# data[].attributes.body
risk: the Olympic committee in Japan are trying to evict the homeless people that are living near the Olympic arena by threatening to remove their belongings.

inequality: Japan is trying to show foreigners how clean and well maintained the country is, and have even told the homeless to just hide themselves during the Olympic games.

Individualisation: As the Olympic committee are evicting the homeless people from their usual spots, they are forced to pack their things and move several times. This causes them distress as they have to constantly be on the lookout for the officials that might evict them again.

Precarity: Instead of helping their homeless citizens, Japan has abandoned them and cause them more problems by evicting them from their homes that are near the Olympic Arenas. Most of the homeless in Japan are elderly and unvaccinated, which is a risk to them if they stay in a shelter.

Visibility: As the homeless have nowhere to go, they have to reside in public areas, which is a risk for them to be evicted again.

Syifaa

# data[].attributes.body
Risk- Prone to accidents. Unstable job demand because there are many other Go-Jek drivers. Can only work when there is a proper and licensed bike.
Individualization - Works need to deal with risks and customer satisfaction.
Visibility - The working space and efforts might be harsh and demanding.
Precarity - Drivers are more prone to sickness because they are exposed to driving people.
Inequality - Workers have limited resources - To finance for the gases and for fixing their bike.

- Kelly

# data[].attributes.body
Increased Individualisation
- may be more isolated from their communities and support networks due to increased security measures and restrictions on public spaces.

Heightened Visibility
- may become more visible during the Olympics due to increased media attention and the influx of visitors. This can lead to further stigma and discrimination, as well as an increased risk of harassment and abuse.

Precarity
- may face precarious living condition such as lack of access to safe and stable housing, limited access to healthcare, and limited access to social services.

Inequality
- may face significant inequalities in terms of access to resources and services compared to other groups in society. This can lead to a cycle of poverty and marginalization that is difficult to escape.

Risk
- may face various risks, such as increased exposure to extreme weather conditions, increased competition for resources, and heightened risk of violence and abuse.

Janyse

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: The vulnerability of low income families (in this case the women?) who are struggling to search for income, thus being a gojek driver and increasing their living status and monthly income to support their families.

Individualisation: Needing to take responsibilities of their families while both working and nurturing the children.

Visibility: Due to Gojek, there is a future in jobs in which they can support their families

Precarity: Being a Gojek driver is unstable and if there’s more individuals becoming a driver then they will also get less individually.

Inequality: low income households in Indonesia are struggling to even find jobs with minimum wage thus Gojek are giving opportunities to many people.

-Calista

# data[].attributes.body
inequality: stigmatism around hiring people with disability is common amongst many organisations hence they do not get enough opportunities to get a proper job or even a proper pay.

risk: there is a risk of getting fired if work is not up to standard

individualism: these people need to take care of themselves at work

precarity: worrying about job security, mistreatment or welfare

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: People with disabilities are at risk of experiencing discrimination and marginalization in the workplace due to their disability. This can take the form of physical barriers to access the workplace, such as inaccessible buildings or transportation, as well as attitudinal barriers, such as negative stereotypes and biases against people with disabilities.

Inequality: There is a significant inequality gap in employment rates and earnings between people with and without disabilities in the USA.

Individualisation: People with disabilities may not receive the accommodations they need to perform their job effectively, or may be seen as a burden or cost to employers.

Precarity: People with disabilities are more likely to experience job insecurity, such as temporary or part-time work, as well as a lack of benefits and protections.

Visibility: People with disabilities are often invisible in the workplace, both in terms of their representation and their needs. This can make it difficult for them to advocate for their rights and needs, as well as for employers to identify and address barriers to inclusion.

# data[].attributes.body
Vulnerable Group: Homeless people in Japan (Particularly in the region near the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, where the Tokyo Olympics were held.

Risk:
The Tokyo Olympics Organising committee are evicting the homeless people around the Olympic Stadium premises, without considerations of the plight that the homeless people are currently in.

Individualisation:
The homeless people in Japan need to take responsibilities and deal with the risks, with little to no social support.

Precarity:
Constant eviction of homeless people through lighting up the local parks and issuing eviction notices, creates an unstable living condition for this vulnerable group

Invisibility:
The homeless were told to hide themsleves away from the public eye, while the Olympic games were being held

Inequality:
Resources invested in providing shelter to the homeless were scarce, and did not take into consideration the issues that the homeless faced. Unvaccinated Individuals, Cramped Living Spaces.

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: Homeless individuals face various risks related to their living conditions, such as exposure to harsh weather, violence, and illness. Due to the possibility that they lack access to social services or legal protection, individuals run the risk of being used and abused.

