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Describe the steps needed to separate a dry sample of salt and sand from a mixture of salt crystals and sand.

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Describe the steps needed to separate a dry sample of salt and sand from a mixture of salt crystals and sand.

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1. Dissolving

2. Filtration

3. Evaporation

4. Crystallisation

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There are physical methods which can be used to separate a mixture to obtain pure substances. You will need to choose the correct separation technique, which is determined by the nature of the mixture

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A) The "X" should be placed above the tube.
B)i) The function of "M" is to condense and cool down the water vapor that goes through it, turning it into water droplets.
B)ii) Cold water enters through the bottom of apparatus M as if it entered from the top, the condenser would not be able to fill up completely, but if water enters from the bottom, the entire condenser can be filled up with cold water.
C) Smooth boiling is required so there will not be splashing of the mixture, and the quality of the distilate will be improved

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Answer is option A, as different dyes have different solubilities, and will travel up the chromatography paper with various distances

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Step 1: Dissolve the mixture in a beaker with distilled water. The salt crystals will dissolve.

Step 2: Filter out the sand by using filter paper and a funnel to obtain the sand. The filtrate will be the salt solution and the residue will be the sand

Step 3: Evaporate the water in an evaporating dish to get the saturated salt solution

Step 4: Set the saturated salt solution aside to cool down for the rest of the water to evaporate and form crystals

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The answer is option A

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The answer is option D

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D

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Fractional Distillation is used to separate a liquid-liquid mixture which is miscible. This can only be used if the two liquids have different boiling points, and the substance with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first.

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Filtration can be used to separate a solid-solid mixture or a solid-liquid mixture. The separation is first carried out by dissolving the mixture in water, and the insoluble solid will remain in water. A filter paper is used to separate the mixtures as it has tiny pores which only dissolved substances can pass through. The insoluble substances are to large to pass through them. The substance left on the filter paper is the residue, and the substance that passed through is called the filtrate.

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Two different solid substances mixed together such as sand with salt or iron powder with sulfur.

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Two different liquid substances mixed together such as alchoholic solution, and crude oil.

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Evaporation is used to recover pure soluble solid from a solution which is heat-stable. The solution is then evaporated to dryness, and the solid remains as crystallised residue after the solvent has evaporated.

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A solid substance and liquid substance mixed together such as salt solution, or sugar solution.

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This is a method used to recover a pure solid from a solution which is not heat-stable.
1) The solution is heated until it gets saturated.
2) It is allowed to cool slowly so crystals can form.
If the compound is not heat-stable, like sugar crystals, it would decompose.

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A method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. The components in a sample mixture are vaporised by the application of heat and then immediately cooled by the action of cold water in a condenser.

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Fractional Distillation | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Paper chromatography is a technique used for the separation of compounds based on the differential solubility in the stationary phase and mobile phase (solvent). In the amino acid separation by paper chromatography, the solvent travel across the paper, it carries the amino acids with it.

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Sublimation is the change of the solid state of the matter directly on heating to vapor state without becoming a liquid.

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Chemistry experiment 47 - Sublimation of Iodine

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This technique uses magnets to separate magnetic substances from a mixture, like using a magnet to separate iron from sulfur in a mixture of iron and sulfur.

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A) Dye 4 is the most soluble

B) Dye 1,3, and 4

C) Fruit juice Q is safe to drink as it has no traces of Dye 2, but fruit juice P is not safe to drink, as it contains Dye 2, which is banned.