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Read up on TB 105-107 to understand more about the definition of Cybersecurity Threats.

Additionally, for your case study that you have selected, classify the type of Cybersecurity threat that it showcases. Choose from:

Website Defacement

Phising

Malware Infection

(Read up on TB Pg 106 if you need a clearer idea on the definition of each type of security threat)

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Read up on TB Pg 95-101 to understand more about the definition of Transnational Terrorism.

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Title your post with the names of your group members

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Title your post with the names of your group members

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1. Form groups of 4-5 students. Decide on whether you would like to research on 1) transnational terrorism or 2) cybersecurity threats

2. Research and find a case study that showcase the security threat. Attach the link of the article that you have found on the case study

3. Answer the guiding questions regarding the case study found in the post below.

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1. Why is the case study that your group has selected an example of transnational terrorism / cybersecurity threats? (i.e. What are some characteristics in the case study that fulfill the definition of the security impacts?)

2. Is this case study carried out by an organisation, individual or country?

3. How do the drivers of globalisation (from Chap 8) enable the case study to happen?

4. What is the impact of this case study on:

Individuals

Businesses

Government/Society?

(Answer for all 3 aspects!)

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1. The case study that our group has selected is an example of cybersecurity threats as the meaning is harmful actions or events, whether intentional or accidental, that can compromise the security of an organization or individual's systems, data, or operations

an example and cyber threats are harmful to countries, organisations and individuals.

2. In this case study, cyber attacks are carried out by individuals. Phishing.

3. The drivers of globalisation enhances technology as more and more business are having the addition of an online business account where customers can set up a new account and cash in money to buy their products. This affects other people as other individuals phish to get their personal information to be able to hack in their accounts and cash out the money.

4. Individuals get their sensitive and personal information stolen such as their numbers, NRIC, bank account. Businesses have a loss in income, misinformation to their customers, reputations affected. The society is dangerous as more and more people wont trust.

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Daania :) , Yue Teng, Yu En, Kayla, Kelline

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Daania :) , Yue Teng, Yu En, Kayla, Kelline

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Case : On September 11, 2001, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City were struck by hijacked airplanes, leading to their collapse. It was carried out by al-Qaeda, an pan-Islamist militant organization.

The attack was were not a direct result of globalization's drivers. However, it did expose how globalization, with its increased interconnectedness and mobility, created vulnerabilities for large-scale attacks.

It impacted the US as it was a large scale attack that killed many. Hence, the Government took more actions in ensuring the safety of their country such as commencing immediate rescue operations at the World Trade Center site, grounding civilian aircraft, as well as beginning a long-term response that included official investigations, legislative changes, military action, and restoration projects.

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Q1. The case study involved multiple types of attacks, making it a complex case:

Data breach: Sensitive employee data, internal emails, and unreleased films were stolen and leaked.

Destructive malware: Hackers used wiper malware to delete data from Sony's systems, making recovery very difficult.

Extortion & threats: The hackers demanded Sony pull the movie The Interview, threatening attacks on theaters that showed it.

Q2. Organization

Q3. Technological advancements such as the widespread use of the internet and improving global communication networks allowed news of the case to spread worldwide, the organization was made aware of the incident even though they weren't directly involved. Thus they were able to access information to produce this case study

Q4. Individuals : Loss of privacy, personal data of thousands of employees were leaked, celebrities were exposed, leading to reputational damage and potential identity theft. Individuals who had their privacy violated experienced emotional damage.

Businesses: Sony lost over 100million dollars from the data breach. Trust between business partners was also affected.

Governments/society: The US government blamed North Korea for the cyber attack, leading to increased tensions between the governments.

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case study: 11 september 2001, 19 terrorists from Al-Qaeda hijacked four American aeroplanes and crashed them into various locations

1. This case study was carried out by an organisation

2. Due to technological advancement of social media to spread terrorist propaganda and recruit members. Social media is a global platform that connects people all over the world, allowing for easy communication to plan translational operations and obtain resources and funding.

3. Impact on individuals: loss of loved ones, homes, influenced by the different ideologies, changing their attitudes and beliefs. Lead to loss of jobs as businesses need to spend money on reparations.