Inequality: When disadvantaged individuals and groups do not have access to affordable housing, healthcare, and education, homelessness frequently results. People who are homeless are more likely to experience prejudice and have less prospects for social mobility.

Precarity: People who are homeless experience precarity, which is characterized by unstable and uncertain living circumstances. They could not have access to basic essentials like food and water, and they run the risk of losing their possessions or having to relocate a lot.

Visibility: People who are homeless frequently experience social invisibility because the larger community stigmatizes and disregards them. It may be challenging for those who are homeless to seek resources and support because of this lack of visibility.

Individualisation: Instead of being seen as a communal problem, homelessness is frequently seen as an individual issue. Instead of addressing the systemic causes of homelessness, this individualization can result in blaming and stigmatization of homeless people.

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: Sexual minorities do not feel accepted in the society, as they are judged and treated differently. The bullied ones are 7 times more likely than their peers to attempt suicide.

Individualisation: These group of people are expected to face the consequences for being different.

Visibility: It may not be obvious what one's sexual orientation or sexual identity is.

Precarity: Although Thailand seems to accept the act of sex change, sexual minorities are still not treated equally as others.

Inequality: 6 in 10 young LGBT thais are still being bullied due to their sexual orientation / gender identity. Transgender women are regularly and disproportionately assaulted in thailand

# data[].attributes.body
Risk
- Inability to continue picking cardboard which is part of her daily morning routine to earn some pocket money for herself and even an allowance when her grandchildren visit. Mdm Yin's age is catching up, leading to discomforts such as frequent body aches.
Individualization:
- Elderlies are insistent on being independent instead of troubling their children
Visibility
-  Cardboard picking needs Mdm Yin to move around the neighbourhood without a specific workplace she is designated to. There are NGOs that are helping these elderlies in poverty, they provided a place for them to gather and eat, making them feel less lonely.
Precarity:
- Cardboard picking does not pay much, till the extent that she could barely give 1,000 won to her grandchildren
Inequality:
- Inequality is present as there are blind spots in the South Korean system where elderlies with children would not be entitled to various financial schemes to help them as they are assumed that their children will financially support their own parents.

# data[].attributes.body
Risk:
People with disabilities are more likely to face unemployment issues.

Precarity:
Disabled workers are not protected by the minimum wage legislation, and can sometimes be exploited for cheap labour.

Visibility:
The bullying or unfair treatment of disabled workers might not be seen in public.

Individualisation:
Disabled workers need to learn how to work in a society/community for 'normal' people.

Inequality:
Disabled workers are not given the same opportunities at jobs they want to pursue.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Visibility: The favelas are often neglected by the government and lack adequate resources and infrastructure, which makes it difficult to implement effective measures to prevent the spread of the virus and to provide support to those affected.

2. Precarity:  home to many individuals who are already vulnerable due to underlying health conditions, such as respiratory illnesses, malnutrition, and limited access to heal

3. Inequality: The crowded living conditions, lack of access to healthcare, and limited sanitation in the favelas make it easy for the virus to spread rapidly. In contrast to wealthy brazilians that can easily self distance

4. Risk: Rio favelas are informal settlements in Brazil with slum-like conditions, which is a structural hazard to residences. This was further exasperated by requiring lock downs

5. Individualisation:  The favelas have limited resources and infrastructure, making it difficult for residents to access basic necessities and to recover from the pandemic. However, they can try their best to sanitise and self distance the best they can

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: Covid-19 cases are increasing in Rio's favelas due to wealthy travellers returning to Brazil with the virus after their vacations. Hence, spreading the virus to vulnerable populations

Inequality: Residents in the favelas are not well informed of the dangers of the virus and do not have access to healthcare resources. The favelas are also cramped and crowded, leaving little room for isolation if needed.

Precarity: Residents of the Favelas have to continue working at private clubs where affluent people are spreading the virus.

Visibility: The favelas are not prioritised in the battle of the pandemic and are often hidden away. Authorities take several days to treat them or even collect the bodies of those who have died from Covid

Individualisation: Favela residents need to try to manage their risks and scrimp for sanitisers and masks to protect themselves.

-Aarti

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Risk: No place for homeless people to stay.
Inequality: Limited access to resources in the country.
Precarity: Unstable living conditions and limited access to health care.
Visibility: Homeless people are often disregarded. Hence, their social and living space might not be visible to society.
Individualisation: Homeless people must deal with their responsibilities and risks with little help.

