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The Celts- Romero Cristian, Posse Estefanis

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The Celts- Romero Cristian, Posse Estefanis

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The Celts were another group of INVADERS who came from central Europe or further east from southern Russia. They were technically advanced due to the fact that they knew how to work with IRON and make better weapons than the ones made of bronze. They were organized into different TRIBES and each tribal chief was chosen from each family or tribe. Their iron technology and their PLOUGHING methods helped them farm HEAVIER soils. They were successful FARMERS, growing enough food for a much longer population. The Celt tribes were ruled by a warrior class of which the priests or Druids were important because for example, the DRUIDS memorized all the religious teachings, the tribal laws, history and medicine.

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As history describes, one of the most important groups were the Celts. In fact, they are the ancestor of many people of Britain, from Highland Scotland, Wales, Ireland to Cornwall. It is certain that they came from central Europe or southern Russia for 700 years starting from the year 700 BC or around it. They were technically more advanced than other people because they knew how to work with iron, and it was astonishing because people who were there in this period worked with bronze. This advantage was significant because they could make better weapons and tools.

As to agriculture, they introduced an advanced ploughing method that provided enough food to their community. A community that was made up of hill forts, where the houses were. In addition, they were the capitals of economic power.

Finally, the Celts were ruled by warrior class and Improved their trades as to political and social contact across tribal borders. It was conducted by river and sea using iron bars as a coin.

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The Celts who probably came from central Europe or further east, from southern Russia around 700 BC. The continental conflicts were the reason why they moved to the British isles. Tribal waves were the way the invaders began to arrive to the isles and they began to take under control the lowland areas of British, bringing their own dialect, being Erse, Gaelic and Welsh. And they had some features as their height, fair and red hair and blue eyes. They knew how to work with iron that which made them technically advanced and because of that they could make better weapons compared to the ones made by bronze. They were organised into different tribes in which chose tribal chiefs who were chosen from each family or tribe and they became simple econimic capitals and smaller towns inside of hill-forts, using iron bar as money. They kept the agriculture using iron and intoducing advanced ploughing methods to farm heavier soil.

The last Celtic arrivals were the belgic tribes. The Celtic tribes were ruled over by warrior class, of which the priests, or Druids, seem to have been important members.

The Celts are the ancestors of the people in Highland Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Cornwall. Celtic culture and language were taken by the Iberian people of Wales and Conwall.

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Romans contributed with key changes for the whole western civilization. They extended their culture and technology in a huge territory(including areas in Europe, north Africa and Asia).
In 43 AD the Roman Empire started a sucesfull invasion  in the British Isles. The conquered territoty was consider a Roman Province called Britannia. Romans kept their power in this region till 410 AD when they left.
Romans introduced writing, reading and Latin in Britain (of course this knowledge was accessible just for few people).  They introduced important modifications in the organization and the Law.   They were aso great engineers. Romans  created roads, aqueducts and buildings with central heating.  An example of their power and engineering skills is the Hadrian wall,  a  defensive fortification  built to guard the wild north-west frontier of the Roman Empire gainst the Picts.
Romans also increased economic life and introduced new foods and products (wine, cabbage, celery, radish, carrot, plum and more).

Carla Pavón .Daniela Sanchez

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What Have The Romans... - Monty Python's Life of Brian

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One of the three different towns brought by Romans. Characterized by giving Roman citizenship to its inhabitants.
The other towns brought by the Romans were coloniae -which were towns inhabited by Roman settlers-, and civitas -which included old Celtic capitals but managed by the Romans-.

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The Vikings - Matias Olivar - Nehuen Ybañez

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The Vikings - Matias Olivar - Nehuen Ybañez

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The Vikings arrived to Britain around the end of the 8th Century, attacking and burning monasteries

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The Saxon Invasion - Annel Castellano and Micaela Souble. 

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The Saxon Invasion - Annel Castellano and Micaela Souble. 

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The Anglo-Saxons were invaders and they were classified in three major groups: The Angles, The Saxons and The Jutes. They all came from Germany and decided to call a part of Britain "England" which meant "The land of the Angles". They were farmers and they lived in Villages. They also organized themselves into Kingdoms with a group of advisers called "The Witan" that helped them rule. On the other hand, in terms of religion, the Anglo-Saxons were first pagan and later they became Christians, because Christianity gave Saxon Kings more power to rule over the ordinary people, who could never question their authority.
England, as Anglo-Saxons called Britain, was divided in 7 kingdoms. Their names were: Northumbria, East Anglia, Mercia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent.

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The raiders from Northumbria by Camila Bisterfeld and Julieta Coggiola

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The raiders from Northumbria by Camila Bisterfeld and Julieta Coggiola

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In AD 793, on June 8th a new group of raiders who travelled by bote attacked England. They were called Vikings. They were pagans. Later in 851, these new group of invaders started coming to conquer Britain. First, they stayed in winter camps on the Isle of Thanet in Kent. By the 870s, almost every kindom was overrun by Vikings, except from Wessex. But not everything was a success for them. After many trials and tribulations, King Alfred who ruled from 871-899 defetead the Vikings at the Battle of Edington in 878.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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The Druids - Celina Delmagro and Marianella Jaque

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The Druids - Celina Delmagro and Marianella Jaque

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The Druids were Celt’s priests; they were very important members in the Celtic society. Although they couldn’t write or read, they had memorized everything that was necessary for the Celtic Society.
Celts were organized in tribes, and Druids from different tribes probably met once a year. But they didn’t meet in temples; the meetings were in sacred groves, an oak tree with mistletoe growing in it was ideal (they thought mistletoe was sacred), by river o river’s sources. Little is known about their worship; but, at times, it included human sacrifice
The Britons feared and respected them. They were political advisors, teachers and healers who knew the laws and customs of the tribes. They were experts on the past, and also could foretell the future. It might take up to 20 years to become a druid, after that their knowledge must have been enormous, but little is known about that because they weren’t allowed to write any of it.
In 54 AD, Emperor Claudius banned the Druids. And in 60 AD the new British governor decided to attack the Druid center on Anglesey. But waiting for them were Druids dressed in white and woman in black, shouting and cursing them. Although the romans hesitated, they then advanced and wiped out the Druids, and destroyed their sacred meeting places.