Impact on businesses: The damaged infrastructure will cost a lot of money, leading to a decrease in profit and the businesses will have to cope by the retrenchment of workers.

Impact on government/society: Economic downturn due to the large amount of money needed for reparations of damaged infrastructure. Reputation affected as the government was unable to act quickly to respond to the terrorist attack.

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Case study : The 9/11 Attacks

Why is it transnational : the attackers were from different countries and they trained in Afghanistan and operated in the U.S. They took advantage, of their freedom and ability to fly to different countries.

Organisation : al-Queda

Impacts : affects the entire country, as it killed many, caused economic loss, and grievances. This also impacted other countries indirectly

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https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/156k-lost-to-ez-link-and-simplygo-phishing-scams-since-march-1

This case study that we have selected talks about how an organisation set up fake websites with enticing promotions to attract people to click onto the link and key in their credit cards details to be able to receive the free gifts from the promotion. Phishing is a form of a cybersecurity threat in an attempt to acquire sensitive data. Hence, this case study is a form of a cybersecurity.

2. an organisation carried it out

3. Technological advancements

development in digital technology has caused the spread of such fake news to a wide range of people and have found ways to edit the website to look real which makes people believe them and therefore, tech has open the doors for such issues to occur.

Impact of case study on,

Individuals:

-people who get scammed lose money

Businesses:

-affected as people may think that it is the actual website and buy these deals when there actually is not a deal

Government:

-have to take action to reduce the impact and also have to warn people of it

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$156k lost to EZ-Link and SimplyGo phishing scams since March 1

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At least 97 such cases have been reported within the month. Read more at straitstimes.com. Read more at straitstimes.com.

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1. 9/11

2. organisation, al-qaeda

3. the motive was to take revenge for americas military involvment in the middle east

4. the loved ones will be very sad

-businesses will have to rebuild infrastructure as the planes crashed into them.

-society will feel scared as something like this might happen again and people of similar religion or ethnic backgrounds of the terrorists may face hate crimes.

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The case study is about an individual being scammed of 1400 euros through credit card transactions.

Guiding Questions:

1. It is an example of phishing. The case study shows an attempt from the perpetrator to acquire sensitive data, like the credit card number from the victims, through fake email links and SMS to obtain important information like the OTP (one-time password). The attacker is pretending to be a lawful employee of the bank.

2. Organization.

3. It is with the advancement of digital technology. Many of our daily activities are carried online, including internet banking and keeping our money online. The improvement in technology have also made it easier for people to access and store information online.

4. Impact on

Individuals: Privacy concerns, would be wary and fearful when putting sensitive information online

Businesses: Loss in income, loss of customers, reputational damages

Government/Society: Dangerous, not trustworthy, government lose trust

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Hazel, Stacie (aka chloe kek), Kloe, Ilyssa

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Hazel, Stacie (aka chloe kek), Kloe, Ilyssa

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1. Transnational Terrorism arises when terrorists take advantage of these conditions of globalisation and attack beyond their country's borders to achieve their objectives and operation. This example is a transnational terrorism as the 4 hijackers from Pakistan took advantage of the plane flying demanded that the captain fly the plane to Sydney. They also threatened to bomb the plane if the plane landed in Singapore.

2. It is carried by an organisation as the hijackers were claiming to be part of the Pakistan People's Party.

3. The drivers are advancement to transportation and technology which allows people to easily travel through different countries which allowed this hijacked to happen

4. Individuals:
- The immediate impact was traumatic, with lives endangered during the hijacking. The successful rescue operation, however, ensured their safety. The incident heightened public awareness about aviation security and the potential risks associated with international travel. It may also cause controversy.

Businesses:
- The hijacking underscored the need for stringent security measures, leading to increased investments in aviation security protocols and training. Such incidents can temporarily affect the perception of safety, potentially impacting tourist arrivals and related businesses. It may scare the public from travelling overseas due to the hijacking incident.

Government/Society:
-The government's effective response showcased its commitment to national security, leading to enhanced counter-terrorism strategies and inter-agency coordination. Singapore's decisive handling of the crisis bolstered its international reputation as a secure and well-governed nation, potentially influencing foreign investment and diplomatic relations.

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Hijacking of Singapore Airlines flight SQ 117