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Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky is a Russian and American poet, essayist, playwright and translator, and teacher. He was a 1987 Nobel Prize laureate in literature and a U.S. Poet Laureate in 1991-1992. He wrote poems mainly in Russian, and essays in English. He is an honorary citizen of St. Petersburg.

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Zhores I. Alferov
The Nobel Prize in Physics

Work

Semiconductors, materials with properties between those of electrical conductors and insulators, are the basis for most electronic components. Some components use heterostructures, in which semiconductor materials lie in thin sheets. In 1963, at the same time as but independently of Herbert Kroemer, Zhores Alferov built a heterostructure that acted as a laser. Semiconductor lasers have since become important for the transmission of signals in optical fibers and for storage and reading of data.

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Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931 in the village of. Privolnoye in the Krasnogvardeisky district of the North Caucasus Territory (now in the Stavropol Territory) in a peasant family. His father, Sergei Andreevich, worked as a machine operator at a machine and tractor station. Mother - Maria Panteleevna (maiden name Gopkalo), worked all her life on the collective farm.

In 1955, Mikhail Gorbachev graduated from the law faculty of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov, in 1967 - correspondence department of the Stavropol Agricultural Institute (now Stavropol State Agrarian University) with the qualification "agronomist-economist". The only president of the USSR in history (1990-1991).
On October 15, 1990, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He received recognition from the international community for his contribution to the peace process in relations between the Soviet Union and Western countries.

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In 1978, Peter Kapitsa received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for fundamental inventions and discoveries in the field of low temperature physics." Kapitsa was awarded the award for two achievements – the discovery of the superfluidity of helium and the invention of the turbo expander.
Kapitsa became one of the few scientists who fulfilled both parts of the fragment of Nobel's will. He asked for the prize to be awarded "for discoveries or inventions" in the field of physics. Kapitsa did both.

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Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960) - Russian writer, poet and prose writer of the 20th century. Author of the famous novel "Doctor Zhivago", many translations from other languages, collections of poems, stories, articles and essays. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature - "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel."

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Writer Ivan Bunin was the first to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933 for "the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." He died in 1953, and was buried in the cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

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Mikhail Sholokhov was the only Soviet writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize by the leadership of the USSR. The writer received it in 1965 "for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a crucial time for Russia" — that is, for the epic novel "The Quiet Don".

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Nikolai Nikolaevich Semyonov (April 3, 1896, Saratov - September 25, 1986, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet physical chemist and teacher, one of the founders of chemical physics.  He made a significant contribution to the development of chemical kinetics.  Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932; corresponding member since 1929), the only Soviet Nobel Prize winner in chemistry (awarded in 1956 jointly with Cyril Hinshelwood).  Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1966 and 1976).  In 1956, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for establishing the mechanism of gas-phase reactions, in particular, homogeneous monomolecular decomposition and branched chain reactions.

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In 1904, I.P. Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize for research on the functions of the main digestive glands - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate.

Pavlov's works are the foundation of all current ideas about the activity of the digestive organs, the mechanisms of their regulation, and how these mechanisms can be disrupted.

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Ilya Mechnikov is one of the founders of evolutionary embryology, the discoverer of phagocytosis and intracellular digestion, the creator of the comparative pathology of inflammation, the phagocytic theory of immunity, and the theory of phagocytella. He put forward and developed one of the first concepts of aging, developed a probiotic diet with the aim of gaining a long and healthy life, coined the term “gerontology” itself. Ilya Mechnikov is called the “father of the theory of innate immunity”

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Lev Davidovich Landau (1908-1968) - Soviet theoretical physicist, founder of a scientific school. The Institute for Theoretical Physics is named after Landau. He also founded the classical course of theoretical physics. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics "for pioneering research in the theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium."

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Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) - Russian writer, playwright, poet, public and political figure. He also became widely known for his artistic and journalistic works on the history of Russia. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature."

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Maria Sklodowska-Curie.
The first female teacher of the Sorbonne. Awarded the Nobel Prizes in Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911), she is the first female Nobel laureate in history and the first twice Nobel laureate in history. The first female member of the Paris Medical Academy Participated in the creation of the Curie Institutes
in Paris and Warsaw. Together with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Antoine Henri Becquerel, she is the discoverer of radioactivity
and the author of the term "radioactivity". Together with her husband, she discovered the elements of radium.