and healthcare professionals. Hospitals or other corporate entities employ the majority. There are 6,093 hospitals in the US. There are 1,623 public hospitals, but the majority are private, about 2,845 for non-profit and 1,234 for profit. We are also seeing a shortage in medical supplies and medications, many of them being on backorder. However, our technological advancements in the healthcare industry are one of the best in the world.

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Growth Rate

0.49%- 0.57%

Life expectancy

Total- 76.4 years old

Women- 79.1 years old

Male- 73.7 years old

Healthy Life Expectancy- The average number of years a person can expect to live in "Full Health"

Total- 63.9 years old

Women- 65.1 years old

Male- 63.8 years old

Mortality Rate

9.80 per 1,000

Morbidity rate

Heart Disease- 21%

702,880

Cancer- 18.5%

608,371

Accidents- 6.9%

608,371

Infant Mortality Rate

5.40 per 1,000

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Authors Roosa Tikkanen, et al. “United States.” Home, 5 June 2020, www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/united-states

“The Best Healthcare in the World: Country Rankings.” International Citizens Insurance, 10 Jan. 2025, www.internationalinsurance.com/health/systems/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202024%20Mirror,dramatically%20lower%20than%20the%20others.

“Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index.” S&P Dow Jones Indices, www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/dow-jones-us-health-care-index/#overview.

“FASTSTATS - Leading Causes of Death.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Oct. 2024, www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm.

Harfaoui, Wafaa, et al. “The New Reform of the National Health System in Morocco: An Opportunity to Meet the Challenges and Improve the Practice of Anesthesiology.” Cureus, 8 Apr. 2024, www.cureus.com/articles/223850-the-new-reform-of-the-national-health-system-in-morocco-an-opportunity-to-meet-the-challenges-and-improve-the-practice-of-anesthesiology#.

Leading Causes of Death by Percent U.S. 2022 | Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/248619/leading-causes-of-death-in-the-us/.

Mahdaoui, Mohamed, and Najib Kissani. “Morocco’s Healthcare System: Achievements, Challenges, and Perspectives.” Cureus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 29 June 2023, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10386871/#:~:text=Despite%20significant%20progress%20in%20recent,high%20in%20Morocco%20%5B4%5D.

“Morocco - Healthcare.” International Trade Administration | Trade.Gov, www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/morocco-healthcare.

“Morocco Death Rate 1960-2025.” MacroTrends, www.macrotrends.net/countries/MAR/morocco/death-rate.

“Morocco.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, data.who.int/countries/504#:~:text=In%20Morocco%2C%20life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%20(years),72.6%20[72.1%20%2D%2073.2]%20years%20in%202021.&text=In%20Morocco%2C%20healthy%20life%20expectancy%20at%20birth,62.3%20[61.6%20%2D%2063.3]%20years%20in%202021.

“Quality of Life.” Cost of Living, www.numbeo.com/quality-of-life/country_result.jsp?country=United%2BStates.

Seager, Kieran. “Concerns for Secondary Health Crisis, as Quake-Affected People in Remote Areas of Morocco Struggle for Help - Uk-Med.” UK, 24 Jan. 2024, www.uk-med.org/2023/09/12/secondary-health-crisis-morocco/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CA%20disaster%20of%20this%20size,recreation%2C%20and%20meaningful%20life%20roles.

Thelwell, Kim. “4 Facts about Healthcare in Morocco.” The Borgen Project, Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/logo.jpg, 30 May 2024, borgenproject.org/healthcare-in-morocco/.

“U.S. Infant Mortality Rate 1950-2025.” MacroTrends, www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/usa/united-states/infant-mortality-rate.

“United States of America.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, data.who.int/countries/840

“The Best Healthcare in the World: Country Rankings.” International Citizens Insurance, 10 Jan. 2025, www.internationalinsurance.com/health/systems/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202024%20Mirror,dramatically%20lower%20than%20the%20others.

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Benefits and Limitations of the U.S Healthcare System

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Benefits and Limitations of the U.S Healthcare System

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Benefits

Advanced Medical Technology & Innovation

The U.S. leads globally in medical research, pharmaceutical development, and cutting-edge technologies.

World-Class Medical Specialists and Institutions

Access to highly trained specialists and world renowned hospitals such as Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Johns Hopkins.

Rapid Access in Emergency Situations

Emergency care is widely accessible and generally provided quickly, regardless of a patient’s ability to pay at the time.

Limitations

High Costs

The U.S. spends more per capita on healthcare than any other country, yet health outcomes (like life expectancy) are not always better. Out-of-pocket costs, insurance premiums, and prescription drug prices are also often very high.

Lack of Universal Coverage

Unlike many other developed countries, the U.S. does not have a universal healthcare system. Millions remain uninsured or underinsured.

Health Disparities

Income, geography, and insurance status significantly affect access to care and health outcomes.

Complexity

The system is difficult to navigate, with multiple payers (private insurers, Medicare, Medicaid) and complex billing procedures leaving many patients lost or choosing not to opt out of care altogether.

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Traditional medicine has been undervalued/unrepresnted in the American healthcare industry

The system includes a mix of public (like Medicare and Medicaid) and private insurance, making it complicated for patients to navigate and leading to coverage gaps.

Health outcomes vary significantly by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. For example, Black and Hispanic populations often face higher rates of chronic conditions and lower life expectancy.

The system tends to prioritize treating illness rather than preventing it, which can lead to higher long-term costs and worse outcomes.