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The Anglo Saxons - Suyay Bivanco and Licianni Díaz

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The Anglo Saxons - Suyay Bivanco and Licianni Díaz

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The Saxons traced their origins to the 5th century. They were pagans who belonged to an older Germanic religion and believed in giants, dragons and strange creatures. They were also good warriors.

Saxon kings helped the Church to grow and the Church  increased the power of kings. Kings had ‘’God’s approval’’.

Anglo-Saxons stablished a number of kingdoms, some of which still exist in county or regional names to this day:

1. Essex (East Saxons)

2. Sussex (South Saxons)

3. Wessex (West Saxons)

4. Middlesex (probably a kingdom of Middle Saxons)

5. East Anglia (East Angles)

Middle of seventh century the three largest kingdoms, those of Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex, were the most powerful.

In the 10th century, the Saxons created the King’s council (one of them was the Witan), a  formal body, issuing laws and charters. It was not all democratic since the King could ignore the Witan’s advice.

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The Roman Invation by Liniado Florencia & Fernanda García

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The Roman Invation by Liniado Florencia & Fernanda García

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Over one thousand years, the British Isles were invaded over and over again by different civilizations; all of them coming from mainland Europe. The Romans were the first invaders in Britain. They arrived in 43 AD and left in 410 AD. This group had a significant impact on the island because they brought over their laws and infrastructure, which provided citizens with security and paved roads that helped trading goods to other territories. The Roman Empire called the island Britannia; they conquered Britain and Wales but couldn’t conquer Scotland.

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The celts - Clara Huntaquer, Delfina Victoria Funes

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The celts - Clara Huntaquer, Delfina Victoria Funes

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Around 700BC, another wave of invaders came to Britain. They were the Celts, these people came from central Europe and further east.
Physically they were tall, with blue eyes and red/fair-haired. The Celts were technically advanced. They brought a new material. This is iron, they created with it tools which helped them to work in a better way.
Also, they were farmers and because of that, they developed a new way to grew crops; ploughing.
As far as we are concern, the Celtic culture was part of being warlike, therefore they started to build hill-forts because they were protected there and could protect their tribes.
In reference to their lifestyle, they lived in tribes. With their tribal chiefs, war chiefs and the Druids. These ones were illiterate but knew everything about the culture.

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The Celtic invaders - Facundo Sabino and Alejo Sosa

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The Celtic invaders - Facundo Sabino and Alejo Sosa

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The Celts arrived in britain between 750 and 500 BC from central and southern Europe. These were technically advanced compared with the habitants of britain, they know how to work really well with iron and bronze, these started to controll all the lowland areas of britain.
Their social organization was conformed by tribes wich had contact with other settlements by trading.
The celts were polytheistic and their priests were the druids but in the 567 AD the Romans brought christianity to England.
Celtic languages have been continuosly used in some areas since that time, are still spoken.

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Sofia Untaker- Ángeles Fibiger

In 4th AD it was accepted by Constantine.
Celtics areas brought paganism to an end after spread Christianity all over the west-north.
In the late 5th Century, Augustine (monk) was sent by Pope Gregroy the Great to re-establish Christianity and he became Archibishop of Canterbury in early 6th Century.
However, not everyone accepted the religion because Augustine was interested in authority.
Celtic were whom convey ordinary people to Christianity and they were accepted by the Anglo- Saxons.
Finally, after some differences between Celtic and Roman churches, in 663 the king of Northumbria supported the Roman, widened their authority all over the island.

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The Vikings - Sabrina Guerra and Salomé Lazaro Nieto

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The Vikings - Sabrina Guerra and Salomé Lazaro Nieto

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The "Viking" word stands for "Pirates" or "The People of the seas". They were pagans and lived in Norway, Denmark and Sweden. They tended to attack before the Winter came since North Sea was calmer. Also, Vikings were characterized by stealing gold and silver from churches and monasteries.
In 865 they invaded Britain and wanted to conquer it since their lands were not suitable for farming (their were large areas fulled with mountains, forests and heath).
Anglo-Saxons couldn't keep Vikings out until 878, the King of Wessex, Alfred was able to win the raiders after several battles (the Battle of Edington). He forced Vikings to accept his peace terms and they had an agreement: the Viking would keep the Northeastern of Britain whereas Alfred the South.
In the end, the fyrd army was able to capture London in 886 and beat the Vikings.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Double click on the screen to create a post. Give it a title and write a six-line paragraph about the period of invasions in Britain. You're free to illustrate your writing!!
Use some of the words below :

WARLIKE  -  INVADERS  -  KINGDOMS  -  SHIRES  -   CHRISTIANITY   -  TRIBES -  RAIDERS    STONE ROADS  - IRON TOOLS  -  DIALECTS   -  LATIN  -  ARCHBISHOP  -  WITAN  -   ILLITERATE   -  CLERKS - MUNICIPIA  -  3-FIELD SYSTEM   -   HEAVIER PLOUGH  -  DRUIDS
SHIPS  -  AXES  -  FARMERS   -  IRON  -  LEARNING   -  PAGANS  -  LONDON -  KING ALFRED