Jasmine

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Risk: Leaving her previous employment, which was stable but pays less, opens her to risk in terms of safety and security. For example, she won’t get paid if she is sick as she is doing freelance.

Individualism: She needs to take responsibility for complaints against her service and deal with the risks involved on her own

Visibility: The troubles she faced in her previous employment,( ie. low income and not being able to support her family well) were not visible to others.

Precarity: Although Grab pays more, she is in unstable and unprotected working conditions (ie. open to accidents, pay depends on whether she can find customers, high uncertainty)

Inequality: She has no social support and limited resources available. She cares for her children, her household and needs to work in order to support her family.

- Ayesha

# data[].attributes.body
The homeless population in Japan is a visibly vulnerable group who face risk due to their living conditions and lack of access to basic needs such as food and healthcare. They are often invisible to society and are not recognized as a vulnerable group in terms of policy and social services. The individualization of risks in modern society means that these individuals are often left to fend for themselves, without institutional support. Their invisibility and precarity are further amplified during large events such as the Olympics where they are often displaced without proper resources or support. The inequality faced by the homeless population in terms of access to basic resources and support puts them at a further disadvantage.
- Bao Wen

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Risk: Mdm Yim living by herself after her husband's death, Environmental conditions changes dependent on the season but it does not stop such seniors from working

Inequality: Seniors have to continue picking up cardboard to attain a stable income

Individualisation: Seniors want to be responsible for their own life by staying active

Precarity: Living and health conditions are deteriorating due to work but Mdm Yim does not wish to tell their children because she does not want them to worry

Visibility: Mdm Yim's (and other seniors) situation is not visible in the society as she does not get paid the seniors' pension due to her having children + the society assumes that seniors like Mdm Yim would be taken care/in contact with her children

# data[].attributes.body
Risk- housing market issue (may not be seen in the video); urban policies ignore the group/populations (may not be seen in the video); economic recessions in Japan (may not be seen in the video)

Individualisation in risk society- homeless became more or less a person issue (may not be seen in the video)

Visibility- staying in some corners, under the bridges, parks etc.; politically invisible; some communities tried to help them

Precarity- collected things for a living; no permanent and safe places to stay; no family or friends' support (may not be been in the video).

Inequality- economically disadvantaged; no health care

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: People of disabilities face a much higher risk of being unemployed compared to other individuals

Individualisation: Disabled individuals need to adapt to the work environment and ensure that their work standards are the same as "normal people"

Visibility: The public may not be aware of the unfair and cruel treatment of this vulnerable group

Precarity: They are more likely to worry about a secured employment, mental health may also be affected due to factors such as unfair treatment and the need to constant prove themselves worthy

Inequality: these individuals are treated differently solely due to their physical or intellectual limitations and are hence, deprived of job opportunities

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: Mdm Yim faces risks that can contribute to poverty. They may face physical and mental health risks due to the challenges of living in poverty. Physical labor, such as lifting heavy cupboards, can exacerbate existing health problems (having back pain) and increase the risk of injuries.

Individualization: There is a cultural expectation in South Korea that children will take care of their aging parents, but changing social and economic factors have made it difficult for families to fulfill this obligation. Hence, many seniors are left to fend for themselves and must rely on their own resources to survive.  This can escalate the challenges that seniors face, if they have limited resources.

Visibility: The issue of senior poverty and the challenges that seniors face, including having to pick up cupboards or engage in other physical labour, may be hidden from public view due to the stigma associated with poverty. They may be reluctant to seek assistance or speak out about their financial struggles, which can make it difficult for the public to understand the scope and severity of the issue.

Precarity: Seniors in South Korea who are forced to pick up cupboards or engage in other physically demanding work may face precarity, meaning they may fall into poverty or become financially vulnerable due to factors such as retirement, health problems, or limited job opportunities.

Inequality: Mdm Yim has to engage in physically demanding work to make ends meet because they have limited education or job skills may face greater challenges in finding work or accessing resources that can help them meet their basic needs. Seniors doesn’t get paid the seniors’ pension because she has children.

# data[].attributes.body
Risk - economic recession (may not be seen in the video);

Individualisation in risk society- adult children are expected to take care of elderly parents. If not, elderly are on their own. The role of government is absent in caregiving.

Visibility- working in odd places; smell and unpleasant living environment make their children not want to visit; limited NGO help

Precarity- minimum pay; no work no money; no family contact; friends' support absent; no clear social safety net ; bad physical health

Inequality- low income; no clear access to medical care

# data[].attributes.body
Risk:
- Loneliness may lead to mental health risk
- Elders need the most help and care but it is neglected.

Inequality:
- Despite the implementation of support from the government,
- however, she does not get senior pension because she has children
- this neglects significant groups of elders whose children are not  financially stable and unable to provide financial aid to their parents.
- Some children may also choose to distance themselves from their parents due to embarrassment and feel that it is a burden.

Individualisation:
- they have to support themselves despite the harsh living conditions

Visibility:
- The elders who are still financially struggling despite the economical improvements and prosperity over the years. It seems that they are neglected during these significant breakthroughs and are not rewarded for their contributions.

Precarity:
- The elders have physical stamina are deteriorating, however, due to poverty and the need to live, they have to work in jobs in which new generations deemed societally unacceptable. As seen in the video, collecting cardboards is something that we only see the elders do. They reluctanatly have to work in such strenuous jobs as chances of them being hired by other jobs is low due to the lack of experience and skills.

# data[].attributes.body
Risk- disaster may destroy the settlement (may not be seen in the video); housing market decided by private market (may not be seen in the video)

Individualisation in risk society – no clear urban development or policies to help poor residents

Visibility- not been seen in "rich" neighborhood; politically invisible

Precarity - minimum pay; no work no money (may not be seen in the video); high crime rate or gangster control

Inequality- low income; no school; bad job opportunities

# data[].attributes.body
Risk – technology-driven economy takes over the traditional economy; disaster or pandemic may make them expose to more risks (may not be seen in the video)

Individualisation in risk society- no ride no income; only relies on family; no presence of formal regulations; "your own efforts" is

Visibility- being seen as self-employed worker; can see them in cities;

Precarity - no work no money ; no clear pay returns (good times good income; bad times no income)

Inequality- are their income sustainable? On the job training; is it a long-term career?

# data[].attributes.body
Risk- physical dangers still linger towards sexual minorities in many countries (may not be seen in video)

Individualisation in risk society – sexual minorities become targets; some times no communities help them

Visibility – politically absent; rights not being taken seriously; being ignored/discriminated ;

Precarity – life at constant threat (likely); being bullied; got exposed at work and being fired; family chase them out so no permanent residence

Inequality – may be at worse mental health and physical health ; lower income; access to medical health; couples no social benefits

# data[].attributes.body
Risk- flexible employments and sometimes no laws to secure their job opportunities;

Individualisation in risk society – finding opportunities on their own; essential family support;

Visibility – working rights not being seen; voices not being heard; employers' absent changes for the workers with disabilities

Precarity – low-income jobs; multiple jobs; longer unemployment

Inequality – economic resources; education opportunities

# data[].attributes.body
Risk: Blind spots in korea's policies caused seniors to take up low-paying and laborious job (e.g., cardboard picking) to make a living which poses them with health and financial risk.

Individualisation: Due to the lack of government funding and family support, senior have to be self-reliant and support themselves despite their old age and ailment

Visibility: Seniors' hardship are not visible in the society e.g., government assume that seniors with children have family support, which may differ from reality. As shown in the video, the cardboard lady's family seldom visit her

Precarity: The lack of safety net caused seniors to engage in labourious and low-paying jobs. What if seniors with no social support and are seriously ill? How do they make end meets?

Inequality: Income / retirement funding gap among the different SES groups of seniors. Low-income seniors lack access to basic necessities e.g., healthcare

- lelia

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Risk: Roads may not be driver friendly in Indonesia especially if the route to deliver food or fetching passengers requires the driver to go through alleyways. Personal vehicles used by the driver may not be safe as it may be too old or faulty due to lack of maintenance. This is evident by the driver in the video that finally got to save up enough money to buy a new motorcycle as her previous one was too old.

Individualisation: As mentioned in the risk portion, drivers have to face it themselves.

Visibility: No one knows or would care if their jobs are safe when they are delivering through dangerous alleys and knows if their working vehicles are safe to use except for the drivers themselves and those other drivers that have delivered food/fetch passengers through the same routes.

Precarity: Gojek does not provide free vehicle maintenance for the drivers' personal vehicle they use to work. Gojek also do not check and block locations to deliver food to or fetch passengers from if it is dangerous for drivers to reach. Hence, drivers have no choice but to work with their vehicles regardless if it is safe since they need money and do not have extra to maintain them. They also do not know if the locations are dangerous to get to when accepting a job if they have not been there before.

Inequality: While the driver in the video was very thankful for Gojek for letting her earn so much money through this job, it is mostly thanks to her hardwork. As Gojek takes a percentage of fare from each job completed by the drivers hence, drivers can only earn so much through one job. For a driver to earn that much is because they work endlessly non stop to earn that much.